需要帮助：https://www.website.com重定向到https://website.com无效

Question

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我想将website.com重定向到website.com。目前，我可以将website.com和website.com重定向到website.com。我知道RewriteRule仅适用于最后一个先前的RewriteCond，但是实际上，当2个RewriteRule跟随在块内或2个RewriteCond在块内彼此紧随其后时，我真的不知道它是如何工作的。如果有人可以向我解释这个问题的解决方案，它比解决方案本身更重要，那就太好了，我只是想更好地理解而不是简单地写一条线。问候

[我就https://www.website.com到https://website.com的重定向发表以下帖子：

Issue with Let's Encrypt certificate : https://www.website.com not working with redirection to https://website.com

我无法实现这种重定向，我也不明白是什么原因。

如果我键入https://www.website.com，它将保留在https://www.website.com上，并且不执行重定向到https://website.com的操作。

我的配置在使用Apache2的Zope服务器上有点特殊。

目前，这是我的重写规则（http://www.website.com和http//website.com都被正确地重定向到https://website.com）：

<VirtualHost *:443>

    # REWRITE to get https://www.website.com to https://website.com except for cgi-bin scripts
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/search [NC]
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/awstats [NC]
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)  https://localhost:8443/++vh++https:%{SERVER_NAME}:443/++/$1 [P,L]

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

# www to non www for HTTP and HTTPS
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/www\. [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/podcast [NC]
# Rewrite below works : redirect 80 => https
RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://website.com/$1 [R=301,L]

RewriteRule ^/(.*)  http://localhost:9674/++vh++http:%{SERVER_NAME}:80/++/$1 [P,L]

</IfModule>

</VirtualHost>

[如果有人可以看到怎么了？问候

Answer 1

我相信有few things of note：

1. 一个或多个RewriteCond可以在RewriteRule指令之前。然后，仅当URI的当前状态都与它的模式匹配并且满足这些条件时，才使用以下规则。
2. RewriteRule指令......可以多次出现，每个实例定义一个重写规则。定义这些规则的顺序很重要-这是它们在运行时应用的顺序。
3. 在VirtualHost上下文中，模式将首先与主机名和端口之后，查询字符串之前的URL部分匹配（例如“ /app1/index.html”）。这是（％解码的）URL路径。
4. 如果要与主机名，端口或查询字符串匹配，请分别将RewriteCond与％{HTTP_HOST}，％{SERVER_PORT}或％{QUERY_STRING}变量一起使用。

您还使用L|last标志，这使引擎在运行RewriteRule之后停止处理其他规则。

上面的排序使您了解了引擎如何运行您的重写：

[RewriteRules被顺序处理（除非您指定对所有规则都执行的L标志）]
1. 每个RewriteRule可以有多个RewriteCond，所有这些都必须匹配，然后才考虑RewriteRule。这也意味着必须分别为每个RewriteCond重复RewriteRule（但是有一个interesting technique将RewriteRules分组为if-then-else块）
2. 在您的情况下（VirtualHost上下文），默认情况下，仅URL路径是匹配的，除非您手动匹配HTTP_HOST变量。

考虑到这一点，我发现您的重写规则存在一些问题（为了方便阅读，我交换了http和https虚拟主机，但这并不重要）：

<VirtualHost *:80> <!-- your http:// requests will end up with this block, because 80 is the port for http -->
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    # www to non www for HTTP and HTTPS <!-- I believe HTTPS traffic is NOT handled by this vhost at all, it arrives straight to *:443 queue -->
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/www\. [NC,OR] <!-- you evaluate path component of your request uri to begin with "www." (i.e. /www.index.html) - this will obviously never match, you however have OR flag, which proceeds to the second condition -->
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/podcast [NC] <!-- you check if the path does not start with "/podcast" - this is easy to test - try http://www.website.com/podcast and see if you get redirected to HTTPS - I suspect you will not -->
    # Rewrite below works : redirect 80 => https <!-- I suspect it works by accident, please test it out with http://www.website.com/podcast to confirm my theory -->
    RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://website.com/$1 [R=301,L] <!-- we end up here, and regardless of the requested path we issue a 301 redirect to https version of the website. This is marked as Last rule, so the engine should stop processing here -->
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)  http://localhost:9674/++vh++http:%{SERVER_NAME}:80/++/$1 [P,L] <!-- this I believe kicks in when you request a "/podcast" path - this will proxy the request to your http://localhost:9674/ -->
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443><!-- this is where your 301 redirect will com after bouncing through first set of rules above -->
    # REWRITE to get https://www.website.com to https://website.com except for cgi-bin scripts
    RewriteEngine On <!-- this is important, keep it on -->
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/search [NC] <!-- you check whether url path does not contain /cgi-bin/search -->
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/awstats [NC]<!-- AND does not contain /cgi-bin/awstats-->
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)  https://localhost:8443/++vh++https:%{SERVER_NAME}:443/++/$1 [P,L]<!-- if both conditions above are met - proxy the request to backend and stop further processing. -->
</VirtualHost>

据我所知-没有重写https://www.website.com -> https://website.com的规则，https重写检查的唯一位是/cgi-bin
我的建议将遵循以下几行（它可能不是复制粘贴的解决方案，但希望您能掌握要点）：
<VirtualHost *:443>    
    RewriteEngine On
    # www to non www for HTTPS
    <!-- checking for the same thing again -->
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+) [NC]
    RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://website.com/$1 [R=301,L] <!-- some people might argue second redirect here is excessive since you already arrived at correct host, but I'd leave this for you to sort out -->
    <!-- your /cgi-bin checks can be merged into one regex --> 
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/(search|awstats) [NC]
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)  https://localhost:8443/++vh++https:%{SERVER_NAME}:443/++/$1 [P,L]
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    # www to non www for HTTP
    <!-- if you want to keep your `/podcast` on http check it first -->
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/podcast [NC]
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)  http://localhost:9674/++vh++http:%{SERVER_NAME}:80/++/$1 [P,L]
    <!-- everything else will get redirected to https -->
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+) [NC]
    RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://website.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>