改善Makefile

Question

我有以下Makefile：

CPLUS=g++
CFLAGS = -Wall -O3
LIBS = -lm -lopenblas -llapacke -lvl
HEADERS = -I./vlfeat-0.9.21

all: classification_scheme

classification_scheme: ./output/main.o ./output/trainpredict.o ./output/svm.o ./output/general_utilities.o ./output/postprocess.o ./output/preprocess.o \
./output/load_data.o ./output/data_structures.o ./output/slic.o ./output/texture_pipelines.o ./output/kmeans.o ./output/vlad.o  ./output/bow.o  ./output/gmm.o \
./output/fishervectors.o  ./output/sift.o ./output/dsift.o
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -o classification_scheme ./output/trainpredict.o ./output/texture_pipelines.o ./output/slic.o ./output/svm.o ./output/general_utilities.o \
./output/postprocess.o ./output/preprocess.o ./output/load_data.o ./output/data_structures.o ./output/kmeans.o ./output/vlad.o ./output/bow.o  ./output/gmm.o \
./output/fishervectors.o ./output/sift.o ./output/dsift.o ./output/main.o $(LIBS)

./output/main.o: main.c ./output/texture_pipelines.o ./output/preprocess.o
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) $(HEADERS) -c -o ./output/main.o main.c
./output/trainpredict.o: ./svm/trainpredict.h ./svm/trainpredict.c ./output/svm.o
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) $(HEADERS) -c -o ./output/trainpredict.o ./svm/trainpredict.c
./output/svm.o: ./svm/svm.cpp ./svm/svm.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -o ./output/svm.o -c ./svm/svm.cpp
./output/load_data.o: ./utility/load_data.c ./utility/load_data.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -c ./utility/load_data.c -o ./output/load_data.o
./output/data_structures.o: ./utility/data_structures.c ./utility/data_structures.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -c ./utility/data_structures.c -o ./output/data_structures.o
./output/preprocess.o: ./utility/preprocess.c ./utility/preprocess.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) $(HEADERS) -c ./utility/preprocess.c -o ./output/preprocess.o
./output/postprocess.o: ./utility/postprocess.c ./utility/postprocess.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -c ./utility/postprocess.c -o ./output/postprocess.o
./output/general_utilities.o: ./utility/general_utilities.c ./utility/general_utilities.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -c ./utility/general_utilities.c -o ./output/general_utilities.o
./output/slic.o: ./texture/slic.cpp ./texture/slic.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -c ./texture/slic.cpp -o ./output/slic.o
./output/texture_pipelines.o: ./texture/texture_pipelines.cpp ./texture/texture_pipelines.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) $(HEADERS) -c ./texture/texture_pipelines.cpp -o ./output/texture_pipelines.o
./output/kmeans.o: ./texture/kmeans.cpp ./texture/kmeans.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -c ./texture/kmeans.cpp -o ./output/kmeans.o
./output/vlad.o: ./texture/vlad.cpp ./texture/vlad.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -c ./texture/vlad.cpp -o ./output/vlad.o
./output/bow.o: ./texture/bow.cpp ./texture/bow.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) -c ./texture/bow.cpp -o ./output/bow.o
./output/gmm.o: ./texture/gmm.cpp ./texture/gmm.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) $(HEADERS) -c ./texture/gmm.cpp -o ./output/gmm.o
./output/fishervectors.o: ./texture/fishervectors.cpp ./texture/fishervectors.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) $(HEADERS) -c ./texture/fishervectors.cpp -o ./output/fishervectors.o
./output/sift.o: ./texture/sift.cpp ./texture/sift.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) $(HEADERS) -c ./texture/sift.cpp -o ./output/sift.o
./output/dsift.o: ./texture/dsift.cpp ./texture/dsift.h
    $(CPLUS) $(CFLAGS) $(HEADERS) -c ./texture/dsift.cpp -o ./output/dsift.o
clean:
    rm -Rf ./output/* *.model *.ppm *.txt classification_scheme

如您所见，我是Makefile的新手，我曾尽力改善这一点，但我没有。我有一个像这样的目录结构：

+\
 |
 --texture: directory with sources to compile
 |
 --utility: directory with sources to compile
 |
 --svm: directory with sources to compile
 |
 --output: directory where the objects compiled are placed before they get together
 |
 --vlfeat: directory with headers
 |
 --main.c: source to compile
 |
 --Makefile

