Spring Boot测试中空指针异常

Question

我最近开始使用mockito学习spring boot junit测试，但我经常陷入困境。这是我的问题：

我创建了一个简单的addEmployeeTest，由于我的存储库（我将数据存储在我的postgres数据库中）导致空指针异常，我存储数据的地方以某种方式返回null。

这是我的文件：

员工.java

package springbootproject.model;

import lombok.*;
import javax.persistence.*;

@Data
@Entity
@Builder
@Table(name = "employees")
public class Employee {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "first_name", nullable = false)
    private String firstName;

    @Column(name = "last_name", nullable = false)
    private String lastName;

    @Column(name = "email", nullable = false)
    private String email;
}

EmployeeRepsory.java

package springbootproject.repository;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import springbootproject.model.Employee;

@Repository
public interface EmployeeRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee, Long> {}

EmployeeController.java

package springbootproject.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import springbootproject.model.Employee;
import springbootproject.repository.EmployeeRepository;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1")
public class EmployeeController {
    @Autowired
    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;
    
    @PostMapping("/employees")
    public Employee createEmployee(@RequestBody Employee employee) {
        return this.employeeRepository.save(employee);
    }
}

EmployeeControllerTest.java

package springbootproject.controller;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import springbootproject.model.Employee;
import springbootproject.repository.EmployeeRepository;

@DataJpaTest
public class EmployeeControllerTest {
    @Autowired
    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;

    @Test
    public void addEmployeeTest() {
        Employee employee = Employee.builder()
                        .id(1L).firstName("abc").lastName("def").email("[email protected]")
                        .build();

        employeeRepository.save(employee);

        assertThat(employee.getId()).isGreaterThan(0L);
    }
}

应用程序.属性

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/employees
spring.datasource.username = postgres
spring.datasource.password = postgres
spring.jpa.show-sql = true

## Hiberate Properties
# The SQL dialect makes Hibernate generate better SQL for the chosen database
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect

# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update

我已经被这个问题困扰了一段时间，我不知道它是否太基础了。我不太明白。谢谢

Answer 1

这可能是因为，您的存储库与测试类位于不同的包中，请确保 Spring 扫描包含您的存储库的包。您可以通过在主应用程序类中使用 @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "springbootproject.repository") 或类似注释来完成此操作。