Python：查找循环组的所有生成器

Question

以$ n $的顺序接受一个循环组$ \ mathbb {Z} _n $。元素是：

$$ \ mathbb {Z} _n = {1,2，...，n-1} $$。

对于每个元素，我们将它们称为a，您测试是否

$$ a ^ x \ pmod n $$

为我们提供$ \ mathbb {Z} _n $中的所有数字； x是从1到n-1的所有数字。如果元素确实生成了我们整个组，则它是生成器。

我需要一个程序来获取组的顺序并退还所有生成器。这是我尝试过的：

import math
active = True

def test(a,b):
    a.sort()
    b.sort()

    return a == b

while active:
    order = input("Order of the cyclic group: ")
    print
    group = []
    for i in range(order-1):
        group.append(i+1)

    res = []
    for x in group:
        foo = []
        foo.append(x)
        for y in group:
            foo.append((x**y) % order)
        if(test(group,foo)):
            res.append(res,foo,axis=0)

    print res

可悲的是，它返回了一个空列表。

Answer 1

您可以进行的一项更改是使用集而不是列表来存储结果，这使得比较它们更加容易。

def generators(n):
    s = set(range(1, n))
    results = []
    for a in s:
        g = set()
        for x in s:
            g.add((a**x) % n)
        if g == s:
            results.append(a)
    return results

for i in range(100):
    gens = generators(i)
    if gens:
        print(f"Z_{i} has generators {gens}")

打印

Z_2 has generators [1]
Z_3 has generators [2]
Z_5 has generators [2, 3]
Z_7 has generators [3, 5]
Z_11 has generators [2, 6, 7, 8]
Z_13 has generators [2, 6, 7, 11]
Z_17 has generators [3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14]
Z_19 has generators [2, 3, 10, 13, 14, 15]
Z_23 has generators [5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21]
Z_29 has generators [2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 26, 27]
Z_31 has generators [3, 11, 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 24]
Z_37 has generators [2, 5, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 32, 35]
Z_41 has generators [6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35]
Z_43 has generators [3, 5, 12, 18, 19, 20, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34]
Z_47 has generators [5, 10, 11, 13, 15, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45]
Z_53 has generators [2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 41, 45, 48, 50, 51]
Z_59 has generators [2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 23, 24, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56]
Z_61 has generators [2, 6, 7, 10, 17, 18, 26, 30, 31, 35, 43, 44, 51, 54, 55, 59]
Z_67 has generators [2, 7, 11, 12, 13, 18, 20, 28, 31, 32, 34, 41, 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 57, 61, 63]
Z_71 has generators [7, 11, 13, 21, 22, 28, 31, 33, 35, 42, 44, 47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 61, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69]
Z_73 has generators [5, 11, 13, 14, 15, 20, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 53, 58, 59, 60, 62, 68]
Z_79 has generators [3, 6, 7, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 37, 39, 43, 47, 48, 53, 54, 59, 60, 63, 66, 68, 70, 74, 75, 77]
Z_83 has generators [2, 5, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 32, 34, 35, 39, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 66, 67, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 79, 80]
Z_89 has generators [3, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43, 46, 48, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 74, 75, 76, 82, 83, 86]
Z_97 has generators [5, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 21, 23, 26, 29, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 68, 71, 74, 76, 80, 82, 83, 84, 87, 90, 92]