让我的函数计算 Swift 数组的平均值

Question

我希望我的函数计算 Double 类型数组的平均值。该数组称为“投票”。目前，我有 10 个号码。

当我调用

average function

来获取数组投票的平均值时，它不起作用。

这是我的代码：

var votes = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

func average(nums: Double...) -> Double {
    var total = 0.0
    for vote in votes {
        total += vote
    }
    let votesTotal = Double(votes.count)
    var average = total/votesTotal
    return average
}

average[votes]

这里如何调用平均值才能得到平均值？

Answer 1

您应该使用

reduce

方法对序列元素求和，如下所示：

Xcode Xcode 10.2+ • Swift 5 或更高版本

extension Sequence where Element: AdditiveArithmetic {
    /// Returns the total sum of all elements in the sequence
    func sum() -> Element { reduce(.zero, +) }
}

---

extension Collection where Element: BinaryInteger {
    /// Returns the average of all elements in the array
    func average() -> Element { isEmpty ? .zero : sum() / Element(count) }
    /// Returns the average of all elements in the array as Floating Point type
    func average<T: FloatingPoint>() -> T { isEmpty ? .zero : T(sum()) / T(count) }
}

---

extension Collection where Element: BinaryFloatingPoint {
    /// Returns the average of all elements in the array
    func average() -> Element { isEmpty ? .zero : sum() / Element(count) }
}

---

let votes = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
let votesTotal = votes.sum()                       // 55
let votesAverage = votes.average()                 // 5
let votesDoubleAverage: Double = votes.average()   // 5.5

---

如果您需要使用

Decimal

输入其总和，它已经被

AdditiveArithmetic

协议扩展方法覆盖，因此您只需要实现平均值：

extension Collection where Element == Decimal {
    func average() -> Decimal { isEmpty ? .zero : sum() / Decimal(count) }
}

---

---

如果您需要对自定义结构的某个属性求和，我们可以扩展

Sequence

并创建一个采用 KeyPath 作为参数来计算其总和的方法：

extension Sequence  {
    func sum<T: AdditiveArithmetic>(_ predicate: (Element) -> T) -> T {
        reduce(.zero) { $0 + predicate($1) }
    }
}

---

用途：

struct User {
    let name: String
    let age: Int
}

let users: [User] = [
    .init(name: "Steve", age: 45),
    .init(name: "Tim", age: 50)]

let ageSum = users.sum(\.age) // 95

---

并扩展集合来计算其平均值：

extension Collection {
    func average<T: BinaryInteger>(_ predicate: (Element) -> T) -> T {
        sum(predicate) / T(count)
    }
    func average<T: BinaryInteger, F: BinaryFloatingPoint>(_ predicate: (Element) -> T) -> F {
        F(sum(predicate)) / F(count)
    }
    func average<T: BinaryFloatingPoint>(_ predicate: (Element) -> T) -> T {
        sum(predicate) / T(count)
    }
    func average(_ predicate: (Element) -> Decimal) -> Decimal {
        sum(predicate) / Decimal(count)
    }
}

---

用途：

let ageAvg = users.average(\.age)                 // 47
let ageAvgDouble: Double = users.average(\.age)   // 47.5

Answer 2

您的代码中有一些错误：

//You have to set the array-type to Double. Because otherwise Swift thinks that you need an Int-array
var votes:[Double] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

func average(nums: [Double]) -> Double {

    var total = 0.0
    //use the parameter-array instead of the global variable votes
    for vote in nums{
        total += Double(vote)
    }

    let votesTotal = Double(nums.count)
    var average = total/votesTotal
    return average
}

var theAverage = average(votes)

Answer 3

一个小衬垫，使用 Swift 翻译的老式 Objective-C KVC：

let average = (votes as NSArray).value(forKeyPath: "@avg.floatValue")

您还可以得到总和：

let sum = (votes as NSArray).value(forKeyPath: "@sum.floatValue")

有关这个长期被遗忘的宝石的更多信息：https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/KeyValueCoding/CollectionOperators.html

Answer 4

如果需要，可以使用过滤器进行简单平均（Swift 4.2）：

let items: [Double] = [0,10,15]
func average(nums: [Double]) -> Double {
    let sum = nums.reduce((total: 0, elements: 0)) { (sum, item) -> (total: Double, elements: Double) in
        var result = sum
        if item > 0 { // example for filter
            result.total += item
            result.elements += 1
        }

        return result
    }

    return sum.elements > 0 ? sum.total / sum.elements : 0
}
let theAvarage = average(nums: items)

Answer 5

我在更新函数中创建了一组信号，为了获得移动平均线，我使用此函数计算由移动平均线周期定义的窗口内的平均值。由于我的目标是组装一组包含平均值的新信号，因此我将丢弃原始组中的信号。对于那些想要在更新函数中（例如在 SKScene 中）使用移动平均值的人来说，这是一个很好的解决方案。

func movingAvarage(_ period: Int) -> Double? {
  if signalSet.count >= period {
   let window = signalSet.suffix(period)
   let mean = (window.reduce(0, +)) / Double(period)
   signalSet = signalSet.dropLast(period)
   return mean
  }
  return nil
}

Answer 6

斯威夫特 4.2

对于纯粹优雅的简约，我喜欢：

// 1. Calls #3
func average <T> (_ values: T...) -> T where T: FloatingPoint
{
    return sum(values) / T(values.count)
}

当我们这样做时，其他基于

reduce

的不错的操作：

// 2. Unnecessary, but I appreciate variadic params. Also calls #3.
func sum <T> (_ values: T...) -> T where T: FloatingPoint
{
    return sum(values)
}

// 3.
func sum <T> (_ values: [T]) -> T where T: FloatingPoint
{
    return values.reduce(0, +)
}

来源：Adrian Houdart 的 MathKit，基本没有变化。

---

可爱的更新：

我在 Swift 编程语言中找到了以下内容：

下面的示例计算任意长度的数字列表的算术平均值（也称为平均值）：

func arithmeticMean(_ numbers: Double...) -> Double {
   var total: Double = 0
   for number in numbers {
       total += number
   }
   return total / Double(numbers.count)
}
arithmeticMean(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
// returns 3.0, which is the arithmetic mean of these five numbers
arithmeticMean(3, 8.25, 18.75)
// returns 10.0, which is the arithmetic mean of these three numbers

Answer 7

将这些扩展添加到数组将计算 Int 和 FloatingPoint 值的平均值：

extension Array where Element: BinaryInteger {

  var average: Element? {
      guard let elementCount = Element(exactly: count) else { return nil }
      return reduce(0) { $0 + $1 } / elementCount
  }
}

extension Array where Element: FloatingPoint {

var average: Element? {
      guard let elementCount = Element(exactly: count) else { return nil }
      return reduce(0) { $0 + $1 } / elementCount
  }
}