Angular / RxJS - 只调用一次AJAX请求,否则发出Observable的当前值

问题描述 投票:3回答:3

我试图向用户显示他们可以添加的“报告”列表,这些报告需要多个AJAX请求和observable的组合 - 一个请求api找到他们可以访问的'应用程序',然后多个请求到定义每个应用程序的端点。完成此步骤后,我再也不需要再发出ajax请求了。

我有一些工作,但我真的不明白它,我觉得应该有一个更容易的方法来做到这一点。

我现在有一些工作代码,但是,我发现它过于复杂,很难理解我是如何工作的。

private _applications: ReplaySubject<Application>;
private _applicationReports: ReplaySubject<ApplicationReports>;

// Ajax request to fetch which applications user has access to
public fetchApplications(): Observable<Application[]> {
    return this._http.get('api/applications').pipe(
        map(http => {
            const applications = http['applications'] as Application[];
            applications.forEach(app => this._applications.next(app));
            this._applications.complete();
            return applications;
        })
    );
}

// Returns an observable that contains all the applications
// a user has access to
public getApplications(): Observable<Application> {
    if (!this._applications) {
        this._applications = new ReplaySubject();
        this.fetchApplications().subscribe();
    }
    return this._applications.asObservable();
}

// Returns an observable which shows all the reports a user has
// from all the application they can access
public getApplicationReports(): Observable<ApplicationReports> {
    if (!this._applicationReports) {
        this._applicationReports = new ReplaySubject();
        this.getApplications().pipe(
            mergeMap((app: Application) => {
                return this._http.get(url.resolve(app.Url, 'api/reports')).pipe(
                    map(http => {
                        const reports: Report[] = http['data'];

                        // double check reports is an array to avoid future errors
                        if (!reports || !Array.isArray(reports)) {
                            throw new Error(`${app.Name} did not return proper reports url format: ${http}`);
                        }
                        return [app, reports];
                    }),
                    catchError((err) => new Observable())
                );
            })
        ).subscribe(data => {
            if (data) {
                const application: Application = data[0];
                const reports: Report[] = data[1];

                // need to normalize all report urls here
                reports.forEach(report => {
                    report.Url = url.resolve(application.Url, report.Url);
                });

                const applicationReports = new ApplicationReports();
                applicationReports.Application = application;
                applicationReports.Reports = reports;

                this._applicationReports.next(applicationReports);
            }
        }, (error) => {
            console.log(error);
        }, () => {
            this._applicationReports.complete();
        });
    }
    return this._applicationReports.asObservable();
}

预期功能:

当用户打开“添加报告”组件时,应用程序将启动一系列ajax调用以获取用户拥有的所有应用程序,以及来自这些应用程序的所有报告。完成所有ajax请求后,用户将看到可以选择添加的报告列表。如果用户第二次打开“添加报告”组件,则他们已经拥有报告列表,并且应用程序不需要发送更多的ajax请求。

ajax angular rxjs observable rxjs6
3个回答
1
投票

答案取决于应用程序的整体架构。如果您遵循Redux风格的体系结构(ngrx in Angular),那么您可以通过缓存商店中的API响应来解决此问题,即LoadApplicationsAction => Store => Component(s)

在此流程中,您加载应用程序列表的请求和每个应用程序的详细信息仅发生一次。

如果您没有实现这样的架构,那么相同的原则仍然适用,但您的构造/实现会发生变化。根据您的代码示例,您处于正确的轨道上。您可以shareReplay(1) fetchApplications的响应,它基本上将源发出的最新值重播给未来的订阅者。或者类似地,您可以将结果存储在BehaviorSubject中,从而获得类似的结果。

Suggestions

无论您是否选择实施ngrx,都可以简化Rx代码。如果我理解您的预期结果,您只是试图向用户显示Report对象的列表。如果是这种情况,你可以这样做(未经测试,但应该得到正确的结果):

public fetchApplicationReports(): Observable<Report[]> {
  return this._http.get('api/application').pipe(
    mergeMap(apps => from(apps).pipe(
      mergeMap(app => this._http.get(url.resolve(app.Url, 'api/reports'))
    ),
    concatAll()
  )
}

1
投票

使用shareReplay(1)在内部使用ReplaySubject可以实现简单的缓存。

如果您想将所有ApplicationReports放在一个数组中而不需要一个接一个地发出它们,您可以使用forkJoin同时发送多个请求。

最终的代码可能如下所示。

private applicationReportsCache$: Observable<ApplicationReports[]>;

constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

getAllApplicationReports(): Observable<ApplicationReports[]> {
  if (!this.applicationReportsCache$) {
    this.applicationReportsCache$ = this.requestAllApplicationReports().pipe(
      shareReplay(1)
    );
  }

  return this.applicationReportsCache$;
}

private requestAllApplicationReports(): Observable<ApplicationReports[]> {
  return this.http.get('api/applications').pipe(
    map(http => http['applications'] as Application[]),
    mergeMap(apps =>
      forkJoin(apps.map(app =>
        this.http.get(url.resolve(app.Url, 'api/reports')).pipe(
          map(http => {
            const reports: Report[] = http['data'];
            // double check reports is an array to avoid future errors
            if (!reports || !Array.isArray(reports)) {
              throw new Error(`${app.Name} did not return proper reports url format: ${http}`);
            }
            // need to normalize all report urls here
            reports.forEach(report => {
              report.Url = url.resolve(application.Url, report.Url);
            });
            const applicationReports = new ApplicationReports();
            applicationReports.Application = app;
            applicationReports.Reports = reports;
            return applicationReports;
          }),
          catchError(err => of('ERROR'))
        )
      )))
  );
}

0
投票

谢谢大家的建议。我更了解发生了什么,并且肯定清理了很多代码。当任何应用程序报告ajax请求出错时,很难理解如何继续流,但是,catchError()和filter()的组合解决了这个问题。

private _reports: Observable<Report[]>;
public getReports() {
    if (!this._reports) {
        this._reports = this.fetchApplications().pipe(
            mergeMap((applications) => from(applications).pipe(
                mergeMap((application) => this.fetchApplicationReports(application).pipe(
                    catchError(error => {
                        return of('error');
                    })
                )),
                filter(result => {
                    return result !== 'error';
                })
            )),
            toArray(),
            shareReplay(1)
        );
    }
    return this._reports;
}

private fetchApplications(): Observable<Application[]> {
    return this._http.get(this._gnetUtilsService.getGnetUrl('api/gnet/applications')).pipe(
        map(http => http['applications'] as Application[]
    );
}

private fetchApplicationReports(app: Application): Observable<Report[]> {
    return this._http.get(url.resolve(app.Url, 'api/reports')).pipe(
        map(http => http['data'] as Report[])
    );
}

我学到的一些东西:

  • mergeMap()和from()与fetchApplications()observable将Application []转换为每个应用程序的流,以便我可以为每个应用程序调用ajax请求
  • fetchApplicationReports()observable中的catchError()阻止observable结束,而父filter()只是忽略所有不成功的请求
  • toArray()将所有发出的Report []组合成一个数组
  • 存储observable并使用shareReplay(1)确保任何后续订阅只接收第一个结果而不再重新启动ajax请求

我想我可以再清理一下,但是到目前为止一切都按照我的预期工作 - 调用getReports()的第一个组件启动所有ajax请求,所有错误的请求都被处理掉并且从未发出,所有组件之后获得最终结果,而不会产生更多的ajax请求。

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