我的 Oracle 数据库在地址 xx.xx.xx.xx 上运行
我知道登录名、密码和初始目录
我正在尝试在 Oracle SQL Developer 中建立新连接，以便我可以访问该数据库来查看它。为此，我需要知道 SID 或服务名称。
很久以前，我会运行 TNSPing.exe 来获取服务名称，但该程序不再可用。 Oracle 没有分发它。
有办法在某处访问此信息吗？
如果您有权访问服务器，那么您可以确定侦听器正在运行多少进程、正在侦听哪些 IP 地址和端口。 Linux 的示例。
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ ps -ef|grep tnslsnr
oracle 6090 1 0 2015 ? 01:11:39 /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle 6712 6653 0 05:59 pts/1 00:00:00 grep tnslsnr
oracle 17064 1 0 2017 ? 00:19:15 /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SSPS -inherit
如果定义了变量
$TNS_ADMIN$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_UNQNAME=ssps_db2
ORACLE_SID=ssps
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/database
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ env |grep TNS
TNS_ADMIN=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$
首先，您可以进行 SQL 查询
select * from v$listener_network;
LOCAL LISTENER (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=krw-ssps-db-02)(PORT=1521))
SERVICE NAME ssps_db2
SERVICE NAME ssps_db2
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:8F:78:59
inet addr:10.*.*.244 Bcast:10.*.*.255 Mask:255.255.255.192
...
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:8F:78:59
inet addr:10.*.*.242 Bcast:10.*.*.255 Mask:255.255.255.192
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
.....
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-JUN-2018 06:00:48
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2015 08:48:38
Uptime 419 days 18 hr. 44 min. 17 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/database/diag/tnslsnr/krw-ssps-db-02/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.*.*.244)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ssps" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ssps", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "sspsXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ssps", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ssps_db2" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ssps", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_SSPS
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-JUN-2018 06:01:12
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1525)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER_SSPS
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 11-DEC-2017 06:37:30
Uptime 178 days 23 hr. 23 min. 42 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/database/diag/tnslsnr/krw-ssps-db-02/listener_ssps/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1525)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.*.*.242)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "asut" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "asut", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ssps" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ssps", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "tch7" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "tch7", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "tch8" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "tch8", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ lsnrctl services LISTENER_SSPS
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-JUN-2018 06:02:24
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1525)))
Services Summary...
Service "asut" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "asut", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:102970 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
Service "ssps" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ssps", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:222841 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
Service "tch7" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "tch7", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:107112 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
Service "tch8" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "tch8", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:102970 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ lsnrctl services LISTENER
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-JUN-2018 06:04:10
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ssps" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ssps", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:47 refused:8
LOCAL SERVER
Service "sspsXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ssps", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: krw-ssps-db-02, pid: 16980>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=krw-ssps-db-02)(PORT=53933))
Service "ssps_db2" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ssps", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:103158 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
listener.ora 的示例
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 admin]$ more listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.*.244)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ssps)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ssps)
)
)
LISTENER_SSPS =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1525))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.*.242)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER_SSPS =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ssps)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ssps)
)
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=tch8)
(ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM=dg4msql)
)
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=tch7)
(ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM=dg4msql)
)
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=asut)
(ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM=dg4msql)
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /home/oracle/database
服务名称示例
ssps_db3C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin>tnsping ssps_db 3
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-JUN-2018 11:43:29
Copyright (c) 1997 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.*.244)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ssps_db3)))
OK (20 msec)
OK (0 msec)
OK (0 msec)
C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin>sqlplus system@ssps_db
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 9 11:43:38 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener could not resolve SERVICE_NAME given in connect
descriptor
在日志文件listener.log中记录不成功的连接
09-JUN-2018 11:43:29 * ping * 0
09-JUN-2018 11:43:29 * ping * 0
09-JUN-2018 11:43:29 * ping * 0
Sat Jun 09 11:43:45 2018
09-JUN-2018 11:43:45 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=ssps_db3)(CID=(PROGRAM=C:\oracle\ora92\bin\sqlplus.EXE)(HOST=DEMIN)(USER=DeminDV))) * (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.*.*.45)(PORT=61522)) * establish * ssps_db3 * 12514
TNS-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
服务名称示例
ssps_db2TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-JUN-2018 11:45:18
Copyright (c) 1997 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.89.251.244)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ssps_db2)))
OK (0 msec)
OK (10 msec)
OK (0 msec)
C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin>sqlplus system@ssps_db
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 9 11:45:23 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[krw-ssps-db-02.krw.rzd] system@ssps>
在日志文件listener.log中记录连接成功
09-JUN-2018 11:45:18 * ping * 0
09-JUN-2018 11:45:18 * ping * 0
09-JUN-2018 11:45:18 * ping * 0
Sat Jun 09 11:45:28 2018
09-JUN-2018 11:45:28 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=ssps_db2)(CID=(PROGRAM=C:\oracle\ora92\bin\sqlplus.EXE)(HOST=DEMIN)(USER=DeminDV))) * (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.*.*.45)(PORT=61529)) * establish * ssps_db2 * 0
如果您有操作系统登录到数据库服务器，您可以运行：
lsnrctl 状态
获取听众所提供内容的详细信息。或者如果本地可以登录的话也可以查询数据库本身
SQL> select name from dba_services;
NAME
---------------------------------------
SYS$BACKGROUND
SYS$USERS
db122XDB
db122
但是，如果您除了 IP 地址之外没有其他访问权限，那么您需要向某人（DBA）询问服务名称。正如 Alex 所说，tnsping 不会“透露”任何内容，它只是尝试连接到您已经知道的服务名称。
因为你说过你有“我知道登录名、密码和初始目录”。然后我说：
获取Oracle SID：
$ ps -ef | grep pmon$ cat /etc/oratabORACLE_SID:ORACLE_HOME获取服务名称：
$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.oranet_service_name=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(protocol_address_information))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=service_name)))
为了执行 tnsping，您可以安装适合您机器的 Oracle 客户端。