使用 @MockBean 的 Spring Boot 测试无法模拟映射器

Question

我目前正在开发 Spring Boot 应用程序，我正在尝试使用 @MockBean 为我的服务层编写测试，以避免与数据库交互。这是测试代码：

//CountCarts Method in CartServiceImpl
//    @Override
//    public int countCarts(Cart cart) {
//        return cartMapper.countCarts(cart);
//    }

@SpringBootTest(classes = TestApplication.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class CartServiceImplTest {
    @MockBean
    private CartMapper cartMapper;
    @Autowired
    private CartServiceImpl cartService;
    @Test
    void testCountCarts() {
        Cart cart = new Cart();
        int count = 1;
        when(cartMapper.countCarts(Mockito.any())).thenReturn(count);
        assertEquals(count, cartService.countCarts(cart));
        //verify(cartMapper).countCarts(cart);
    }
}

但是，测试失败并出现以下错误：

Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 3.777 s <<< FAILURE! - in CartServiceImplTest
testCountCarts  Time elapsed: 0.809 s  <<< FAILURE!
org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError: expected: <1> but was: <5>
    at CartServiceImplTest.testCountCarts(CartServiceImplTest.java:46)

@MockBean 注释似乎没有按预期工作，测试仍在连接到我的数据库。

这是我的测试上下文的配置：

@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"world.xuewei"}, excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(classes = {SpringBootApplication.class})
})
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@MapperScan(basePackages = {"world.xuewei.mapper"})
public class TestApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
    }

}

为了解决问题，我尝试删除 @MapperScan(basePackages = {"world.xuewei.mapper"}) 注释。但是，这导致了不同的错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'addressController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'addressService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'addressService': Injection of resource dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'world.xuewei.mapper.AddressMapper' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@javax.annotation.Resource(shareable=true, lookup="", name="", description="", authenticationType=CONTAINER, type=java.lang.Object.class, mappedName="")}

我不知道如何继续。任何有关如何解决此问题的建议将不胜感激。预先感谢！

Answer 1

由于您将配置

TestApplication

传递给

@SpringBootTest

注释，Spring 仅创建在

TestApplication

中配置的 bean，并且缺少一些必需的 bean，这就是您看到有关缺少 bean 的错误的原因。 您需要在

TestApplication

中定义所有丢失的bean，或者启用组件扫描以提供Spring扫描包。

但我看到测试本身的一个思想问题，如果您不打算测试与数据库的集成，则不需要使用

SpringBootTest

并创建上下文。使用 Mockito 进行单元测试要容易得多。

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class) // or @ExtendWith depends on versions
class CartServiceImplTest {

private CartMapper cartMapper;

private CartServiceImpl cartService;

@Before
private void setup() {
  cartMapper = Mockito.mock();
  cartService = new CartService(cartMapper);
}

@Test
void testCountCarts() {
    Cart cart = new Cart();
    int count = 1;
    when(cartMapper.countCarts(Mockito.any())).thenReturn(count);
    assertEquals(count, cartService.countCarts(cart));
    //verify(cartMapper).countCarts(cart);
}

}