我有一堆扁平结构的物体。这些物体有ID和ParentID属性，因此它们可以安排在树上。它们没有特别的顺序。每个ParentID属性不一定与结构中的ID匹配。因此它们可能是从这些物体中出现的几棵树。
您将如何处理这些对象以创建生成的树？
我不是一个解决方案，但我确信它远非最佳...
我需要创建这些树，然后按正确的顺序将数据插入数据库。
没有循环引用。当ParentID == null或在其他对象中找不到ParentID时，Node是RootNode
将对象的ID存储在映射到特定对象的哈希表中。枚举所有对象并找到它们的父项（如果存在）并相应地更新其父指针。
class MyObject
{ // The actual object
public int ParentID { get; set; }
public int ID { get; set; }
}
class Node
{
public List<Node> Children = new List<Node>();
public Node Parent { get; set; }
public MyObject AssociatedObject { get; set; }
}
IEnumerable<Node> BuildTreeAndGetRoots(List<MyObject> actualObjects)
{
Dictionary<int, Node> lookup = new Dictionary<int, Node>();
actualObjects.ForEach(x => lookup.Add(x.ID, new Node { AssociatedObject = x }));
foreach (var item in lookup.Values) {
Node proposedParent;
if (lookup.TryGetValue(item.AssociatedObject.ParentID, out proposedParent)) {
item.Parent = proposedParent;
proposedParent.Children.Add(item);
}
}
return lookup.Values.Where(x => x.Parent == null);
}
这是Mehrdad Afshari的答案的java解决方案。
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class Tree {
Iterator<Node> buildTreeAndGetRoots(List<MyObject> actualObjects) {
Map<Integer, Node> lookup = new HashMap<>();
actualObjects.forEach(x -> lookup.put(x.id, new Node(x)));
//foreach (var item in lookup.Values)
lookup.values().forEach(item ->
{
Node proposedParent;
if (lookup.containsKey(item.associatedObject.parentId)) {
proposedParent = lookup.get(item.associatedObject.parentId);
item.parent = proposedParent;
proposedParent.children.add(item);
}
}
);
//return lookup.values.Where(x =>x.Parent ==null);
return lookup.values().stream().filter(x -> x.parent == null).iterator();
}
}
class MyObject { // The actual object
public int parentId;
public int id;
}
class Node {
public List<Node> children = new ArrayList<Node>();
public Node parent;
public MyObject associatedObject;
public Node(MyObject associatedObject) {
this.associatedObject = associatedObject;
}
}
你是否只使用这些属性？如果没有，那么创建子节点数组可能会很好，您可以在其中循环遍历所有这些对象以构建此类属性。从那里，选择具有子节点但没有父节点的节点，并从上到下迭代地构建您的树。
我可以在4行代码和O（n log n）时间内完成此操作，假设Dictionary类似于TreeMap。
dict := Dictionary new.
ary do: [:each | dict at: each id put: each].
ary do: [:each | (dict at: each parent) addChild: each].
root := dict at: nil.
编辑：好的，现在我读到一些parentID是假的，所以忘记上面的内容，并执行以下操作：
dict := Dictionary new.
dict at: nil put: OrderedCollection new.
ary do: [:each | dict at: each id put: each].
ary do: [:each |
(dict at: each parent ifAbsent: [dict at: nil])
add: each].
roots := dict at: nil.
大多数答案都假设您希望在数据库之外执行此操作。如果您的树本质上是相对静态的，并且您只需要以某种方式将树映射到数据库中，您可能需要考虑在数据库端使用嵌套集表示。查看Joe Celko的书籍（或者here获得Celko的概述）。 如果仍然绑定到Oracle dbs，请查看他们的CONNECT BY以获得直接的SQL方法。 无论使用哪种方法，您都可以在将数据加载到数据库之前完全跳过映射树。只是想我会提供这个替代方案，它可能完全不适合您的特定需求。原始问题的整个“正确顺序”部分在某种程度上意味着您需要在数据库中由于某种原因使命令“正确”？这可能会促使我在那里处理树木。
这与提问者所寻求的并不完全相同，但我很难绕过这里提供的含糊不清的答案，我仍然认为这个答案符合标题。
我的答案是将平面结构映射到直接在对象树上，你所拥有的只是每个对象上的ParentID。 ParentID是null或0，如果它是根。在提问者的对面，我假设所有有效的ParentID指向列表中的其他内容：
var rootNodes = new List<DTIntranetMenuItem>();
var dictIntranetMenuItems = new Dictionary<long, DTIntranetMenuItem>();
//Convert the flat database items to the DTO's,
//that has a list of children instead of a ParentID.
