为什么海龟在第一次迭代中没有将组件定位在正确的位置

Question

我正在使用Pyscripter ide，但也在vscode中使用同样的输出问题。

我从一开始就期待这一点（即第一次迭代）
enter image description here

但它却是这样的
enter image description here

此 Python 脚本使用 Turtle 模块来模拟交通灯。以下是其工作原理的详细说明：

绘图函数：定义了多个函数来绘制交通灯场景的不同元素，例如天空、云、道路、草地、交通灯杆和文本。
draw_sky(x, y)：绘制蓝天矩形。
draw_cloud(x, y)：在指定位置绘制云。
draw_lawn(x, y)：绘制绿色草坪。
draw_road(x, y)：绘制一条黑色道路。
draw_road_lines(x, y)：在道路上绘制白线来模拟道路标记。
draw_pole(x, y)：绘制交通灯的灰色杆。
draw_box(x, y)：为交通灯绘制一个黑框。
draw_text(x, y, message)：在指定位置写入文本。
draw_traffic_light(x, y, active_light)：绘制交通灯本身。它调用其他绘图函数来构建场景。
simulate_traffic_light()：此函数连续循环显示交通灯颜色（红色、黄色、绿色），每次更改之间有 2 秒的延迟。
close_window()：关闭 Turtle 图形窗口。
设置和主循环：设置尺寸为600x760像素的Turtle窗口，设置标题和背景颜色，隐藏turtle光标，将速度设置为0（最快），监听'c'键关闭窗口，并开始交通灯模拟。
主执行：调用Turtle模块的
```
mainloop()
```
函数，该函数使窗口保持打开状态并响应事件。

此脚本演示了如何使用 Turtle 模块在 Python 中创建简单的动画和绘图。这是代码

import turtle
import time

def draw_filled_circle(color, radius):
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor(color)
turtle.circle(radius)
turtle.end_fill()

def draw_sky(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x , y)
turtle.goto(x + 300, y - 10)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("sky blue")
turtle.begin_fill()
for \_ in range(2):
turtle.forward(600)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(400)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.end_fill()

def draw_cloud(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("white")
turtle.begin_fill()
for \_ in range(6):
turtle.circle(30, extent=180)
turtle.right(120)
turtle.end_fill()

def draw_lawn(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x + 300, y)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("green")
turtle.begin_fill()
for \_ in range(2):
turtle.forward(600)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(200)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.end_fill()

def draw_road(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x + 300 , y - 170)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
for \_ in range(2):
turtle.forward(600)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(200)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.end_fill()

def draw_road_lines(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x - 300, y - 270)
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("white")
turtle.width(5)
for \_ in range(20):
turtle.forward(20)
turtle.penup()
turtle.forward(10)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.penup()

def draw_pole(x, y):
turtle.goto(x - 8, y - 170)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor("gray")
turtle.setheading(90)
turtle.forward(150)
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.forward(20)
turtle.setheading(-90)
turtle.forward(150)
turtle.setheading(180)
turtle.forward(20)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()

def draw_box(x, y):
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.goto(x + 38, y + 85)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor("black")
for \_ in range(2):
turtle.forward(75)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(150)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()

def draw_text(x, y, message):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x, y + 150)
turtle.color("black")
turtle.write(message, align="center", font=("Calibri", 20, "normal"))

def draw_traffic_light(x, y, active_light):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x, y)

    draw_sky(x, y)
    draw_lawn(x, y)
    draw_cloud(150, 180)
    draw_cloud(-50, 330)
    draw_cloud(-250, 180)
    draw_road(x, y)
    draw_road_lines(x, y)
    draw_pole(x, y)
    draw_box(x, y)
    
    turtle.goto(x + 2, y + 75)
    if active_light == "red":
        draw_filled_circle("red", 20)
        draw_text(x, y, "STOP!")
    else:
        draw_filled_circle("gray", 20)
    
    turtle.goto(x + 2, y + 30)
    if active_light == "yellow":
        draw_filled_circle("yellow", 20)
        draw_text(x, y, "Get Ready!!")
    else:
        draw_filled_circle("gray", 20)
    
    turtle.goto(x + 2, y - 15)
    if active_light == "green":
        draw_filled_circle("green", 20)
        draw_text(x, y, "Let's GO !!!")
    else:
        draw_filled_circle("gray", 20)

def simulate_traffic_light():
while True:
turtle.clear()
draw_traffic_light(0, 0, "red")
time.sleep(2)
turtle.clear()
draw_traffic_light(0, 0, "yellow")
time.sleep(2)
turtle.clear()
draw_traffic_light(0, 0, "green")
time.sleep(2)

def close_window():
turtle.bye()

turtle.setup(width=600, height=760)
turtle.title("Traffic Light Simulation \['c' to quit\]")
turtle.bgcolor("grey")
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.speed(0)
turtle.onkey(close_window, "c")
turtle.listen()
simulate_traffic_light()
turtle.mainloop()

