如何删除带有约束的列？

Question

如何删除 SQL Server 2008 中具有默认约束的列？

我的查询是

alter table tbloffers
drop column checkin

我遇到以下错误

ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN 签入失败，因为一个或多个对象访问此列。

任何人都可以更正我的查询以删除带有约束的列吗？

Answer 1

首先你应该删除有问题的

DEFAULT constraint

，然后你可以删除该列

alter table tbloffers drop constraint [ConstraintName]
go

alter table tbloffers drop column checkin

但是错误可能是由其他原因导致的 - 例如用户定义的函数或视图设置了

SCHEMABINDING

选项。

更新： 完全自动删除约束脚本：

DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX)
WHILE 1=1
BEGIN
    SELECT TOP 1 @sql = N'alter table tbloffers drop constraint ['+dc.NAME+N']'
    from sys.default_constraints dc
    JOIN sys.columns c
        ON c.default_object_id = dc.object_id
    WHERE 
        dc.parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('tbloffers')
    AND c.name = N'checkin'
    IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BREAK
    EXEC (@sql)
END

Answer 2

这是删除名称未知的默认约束的另一种方法，而无需先运行单独的查询来获取约束名称：

DECLARE @ConstraintName nvarchar(200)
SELECT @ConstraintName = Name FROM SYS.DEFAULT_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE PARENT_OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('__TableName__')
AND PARENT_COLUMN_ID = (SELECT column_id FROM sys.columns
                        WHERE NAME = N'__ColumnName__'
                        AND object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'__TableName__'))
IF @ConstraintName IS NOT NULL
EXEC('ALTER TABLE __TableName__ DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @ConstraintName)

Answer 3

您还可以在单个语句中而不是单独删除列及其约束。

CREATE TABLE #T
  (
     Col1 INT CONSTRAINT UQ UNIQUE CONSTRAINT CK CHECK (Col1 > 5),
     Col2 INT
  )

ALTER TABLE #T DROP CONSTRAINT UQ , 
                    CONSTRAINT CK, 
                    COLUMN Col1


DROP TABLE #T 

一些动态 SQL 将查找依赖检查约束和默认约束的名称并将它们与列一起删除，如下所示

（但不是其他可能的列依赖项，例如外键、唯一键和主键约束、计算列、索引）

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestTable]
(
A INT DEFAULT '1' CHECK (A=1),
B INT,
CHECK (A > B)
)

GO

DECLARE @TwoPartTableNameQuoted nvarchar(500) = '[dbo].[TestTable]',
        @ColumnNameUnQuoted sysname = 'A',
        @DynSQL NVARCHAR(MAX);

SELECT @DynSQL =
     'ALTER TABLE ' + @TwoPartTableNameQuoted + ' DROP' + 
      ISNULL(' CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(c.default_object_id)) + ',','') + 
      ISNULL(check_constraints,'') + 
      '  COLUMN ' + QUOTENAME(@ColumnNameUnQuoted)
FROM   sys.columns c
       CROSS APPLY (SELECT ' CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(referencing_id)) + ','
                    FROM   sys.sql_expression_dependencies
                    WHERE  referenced_id = c.object_id
                           AND referenced_minor_id = c.column_id
                           AND OBJECTPROPERTYEX(referencing_id, 'BaseType') = 'C'
                    FOR XML PATH('')) ck(check_constraints)
WHERE  c.object_id = object_id(@TwoPartTableNameQuoted)
       AND c.name = @ColumnNameUnQuoted;

PRINT @DynSQL;
EXEC (@DynSQL); 

Answer 4

在此处查找此查询的默认约束：

SELECT
    df.name 'Constraint Name' ,
    t.name 'Table Name',
    c.NAME 'Column Name'
FROM sys.default_constraints df
INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON df.parent_object_id = t.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON df.parent_object_id = c.object_id AND df.parent_column_id = c.column_id

这将为您提供默认约束的名称，以及表和列的名称。

当您获得该信息时，您需要首先删除默认约束：

ALTER TABLE dbo.YourTable
DROP CONSTRAINT name-of-the-default-constraint-here

然后你可以删除该列

ALTER TABLE dbo.YourTable DROP COLUMN YourColumn

Answer 5

更简单一点的通过表名和列名删除约束：

DECLARE @ConstraintName NVARCHAR(100)
SELECT @ConstraintName = OBJECT_NAME([default_object_id])
FROM SYS.COLUMNS
WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('[my_table_name]') AND [name] = 'my_column_name';
EXEC('ALTER TABLE [my_table_name] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @ConstraintName)

Answer 6

以下内容对我来说适用于 SQL Azure 后端（使用 SQL Server Management Studio），所以 YMMV，但是，如果它适合您，那么它比其他解决方案简单得多。

ALTER TABLE MyTable
    DROP CONSTRAINT FK_MyColumn
    CONSTRAINT DK_MyColumn
    -- etc...
    COLUMN MyColumn
GO

Answer 7

根据前面的答案，我将其添加为存储过程，以简化在附加约束时删除列的过程

CREATE OR ALTER PROC DROP_COLUMN(@TableName nvarchar(200), @ColumnName nvarchar(200))
AS 
BEGIN 
    DECLARE @ConstraintName nvarchar(200)
    SELECT @ConstraintName = Name FROM SYS.DEFAULT_CONSTRAINTS
    
    WHERE PARENT_OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
    AND PARENT_COLUMN_ID = (SELECT column_id FROM sys.columns
                            WHERE NAME = @ColumnName
                            AND object_id = OBJECT_ID(@TableName))
    IF @ConstraintName IS NOT NULL
    EXEC('ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @ConstraintName)
    EXEC('ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+' DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS ' + @ColumnName)
END