foreach (var efIntranetMenuItem in flatIntranetMenuItems) //List<tblIntranetMenuItem>
{
//Automapper (nuget)
DTIntranetMenuItem intranetMenuItem =
Mapper.Map<DTIntranetMenuItem>(efIntranetMenuItem);
intranetMenuItem.Children = new List<DTIntranetMenuItem>();
dictIntranetMenuItems.Add(efIntranetMenuItem.ID, intranetMenuItem);
}
foreach (var efIntranetMenuItem in flatIntranetMenuItems)
{
//Getting the equivalent object of the converted ones
DTIntranetMenuItem intranetMenuItem = dictIntranetMenuItems[efIntranetMenuItem.ID];
if (efIntranetMenuItem.ParentID == null || efIntranetMenuItem.ParentID <= 0)
{
rootNodes.Add(intranetMenuItem);
}
else
{
var parent = dictIntranetMenuItems[efIntranetMenuItem.ParentID.Value];
parent.Children.Add(intranetMenuItem);
//intranetMenuItem.Parent = parent;
}
}
return rootNodes;
这是一个ruby实现：
它将按属性名称或方法调用的结果进行编目。
CatalogGenerator = ->(depth) do
if depth != 0
->(hash, key) do
hash[key] = Hash.new(&CatalogGenerator[depth - 1])
end
else
->(hash, key) do
hash[key] = []
end
end
end
def catalog(collection, root_name: :root, by:)
method_names = [*by]
log = Hash.new(&CatalogGenerator[method_names.length])
tree = collection.each_with_object(log) do |item, catalog|
path = method_names.map { |method_name| item.public_send(method_name)}.unshift(root_name.to_sym)
catalog.dig(*path) << item
end
tree.with_indifferent_access
end
students = [#<Student:0x007f891d0b4818 id: 33999, status: "on_hold", tenant_id: 95>,
#<Student:0x007f891d0b4570 id: 7635, status: "on_hold", tenant_id: 6>,
#<Student:0x007f891d0b42c8 id: 37220, status: "on_hold", tenant_id: 6>,
#<Student:0x007f891d0b4020 id: 3444, status: "ready_for_match", tenant_id: 15>,
#<Student:0x007f8931d5ab58 id: 25166, status: "in_partnership", tenant_id: 10>]
catalog students, by: [:tenant_id, :status]
# this would out put the following
{"root"=>
{95=>
{"on_hold"=>
[#<Student:0x007f891d0b4818
id: 33999,
status: "on_hold",
tenant_id: 95>]},
6=>
{"on_hold"=>
[#<Student:0x007f891d0b4570 id: 7635, status: "on_hold", tenant_id: 6>,
#<Student:0x007f891d0b42c8
id: 37220,
status: "on_hold",
tenant_id: 6>]},
15=>
{"ready_for_match"=>
[#<Student:0x007f891d0b4020
id: 3444,
status: "ready_for_match",
tenant_id: 15>]},
10=>
{"in_partnership"=>
[#<Student:0x007f8931d5ab58
id: 25166,
status: "in_partnership",
tenant_id: 10>]}}}
接受的答案对我来说太复杂了，所以我要添加它的Ruby和NodeJS版本
假设平面节点列表具有以下结构：
nodes = [
{ id: 7, parent_id: 1 },
...
] # ruby
nodes = [
{ id: 7, parentId: 1 },
...
] # nodeJS
将上面的平面列表结构转换为树的功能看起来如下
对于Ruby：
def to_tree(nodes)
nodes.each do |node|
parent = nodes.find { |another| another[:id] == node[:parent_id] }
next unless parent
node[:parent] = parent
parent[:children] ||= []
parent[:children] << node
end
nodes.select { |node| node[:parent].nil? }
end
对于NodeJS：
const toTree = (nodes) => {
nodes.forEach((node) => {
const parent = nodes.find((another) => another.id == node.parentId)
if(parent == null) return;
node.parent = parent;
parent.children = parent.children || [];
parent.children = parent.children.concat(node);
});
return nodes.filter((node) => node.parent == null)
};
一种优雅的方法是将列表中的项目表示为包含点分隔父项列表的字符串，最后是一个值：
server.port=90
server.hostname=localhost
client.serverport=90
client.database.port=1234
client.database.host=localhost
组装树时，最终会得到如下结构：
server:
port: 90
hostname: localhost
client:
serverport=1234
database:
port: 1234
host: localhost
我有一个configuration library，它从命令行参数（列表）实现这个覆盖配置（树）。将单个项目添加到列表is here的算法。
根据Mehrdad Afshari的答案以及Andrew Hanlon对加速的评论，这是我的看法。
与原始任务的重要区别：根节点具有ID == parentID。
class MyObject
{ // The actual object
public int ParentID { get; set; }
public int ID { get; set; }
}
class Node
{
public List<Node> Children = new List<Node>();
public Node Parent { get; set; }