Answer 1

我在您的代码中看到一些问题：

在较高级别时，交通灯以错误的顺序打开。不是“红 -> 黄 -> 绿 -> 红”，而是“红 -> 绿 -> 黄 -> 红”。

要更改点亮的灯光，您需要重新绘制整个场景。我们只需要用单独的乌龟重新绘制交通灯本身。

您使用的是

while True:

，它在像乌龟这样的事件驱动世界中没有地位。请改用海龟的

ontimer()

方法。

下面是通过上述更改和其他小调整重新思考您的代码：

from turtle import Screen, Turtle

def draw_filled_circle(color, radius):
    light.fillcolor(color)
    light.begin_fill()
    light.circle(radius)
    light.end_fill()

def draw_cloud(x, y):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(x + 45, y - 30)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color("white")
    turtle.begin_fill()

    for _ in range(6):
        turtle.circle(30, extent=180)
        turtle.right(120)

    turtle.end_fill()

def draw_lawn():
    width = screen.window_width()

    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-width/2, 0)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color("green")
    turtle.begin_fill()

    for _ in range(2):
        turtle.forward(width)
        turtle.right(90)
        turtle.forward(190)
        turtle.right(90)

    turtle.end_fill()

def draw_road():
    width = screen.window_width()

    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-width/2, -190)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color("black")
    turtle.begin_fill()

    for _ in range(2):
        turtle.forward(width)
        turtle.right(90)
        turtle.forward(190)
        turtle.right(90)

    turtle.end_fill()

def draw_road_lines():
    width = screen.window_width()

    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-width/2, -280)
    turtle.setheading(0)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color("white")
    turtle.width(5)

    for _ in range(width // 30):
        turtle.forward(20)
        turtle.penup()
        turtle.forward(10)
        turtle.pendown()

    turtle.penup()

def draw_pole():
    turtle.goto(-10, -190)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color("black", "gray")
    turtle.setheading(90)

    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.forward(100)
    turtle.right(90)
    turtle.forward(20)
    turtle.right(90)
    turtle.forward(100)
    turtle.right(90)
    turtle.forward(20)
    turtle.end_fill()

    turtle.penup()

def draw_box():
    turtle.goto(37.5, 60)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.fillcolor("black")
    turtle.begin_fill()

    for _ in range(2):
        turtle.forward(75)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(150)
        turtle.left(90)

    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.penup()

def draw_text(x, y, message):
    light.penup()
    light.goto(x, y + 150)
    light.color("black")
    light.write(message, align="center", font=("Calibri", 20, "normal"))

def draw_traffic_light():
    light.penup()
    light.goto(0, 15)

    if active_light == "red":
        draw_filled_circle("red", 20)
        draw_text(0, 75, "STOP!")
    else:
        draw_filled_circle("gray", 20)

    light.sety(-30)
    if active_light == "yellow":
        draw_filled_circle("yellow", 20)
        draw_text(0, 75, "Get Ready To Stop!!")
    else:
        draw_filled_circle("gray", 20)

    light.sety(-75)
    if active_light == "green":
        draw_filled_circle("green", 20)
        draw_text(0, 75, "Let's GO !!!")
    else:
        draw_filled_circle("gray", 20)

def simulate_traffic_light():
    global active_light

    light.clear()
    draw_traffic_light()

    if active_light == 'red':
        active_light = 'green'
    elif active_light == 'green':
        active_light = 'yellow'
    elif active_light == 'yellow':
        active_light = 'red'

    screen.update()
    screen.ontimer(simulate_traffic_light, 2000)  # milliseconds

screen = Screen()
screen.setup(width=600, height=760)
screen.title("Traffic Light Simulation \[click on window to quit\]")
screen.bgcolor("sky blue")
screen.tracer(False)

turtle = Turtle()
turtle.hideturtle()

draw_lawn()
draw_cloud(150, 180)
draw_cloud(0, 330)
draw_cloud(-150, 180)
draw_road()
draw_road_lines()
draw_pole()
draw_box()

light = Turtle()
light.hideturtle()

active_light = 'red'

simulate_traffic_light()

screen.exitonclick()

为什么海龟在第一次迭代中没有将组件定位在正确的位置

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为什么海龟在第一次迭代中没有将组件定位在正确的位置

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最新问题

问题描述投票：0回答：1