最后十页查询慢怎么解决

Question

我在本地postgres数据库的nfts表中创建了1000万条数据，对数据进行分页，根据id倒排数据，每页10条数据，查询前十页和后十页数据.每个页面都被查询了十次。这是所需的平均时间。

以下是前十页数据查询所需时间，单位毫秒

20.5
12.9
15.6
13.6
13.9
12.9
12.5
13.1
12.2
13.7

以下是最后十页数据查询所需时间，单位秒

2.377
2.385
2.389
2.399
2.388
2.385
2.394
2.374
2.399
2.377

我的分页使用gem "kaminari"。用法如下

NFT.order(:id).page(params[:page]).per(10)

显示索引页。我在 id 中添加了索引。 后端的查询语句为：

Started GET "/nfts?page=999992" for ::1 at 2023-03-16 09:10:03 +0800
  ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Pluck (1.1ms)  SELECT "schema_migrations"."version" FROM "schema_migrations" ORDER BY "schema_migrations"."version" ASC
Processing by NftsController#index as JSON
  Parameters: {"page"=>"999992", "nft"=>{}}
  NFT Count (785.6ms)  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT 1 AS one FROM "nfts" ORDER BY id desc LIMIT $1 OFFSET $2) subquery_for_count  [["LIMIT", 10], ["OFFSET", 9999910]]
  ↳ app/controllers/nfts_controller.rb:10:in `index'
  NFT Load (1670.2ms)  SELECT "nfts".* FROM "nfts" ORDER BY id desc LIMIT $1 OFFSET $2  [["LIMIT", 10], ["OFFSET", 9999910]]
  ↳ app/controllers/nfts_controller.rb:12:in `index'
Completed 200 OK in 2480ms (Views: 9.2ms | ActiveRecord: 2466.1ms | Allocations: 14400)

如何解决最后十页查询慢的问题

附上前十页和后十页每页所需时间 以下是前十页中每一页数据查询所需时间，单位毫秒

1:[77ms, 13ms, 10ms, 11ms, 17ms, 11ms, 17ms, 16ms, 12ms, 21ms]
2.[16ms, 11ms, 12ms, 10ms, 11ms, 11ms, 10ms, 18ms, 11ms, 19ms]
3.[23ms, 14ms, 16ms, 13ms, 23ms, 18ms, 12ms, 15ms, 12ms, 10ms]
4.[15ms, 16ms, 16ms, 11ms, 11ms, 12ms, 10ms, 10ms, 15ms, 20ms]
5.[22ms, 11ms, 11ms, 11ms, 12ms, 17ms, 12ms, 17ms, 16ms, 10ms]
6.[13ms, 19ms, 19ms, 10ms, 16ms, 11ms, 10ms, 10ms, 10ms, 11ms]
7.[11ms, 11ms, 20ms, 10ms, 16ms, 12ms, 9ms, 14ms, 11ms, 11ms]
8.[11ms, 16ms, 16ms, 11ms, 11ms, 9ms, 12ms, 12ms, 22ms, 11ms]
9.[12ms, 10ms, 15ms, 9ms, 14ms ,10ms, 12ms, 15ms, 11ms, 14ms]
10.[10ms, 23ms, 10ms, 11ms, 17ms, 11ms, 15ms, 10ms, 21ms, 9ms]

以下是最后十页每页数据查询所需时间，单位秒

-1.[2.37s, 2.42s, 2.41s, 2.39s, 2.35s, 2.37s, 2.31s, 2.34s, 2.37s, 2.44s]
-2.[2.36s, 2.40s, 2.43s, 2.39s, 2.40s, 2.47s, 2.36s, 2.36s, 2.33s, 2.35s]
-3.[2.34s, 2.37s, 2.40s, 2.41s, 2.41s, 2.37s, 2.52s, 2.37s, 2.35s, 2.35s]
-4.[2.35s, 2.38s, 2.43s, 2.42s, 2.38s, 2.38s, 2.46s, 2.38s, 2.39s, 2.42s]
-5.[2.37s, 2.37s, 2.37s, 2.46s, 2.38s, 2.40s, 2.35s, 2.40s, 2.40s, 2.38s]
-6.[2.43s, 2.35s, 2.40s, 2.41s, 2.36s, 2.38s, 2.39s, 2.33s, 2.41s, 2.39s]
-7.[2.38s, 2.36s, 2.39s, 2.37s, 2.42s, 2.40s, 2.50s, 2.37s, 2.37s, 2.38s]
-8.[2.39s, 2.38s, 2.37s, 2.39s, 2.34s, 2.37s, 2.37s, 2.35s, 2.40s, 2.38s]
-9.[2.38s, 2.41s, 2.38s, 2.38s, 2.38s, 2.39s, 2.43s, 2.41s, 2.41s, 2.42s]
-10.[2.37s, 2.40s, 2.33s, 2.37s, 2.38s, 2.37s, 2.40s, 2.38s, 2.39s, 2.38s]