GO 
--example:
EXEC DROP_COLUMN N'VEHICLES', N'SCMT'
EXEC DROP_COLUMN N'VEHICLES', N'SSC'
EXEC DROP_COLUMN N'VEHICLES', N'RS'
EXEC DROP_COLUMN N'VEHICLES', N'RCEC'
 
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS DROP_COLUMN 

Answer 8

我已将脚本更新为我的 SQL Server 版本

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(max)

SELECT @sql = 'ALTER TABLE `table_name` DROP CONSTRAINT ' + df.NAME 
FROM sys.default_constraints df
  INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON df.parent_object_id = t.object_id
  INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON df.parent_object_id = c.object_id AND df.parent_column_id = c.column_id
where t.name = 'table_name' and c.name = 'column_name'

EXEC sp_executeSql @sql
GO

ALTER TABLE table_name
  DROP COLUMN column_name;

Answer 9

我也得到了同样的结果：

ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN 失败，因为一个或多个对象访问此列 消息。

我的列有一个索引，需要先删除。使用 sys.indexes 成功了：

DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(max)

SELECT @sql = 'DROP INDEX ' + idx.NAME + ' ON tblName'
FROM sys.indexes idx
INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON idx.object_id = tbl.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns idxCol ON idx.index_id = idxCol.index_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
WHERE idx.type <> 0
    AND tbl.NAME = 'tblName'
    AND col.NAME = 'colName'

EXEC sp_executeSql @sql
GO

ALTER TABLE tblName
DROP COLUMN colName

Answer 10

它并不总是只是阻止删除列的默认约束，有时索引也可以阻止您删除约束。 因此，我编写了一个过程，删除列上的任何索引或约束，并在最后删除该列本身。

IF OBJECT_ID ('ADM_delete_column', 'P') IS NOT NULL
   DROP procedure ADM_delete_column;
GO

CREATE procedure ADM_delete_column
    @table_name_in  nvarchar(300)
,   @column_name_in nvarchar(300)
AS 
BEGIN
    /*  Author: Matthis ([email protected] at 2019.07.20)
        License CC BY (creativecommons.org)
        Desc:   Administrative procedure that drops columns at MS SQL Server
                - if there is an index or constraint on the column 
                    that will be dropped in advice
                => input parameters are TABLE NAME and COLUMN NAME as STRING
    */
    SET NOCOUNT ON

    --drop index if exist (search first if there is a index on the column)
    declare @idx_name VARCHAR(100)
    SELECT  top 1 @idx_name = i.name
    from    sys.tables t
    join    sys.columns c
    on      t.object_id = c.object_id
    join    sys.index_columns ic
    on      c.object_id = ic.object_id
    and     c.column_id = ic.column_id
    join    sys.indexes i
    on      i.object_id = ic.object_id
    and     i.index_id = ic.index_id
    where   t.name like @table_name_in
    and     c.name like @column_name_in
    if      @idx_name is not null
    begin 
        print concat('DROP INDEX ', @idx_name, ' ON ', @table_name_in)
        exec ('DROP INDEX ' + @idx_name + ' ON ' + @table_name_in)
    end

    --drop fk constraint if exist (search first if there is a constraint on the column)
    declare @fk_name VARCHAR(100)
    SELECT  top 1 @fk_name = CONSTRAINT_NAME 
    from    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE
    where   TABLE_NAME like @table_name_in
    and     COLUMN_NAME like @column_name_in
    if      @fk_name is not null
    begin 
        print concat('ALTER TABLE ', @table_name_in, ' DROP CONSTRAINT ', @fk_name)
        exec ('ALTER TABLE ' + @table_name_in + ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @fk_name)
    end

    --drop column if exist
    declare @column_name VARCHAR(100)
    SELECT  top 1 @column_name = COLUMN_NAME 
    FROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
    WHERE   COLUMN_NAME like concat('%',@column_name_in,'%')
    if  @column_name is not null
    begin 
        print concat('ALTER TABLE ', @table_name_in, ' DROP COLUMN ', @column_name)
        exec ('ALTER TABLE ' + @table_name_in + ' DROP COLUMN ' + @column_name)
    end
end;
GO


--to run the procedure use this execute and fill the parameters 
execute ADM_delete_column 
    @table_name_in  = ''
,   @column_name_in = ''
    ;

Answer 11

在SQL-Server中使用设计工具：

SQL Server 中有一些内置工具可以让开发人员的生活变得轻松。

重现问题

CREATE TABLE demo..Person (
    PersonID int default 0,
    LastName varchar(255),
)

-- Dropping the Column

alter table demo..Person drop column PersonID

错误

The object 'DF__Person__PersonID__0DE74436' is dependent on column 'PersonID'.
Msg 4922, Level 16, State 9, Line 8
ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN PersonID failed because one or more objects access this column.

解决方案：

使用SQL Server 2019设计工具的解决方案。

Answer 12

@chris-halcrow 的 answer 确实很棒，但到 2024 年就不再起作用了。 这是相同版本的更新版本。

更新2024 Sql Server V2019

DECLARE @ConstraintName NVARCHAR(200)
SELECT @ConstraintName = name FROM SYS.default_constraints WHERE object_id = (
    SELECT default_object_id FROM sys.columns WHERE name = '<ColumnName>'
)
IF @ConstraintName IS NOT NULL
    EXEC('ALTER TABLE <TableName> DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @ConstraintName)