public MyObject Source { get; set; }
}
List<Node> BuildTreeAndGetRoots(List<MyObject> actualObjects)
{
var lookup = new Dictionary<int, Node>();
var rootNodes = new List<Node>();
foreach (var item in actualObjects)
{
// add us to lookup
Node ourNode;
if (lookup.TryGetValue(item.ID, out ourNode))
{ // was already found as a parent - register the actual object
ourNode.Source = item;
}
else
{
ourNode = new Node() { Source = item };
lookup.Add(item.ID, ourNode);
}
// hook into parent
if (item.ParentID == item.ID)
{ // is a root node
rootNodes.Add(ourNode);
}
else
{ // is a child row - so we have a parent
Node parentNode;
if (!lookup.TryGetValue(item.ParentID, out parentNode))
{ // unknown parent, construct preliminary parent
parentNode = new Node();
lookup.Add(item.ParentID, parentNode);
}
parentNode.Children.Add(ourNode);
ourNode.Parent = parentNode;
}
}
return rootNodes;
}
这是一个简单的JavaScript算法，用于将平面表解析为在N次运行的父/子树结构：
var table = [
{parent_id: 0, id: 1, children: []},
{parent_id: 0, id: 2, children: []},
{parent_id: 0, id: 3, children: []},
{parent_id: 1, id: 4, children: []},
{parent_id: 1, id: 5, children: []},
{parent_id: 1, id: 6, children: []},
{parent_id: 2, id: 7, children: []},
{parent_id: 7, id: 8, children: []},
{parent_id: 8, id: 9, children: []},
{parent_id: 3, id: 10, children: []}
];
var root = {id:0, parent_id: null, children: []};
var node_list = { 0 : root};
for (var i = 0; i < table.length; i++) {
node_list[table[i].id] = table[i];
node_list[table[i].parent_id].children.push(node_list[table[i].id]);
}
console.log(root);
Potkhon Solyuion
def subtree(node, relationships):
return {
v: subtree(v, relationships)
for v in [x[0] for x in relationships if x[1] == node]
}
例如：
# (child, parent) pairs where -1 means no parent
flat_tree = [
(1, -1),
(4, 1),
(10, 4),
(11, 4),
(16, 11),
(17, 11),
(24, 17),
(25, 17),
(5, 1),
(8, 5),
(9, 5),
(7, 9),
(12, 9),
(22, 12),
(23, 12),
(2, 23),
(26, 23),
(27, 23),
(20, 9),
(21, 9)
]
subtree(-1, flat_tree)
生产：
{
"1": {
"4": {
"10": {},
"11": {
"16": {},
"17": {
"24": {},
"25": {}
}
}
},
"5": {
"8": {},
"9": {
"20": {},
"12": {
"22": {},
"23": {
"2": {},
"27": {},
"26": {}
}
},
"21": {},
"7": {}
}
}
}
}
JS版本返回一个根或一个根数组，每个根将包含一个包含相关子节点的Children数组属性。不依赖于有序输入，体面紧凑，不使用递归。请享用！
// creates a tree from a flat set of hierarchically related data
var MiracleGrow = function(treeData, key, parentKey)
{
var keys = [];
treeData.map(function(x){
x.Children = [];
keys.push(x[key]);
});
var roots = treeData.filter(function(x){return keys.indexOf(x[parentKey])==-1});
var nodes = [];
roots.map(function(x){nodes.push(x)});
while(nodes.length > 0)
{
var node = nodes.pop();
var children = treeData.filter(function(x){return x[parentKey] == node[key]});
children.map(function(x){
node.Children.push(x);
nodes.push(x)
});
}
if (roots.length==1) return roots[0];
return roots;
}
// demo/test data
var treeData = [
{id:9, name:'Led Zep', parent:null},
{id:10, name:'Jimmy', parent:9},
{id:11, name:'Robert', parent:9},
{id:12, name:'John', parent:9},
{id:8, name:'Elec Gtr Strings', parent:5},
{id:1, name:'Rush', parent:null},
{id:2, name:'Alex', parent:1},
{id:3, name:'Geddy', parent:1},
{id:4, name:'Neil', parent:1},
{id:5, name:'Gibson Les Paul', parent:2},
{id:6, name:'Pearl Kit', parent:4},
{id:7, name:'Rickenbacker', parent:3},
{id:100, name:'Santa', parent:99},
{id:101, name:'Elf', parent:100},
];
var root = MiracleGrow(treeData, "id", "parent")
console.log(root)
在这里找到了一个很棒的JavaScript版本：http://oskarhane.com/create-a-nested-array-recursively-in-javascript/
假设你有一个像这样的数组：
const models = [
{id: 1, title: 'hello', parent: 0},
{id: 2, title: 'hello', parent: 0},
{id: 3, title: 'hello', parent: 1},
{id: 4, title: 'hello', parent: 3},
{id: 5, title: 'hello', parent: 4},
