尝试运行 rpy2 会导致错误 0x7e，并且找不到“sh”命令

Question

我已经在 cmd 中使用“pip install rpy2”安装了 R，然后安装了 rpy2。运行网上找到的随机简单 rpy2 代码示例后，我收到此错误消息（此错误消息实际上是由 cmd 中的“python -m rpy2.situation”生成的，因为 vscode 中的错误消息是此错误消息的较小版本，信息较少）：

C:\Users\richardg>python -m rpy2.situation
rpy2 version:
3.5.13
Python version:
3.11.3 (tags/v3.11.3:f3909b8, Apr  4 2023, 23:49:59) [MSC v.1934 64 bit (AMD64)]
Looking for R's HOME:
    Environment variable R_HOME: C:\Program Files\R\R-4.3.1
    InstallPath in the registry: C:\Program Files\R\R-4.3.1
    Environment variable R_USER: C:\Program Files\R\r_user_directory_path
    Environment variable R_LIBS_USER: C:\Program Files\R\r_libs_user
R version:
    In the PATH: R version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16 ucrt) -- "Beagle Scouts"
    Loading R library from rpy2: cannot load library 'C:\Program Files\R\R-4.3.1\bin\x64\R.dll': error 0x7e
Additional directories to load R packages from:
None
C extension compilation:
'sh' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
    Warning: Unable to get R compilation flags.
Directory for the R shared library:
'sh' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "C:\Users\richardg\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\rpy2\situation.py", line 496, in <module>
    for row in iter_info():
  File "C:\Users\richardg\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\rpy2\situation.py", line 454, in iter_info
    yield get_r_libnn(r_home)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\richardg\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\rpy2\situation.py", line 263, in get_r_libnn
    return _get_r_cmd_config(r_home, 'LIBnn',
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\richardg\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\rpy2\situation.py", line 246, in _get_r_cmd_config
    output = subprocess.check_output(
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_3.11.1008.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\Lib\subprocess.py", line 466, in check_output
    return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_3.11.1008.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\Lib\subprocess.py", line 571, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '('C:\\Program Files\\R\\R-4.3.1\\bin\\x64\\R', 'CMD', 'config', 'LIBnn')' returned non-zero exit status 1.

我从尝试解决此问题的徒劳尝试中得到的结论是，这里有两件事很重要：

1. 加载 R.dll 时出现错误 0x7e 从 rpy2 加载 R 库：无法加载库 'C:\Program Files\R\R-4.3.1 in\x64\R.dll'：错误 0x7e
2. 'sh' 不被识别为内部或外部命令， 可运行的程序或批处理文件。

我尝试过的 关于1.-

• 检查 R.dll 是否真的存在（确实存在）
• 尝试运行并使用 R 本身（它有效）

关于2.-

• 检查“sh”无法识别是本地 rpy2 问题还是全局问题
  • 这是 rpy2 问题，运行了建议并有效的：

import ctypes

def main():
    print("Hello from Python!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()