尝试下载 python 包时“由于操作系统错误而无法安装包”

Question

过去一个月我一直在使用 python v3.12，没有任何问题，但现在我完全无法下载任何软件包。它给出了这么长的警告和错误列表。

> WARNING: Certificate did not match expected hostname: files.pythonhosted.org. Certificate: {'subject': ((('commonName', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),),), 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'BE'),), (('organizationName', 'GlobalSign nv-sa'),), (('commonName', 'GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2023 Q1'),)), 'version': 3, 'serialNumber': '01D06257899F0DD2481ECE65A0533F7E', 'notBefore': 'Apr 10 04:55:11 2023 GMT', 'notAfter': 'May 11 04:55:10 2024 GMT', 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),), 'OCSP': ('http://ocsp.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1',), 'caIssuers': ('http://secure.globalsign.com/cacert/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crt',), 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://crl.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crl',)}
> WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(CertificateError("hostname 'files.pythonhosted.org' doesn't match 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'"))': /packages/70/8e/0e2d847013cb52cd35b38c009bb167a1a26b2ce6cd6965bf26b47bc0bf44/requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
> WARNING: Certificate did not match expected hostname: files.pythonhosted.org. Certificate: {'subject': ((('commonName', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),),), 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'BE'),), (('organizationName', 'GlobalSign nv-sa'),), (('commonName', 'GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2023 Q1'),)), 'version': 3, 'serialNumber': '01D06257899F0DD2481ECE65A0533F7E', 'notBefore': 'Apr 10 04:55:11 2023 GMT', 'notAfter': 'May 11 04:55:10 2024 GMT', 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),), 'OCSP': ('http://ocsp.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1',), 'caIssuers': ('http://secure.globalsign.com/cacert/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crt',), 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://crl.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crl',)}
> WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(CertificateError("hostname 'files.pythonhosted.org' doesn't match 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'"))': /packages/70/8e/0e2d847013cb52cd35b38c009bb167a1a26b2ce6cd6965bf26b47bc0bf44/requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
> WARNING: Certificate did not match expected hostname: files.pythonhosted.org. Certificate: {'subject': ((('commonName', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),),), 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'BE'),), (('organizationName', 'GlobalSign nv-sa'),), (('commonName', 'GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2023 Q1'),)), 'version': 3, 'serialNumber': '01D06257899F0DD2481ECE65A0533F7E', 'notBefore': 'Apr 10 04:55:11 2023 GMT', 'notAfter': 'May 11 04:55:10 2024 GMT', 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),), 'OCSP': ('http://ocsp.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1',), 'caIssuers': ('http://secure.globalsign.com/cacert/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crt',), 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://crl.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crl',)}
> WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(CertificateError("hostname 'files.pythonhosted.org' doesn't match 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'"))': /packages/70/8e/0e2d847013cb52cd35b38c009bb167a1a26b2ce6cd6965bf26b47bc0bf44/requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
> WARNING: Certificate did not match expected hostname: files.pythonhosted.org. Certificate: {'subject': ((('commonName', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),),), 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'BE'),), (('organizationName', 'GlobalSign nv-sa'),), (('commonName', 'GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2023 Q1'),)), 'version': 3, 'serialNumber': '01D06257899F0DD2481ECE65A0533F7E', 'notBefore': 'Apr 10 04:55:11 2023 GMT', 'notAfter': 'May 11 04:55:10 2024 GMT', 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),), 'OCSP': ('http://ocsp.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1',), 'caIssuers': ('http://secure.globalsign.com/cacert/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crt',), 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://crl.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crl',)}
> WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(CertificateError("hostname 'files.pythonhosted.org' doesn't match 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'"))': /packages/70/8e/0e2d847013cb52cd35b38c009bb167a1a26b2ce6cd6965bf26b47bc0bf44/requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
> WARNING: Certificate did not match expected hostname: files.pythonhosted.org. Certificate: {'subject': ((('commonName', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),),), 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'BE'),), (('organizationName', 'GlobalSign nv-sa'),), (('commonName', 'GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2023 Q1'),)), 'version': 3, 'serialNumber': '01D06257899F0DD2481ECE65A0533F7E', 'notBefore': 'Apr 10 04:55:11 2023 GMT', 'notAfter': 'May 11 04:55:10 2024 GMT', 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),), 'OCSP': ('http://ocsp.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1',), 'caIssuers': ('http://secure.globalsign.com/cacert/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crt',), 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://crl.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crl',)}
> WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(CertificateError("hostname 'files.pythonhosted.org' doesn't match 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'"))': /packages/70/8e/0e2d847013cb52cd35b38c009bb167a1a26b2ce6cd6965bf26b47bc0bf44/requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
> WARNING: Certificate did not match expected hostname: files.pythonhosted.org. Certificate: {'subject': ((('commonName', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),),), 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'BE'),), (('organizationName', 'GlobalSign nv-sa'),), (('commonName', 'GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2023 Q1'),)), 'version': 3, 'serialNumber': '01D06257899F0DD2481ECE65A0533F7E', 'notBefore': 'Apr 10 04:55:11 2023 GMT', 'notAfter': 'May 11 04:55:10 2024 GMT', 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'),), 'OCSP': ('http://ocsp.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1',), 'caIssuers': ('http://secure.globalsign.com/cacert/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crt',), 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://crl.globalsign.com/ca/gsatlasr3dvtlsca2023q1.crl',)}
> 
> ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/70/8e/0e2d847013cb52cd35b38c009bb167a1a26b2ce6cd6965bf26b47bc0bf44/requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (Caused by SSLError(CertificateError("hostname 'files.pythonhosted.org' doesn't match 'r.shared-319-default.ssl.fastly.net'")))

我查看并尝试了在互联网上找到的所有解决方案，但没有一个对我有用。 我也无法从浏览器访问https://files.pythonhosted.org/。它显示“您的连接不是私有的”错误，并表示连接不安全。但只有我的笔记本电脑显示此错误，所以我认为这不是网络问题？

Answer 1

我遇到了类似的问题，发现

hosts

文件中

pythonhosted.org

的条目导致了“请求错误”错误。我是这样解决的：

1. 打开主机文件：

   • 在 Windows 上：以管理员身份运行记事本，然后打开

     C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

     。
   • 在 macOS/Linux 上：打开终端并使用

     sudo nano /etc/hosts

     或类似命令以管理权限编辑文件。

2. 修改主机文件：使用

   pythonhosted.org

   搜索条目。删除这些行或通过在每行开头添加

   #

   将其注释掉。

3. 保存并重新启动:

   • 在 Windows 记事本中：通过单击文件 -> 保存来保存更改。
   • 在 macOS/Linux Nano Editor 中：按

     Ctrl + O

     写入更改，然后按

     Ctrl + X

     退出。
   • 重新启动计算机。

4. 测试您的访问：尝试再次访问https://files.pythonhosted.org/。

请记住，编辑

hosts

文件时要小心，因为不正确的配置可能会影响网络设置。如果不确定，请向有系统管理经验的人员寻求帮助。