{id: 6, title: 'hello', parent: 4},
{id: 7, title: 'hello', parent: 3},
{id: 8, title: 'hello', parent: 2}
];
并且你希望嵌套的对象如下：
const nestedStructure = [
{
id: 1, title: 'hello', parent: 0, children: [
{
id: 3, title: 'hello', parent: 1, children: [
{
id: 4, title: 'hello', parent: 3, children: [
{id: 5, title: 'hello', parent: 4},
{id: 6, title: 'hello', parent: 4}
]
},
{id: 7, title: 'hello', parent: 3}
]
}
]
},
{
id: 2, title: 'hello', parent: 0, children: [
{id: 8, title: 'hello', parent: 2}
]
}
];
这是一个使其发生的递归函数。
function getNestedChildren(models, parentId) {
const nestedTreeStructure = [];
const length = models.length;
for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) { // for-loop for perf reasons, huge difference in ie11
const model = models[i];
if (model.parent == parentId) {
const children = getNestedChildren(models, model.id);
if (children.length > 0) {
model.children = children;
}
nestedTreeStructure.push(model);
}
}
return nestedTreeStructure;
}
Usuage：
const models = [
{id: 1, title: 'hello', parent: 0},
{id: 2, title: 'hello', parent: 0},
{id: 3, title: 'hello', parent: 1},
{id: 4, title: 'hello', parent: 3},
{id: 5, title: 'hello', parent: 4},
{id: 6, title: 'hello', parent: 4},
{id: 7, title: 'hello', parent: 3},
{id: 8, title: 'hello', parent: 2}
];
const nestedStructure = getNestedChildren(models, 0);
在我看来这个问题很模糊，我可能会创建一个从ID到实际对象的映射。在伪java（我没有检查它是否工作/编译），它可能是这样的：
Map<ID, FlatObject> flatObjectMap = new HashMap<ID, FlatObject>();
for (FlatObject object: flatStructure) {
flatObjectMap.put(object.ID, object);
}
并查找每个父母：
private FlatObject getParent(FlatObject object) {
getRealObject(object.ParentID);
}
private FlatObject getRealObject(ID objectID) {
flatObjectMap.get(objectID);
}
通过重用getRealObject(ID)并执行从对象到对象集合（或其ID）的映射，您也可以获得父级 - >子级映射。
我基于@Mehrdad Afshari回答：在C＃中松散地写了一个通用的解决方案：
void Example(List<MyObject> actualObjects)
{
List<TreeNode<MyObject>> treeRoots = actualObjects.BuildTree(obj => obj.ID, obj => obj.ParentID, -1);
}
public class TreeNode<T>
{
public TreeNode(T value)
{
Value = value;
Children = new List<TreeNode<T>>();
}
public T Value { get; private set; }
public List<TreeNode<T>> Children { get; private set; }
}
public static class TreeExtensions
{
public static List<TreeNode<TValue>> BuildTree<TKey, TValue>(this IEnumerable<TValue> objects, Func<TValue, TKey> keySelector, Func<TValue, TKey> parentKeySelector, TKey defaultKey = default(TKey))
{
var roots = new List<TreeNode<TValue>>();
var allNodes = objects.Select(overrideValue => new TreeNode<TValue>(overrideValue)).ToArray();
var nodesByRowId = allNodes.ToDictionary(node => keySelector(node.Value));
foreach (var currentNode in allNodes)
{
TKey parentKey = parentKeySelector(currentNode.Value);
if (Equals(parentKey, defaultKey))
{
roots.Add(currentNode);
}
else
{
nodesByRowId[parentKey].Children.Add(currentNode);
}
}
return roots;
}
}
对于对Eugene解决方案的C＃版本感兴趣的任何人，请注意node_list是作为地图访问的，因此请使用Dictionary。
请记住，只有在按parent_id排序表时，此解决方案才有效。
var table = new[]
{
new Node { parent_id = 0, id = 1 },
new Node { parent_id = 0, id = 2 },
new Node { parent_id = 0, id = 3 },
new Node { parent_id = 1, id = 4 },
new Node { parent_id = 1, id = 5 },
new Node { parent_id = 1, id = 6 },
new Node { parent_id = 2, id = 7 },
new Node { parent_id = 7, id = 9 },
new Node { parent_id = 8, id = 9 },
new Node { parent_id = 3, id = 10 },
};
var root = new Node { id = 0 };
var node_list = new Dictionary<int, Node>{
{ 0, root }
};
foreach (var item in table)
{
node_list.Add(item.id, item);
node_list[item.parent_id].children.Add(node_list[item.id]);
}
节点定义如下。
class Node
{
public int id { get; set; }
public int parent_id { get; set; }
public List<Node> children = new List<Node>();
}