我想为每个目录使用一个Makefile语句来编译每个目录中的源（现在我必须使用独立的语句来编译每个源文件）。然后，我想使用另一个Makefile语句将“输出”目录中的所有目标文件编译在一起（现在我必须编译写入每个对象的对象，并且有很多对象）。我试图使用wildcar函数，但无法正常工作。

这是make clean all的输出：

rm -Rf ./output/* *.model *.ppm *.txt classification_scheme
g++ -Wall -O3 -I./vlfeat-0.9.21 -c ./texture/texture_pipelines.cpp -o ./output/texture_pipelines.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -I./vlfeat-0.9.21 -c ./utility/preprocess.c -o ./output/preprocess.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -I./vlfeat-0.9.21 -c -o ./output/main.o main.c
g++ -Wall -O3 -o ./output/svm.o -c ./svm/svm.cpp
g++ -Wall -O3 -I./vlfeat-0.9.21 -c -o ./output/trainpredict.o ./svm/trainpredict.c
g++ -Wall -O3 -c ./utility/general_utilities.c -o ./output/general_utilities.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -c ./utility/postprocess.c -o ./output/postprocess.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -c ./utility/load_data.c -o ./output/load_data.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -c ./utility/data_structures.c -o ./output/data_structures.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -c ./texture/slic.cpp -o ./output/slic.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -c ./texture/kmeans.cpp -o ./output/kmeans.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -c ./texture/vlad.cpp -o ./output/vlad.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -c ./texture/bow.cpp -o ./output/bow.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -I./vlfeat-0.9.21 -c ./texture/gmm.cpp -o ./output/gmm.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -I./vlfeat-0.9.21 -c ./texture/fishervectors.cpp -o ./output/fishervectors.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -I./vlfeat-0.9.21 -c ./texture/sift.cpp -o ./output/sift.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -I./vlfeat-0.9.21 -c ./texture/dsift.cpp -o ./output/dsift.o
g++ -Wall -O3 -o classification_scheme ./output/trainpredict.o ./output/texture_pipelines.o ./output/slic.o ./output/svm.o ./output/general_utilities.o \
./output/postprocess.o ./output/preprocess.o ./output/load_data.o ./output/data_structures.o ./output/kmeans.o ./output/vlad.o ./output/bow.o  ./output/gmm.o \
./output/fishervectors.o ./output/sift.o ./output/dsift.o ./output/main.o -lm -lopenblas -llapacke -lvl

您知道如何仅使用5条简单的语句重写此Makefile以编译该文件吗？

Answer 1

IMO自动工具对此是[[way矫kill过正。

您可以很容易地做到这一点。但是，关于您的makefile有一些奇怪的事情。

最重要的是，所有文件都带有.c扩展名后缀，这意味着它们是C文件，但是您正在使用C ++编译器g++对其进行编译。这根本不符合逻辑。您应该将源文件命名为C ++文件，这意味着.cc或.cxx或.cpp或类似名称，或者您应该使用C编译器，例如gcc而不是g++。

我将基于文件扩展名假定您的代码是C代码。

请使用标准变量（CC，CPPFLAGS，CFLAGS，LDLIBS）：

CC = gcc
CPPFLAGS = -I./vlfeat-0.9.21
CFLAGS = -Wall -O3
LDLIBS = -lopenblas -llapacke -lvl -lm

DIRS = texture utility svm
OBJDIR = output

SRCS := main.c $(wildcard $(addsuffix /*.c,$(DIRS)))
OBJS := $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(notdir $(SRCS)))

vpath %.c $(DIRS)

all: classification_scheme

classification_scheme: $(OBJS)
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)

$(OBJDIR)/%.o : %.c
        $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

clean:
        rm -rf $(OBJDIR) *.model *.ppm *.txt classification_scheme

.PHONY: all clean

Answer 2

我已经使用@MadScientist提出的答案来创建适合我需要的Makefile。这是：

CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS = -Wall -O3
LDLIBS = -lm -lopenblas -llapacke -lvl
CPPFLAGS = -I./vlfeat-0.9.21

DIRS = texture utility svm .
OBJDIR = output

SRCS := $(wildcard $(addsuffix /*.cpp,$(DIRS)))
OBJS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(notdir $(patsubst %.cpp,%.o,$(SRCS))))

vpath %.cpp $(DIRS)




all: create_output_dir classification_scheme

classification_scheme: $(OBJS)
        $(CXX) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)

$(OBJDIR)/%.o : %.cpp
        $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

create_output_dir:
        mkdir -p ${OBJDIR}

clean:
        rm -rf $(OBJDIR) *.model *.ppm *.txt classification_scheme




.PHONY: all clean

非常感谢您提供的所有帮助。