虽然pyicu安装正确，但在Mac和Ubuntu中导入icu的错误

Question

我在MacOS和Ubuntu 14.04中都安装了pyicu，但它在导入时显示ImportError。对于MacOS，高山脉输出是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 File "/Users/siddharthdas/venvs/chai/lib/python3.6/site-packages/icu/__init__.py", line 37, in <module>
  from _icu import *
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/siddharthdas/venvs/chai/lib/python3.6/site-packages/_icu.cpython-36m-darwin.so, 2): Symbol not found: __ZNK6icu_6114Transliterator12getTargetSetERNS_10UnicodeSetE
 Referenced from: /Users/siddharthdas/venvs/chai/lib/python3.6/site-packages/_icu.cpython-36m-darwin.so
 Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/siddharthdas/venvs/chai/lib/python3.6/site-packages/_icu.cpython-36m-darwin.so

在ubuntu 14.0上：

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 File "/home/hackathon/venvs/grey_worm/lib/python3.4/site-packages/icu/__init__.py", line 37, in <module>
  from _icu import *
ImportError: libicui18n.so.58: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Answer 1

在我的Mac High Sierra中从源代码构建和安装pyicu时，我有相同的经验。

错误消息Symbol not found: __ZNK6icu_6114Transliterator12getTargetSetERNS_10UnicodeSetE是我们正在使用的ICU版本与构建软件包时实际使用的版本之间共享库不匹配的标志（Mac在/usr/library/libicucore.dylib中有内置的ICU库 - 我怀疑它在构建过程中被用作默认值）。

所以，我做了以下操作以使pyicu启动并运行正确的icu lib：

1. 使用自制软件删除并重新安装icu4c（brew remove icu4c和brew install icu4c）
2. 在标准路径中创建icu-config符号链接（ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/icu4c/61.1/bin/icu-config /usr/local/bin/icu-config）
3. 从repo克隆pyicu，编辑setup.py文件并填写INCLUDES，CFLAGS，LFLAGS，LIBRARIES部分下的'darwin'条目如下：

   INCLUDES = {
       'darwin': ['/usr/local/Cellar/icu4c/61.1/include']
   }
   
   CFLAGS = {
       'darwin': ['-DPYICU_VER="%s"' %(VERSION), '-std=c++11']
   }
   
   LFLAGS = {
       'darwin': ['-L/usr/local/Cellar/icu4c/61.1/lib']
   }
   
   LIBRARIES = {
       'darwin': ['/usr/local/Cellar/icu4c/61.1/lib']
   }

4. 构建并安装包，即python3 setup.py build和python3 setup.py install

注意：如果您以前尝试过（不成功）构建软件包，请确保在重建之前先清理build/目录的内容，因为构建过程似乎在创建新构建文件时会看到填充的目录以前版本的文件。

Answer 2

在macOS（64.2）上针对python2.7安装pycu最新版本的时候我在setup.py上做了如上所述：

INCLUDES = {
    'darwin': ['/usr/local/Cellar/icu4c/64.2'],
    'linux': [],
    'freebsd': ['/usr/local/include'],
    'win32': ['c:/icu/include'],
    'sunos5': [],
    'cygwin': [],
}

CFLAGS = {
    'darwin': ['-DPYICU_VER="%s"' %(VERSION), '-std=c++11'],
    'linux': [],
    'freebsd': ['-std=c++11'],
    'win32': ['/Zc:wchar_t', '/EHsc'],
    'sunos5': ['-std=c++11'],
    'cygwin': ['-D_GNU_SOURCE=1', '-std=c++11'],
}

LFLAGS = {
    'darwin': ['-L/usr/local/Cellar/icu4c/64.2/lib'],
    'linux': [],
    'freebsd': ['-L/usr/local/lib'],
    'win32': ['/LIBPATH:c:/icu/lib'],
    'sunos5': [],
    'cygwin': [],
}

LIBRARIES = {
    'darwin': ['/usr/local/Cellar/icu4c/64.2/lib'],
    'linux': [],
    'freebsd': ['icui18n', 'icuuc', 'icudata'],
    'win32': ['icuin', 'icuuc', 'icudt'],
    'sunos5': ['icui18n', 'icuuc', 'icudata'],
    'cygwin': ['icui18n', 'icuuc', 'icudata'],
}

并为构建：

CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/icu4c/include LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/icu4c/lib python setup.py build
python setup.py install

然后我安装了PyICU 2.3.1：

Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyICU-2.3.1-py2.7-macosx-10.14-x86_64.egg
Processing dependencies for PyICU==2.3.1
Finished processing dependencies for PyICU==2.3.1