使用反射动态实例化扩展基类的类

问题描述 投票:0回答:2

很长一段时间以来,我一直在努力寻找一种方法来动态实例化扩展特定基类的所有类(在运行时)。根据我的阅读,它应该使用Reflection完成,不幸的是我还没弄明白怎么样。

我的项目结构如下所示:

Library
--|
  |
  --Vehicle.cs (abstract class)
  |
  --Car.cs (extending vehicle)
  |
  --Bike.cs (extending vehicle)
  |
  --Scooter.cs (extending vehicle)
  |
  --InstanceService.cs (static class)
  |
  |
ConsoleApplication
--|
  |
  --Program.cs

InstanceService类包含一个泛型方法,该方法应返回包含扩展IEnumerable<T>的实例化类的Vehicle,意思是Car, Bike & Scooter

在尝试了大量不同的解决方案之后,下面列出的代码是Instance Service类的当前状态,这意味着它主要包含用于调试的工具。

InstanceService.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Library
{
    public static class InstanceService<T>
    {
        //returns instances of all classes of type T
        public static IEnumerable<T> GetInstances()
        {

            var interfaceType = typeof(T);
            List<T> list = new List<T>();
            Console.WriteLine("Interface type: " + interfaceType.ToString());
            var assemblies = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();
            foreach(var assembly in assemblies)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Assembly: " + assembly.ToString());
                if (assembly.GetType().IsAbstract)
                {
                    var instance = (T) Activator.CreateInstance(assembly.GetType());
                    list.Add(instance);
                }
            }
            return list;
        }
    }
}

我还附加了抽象Vehicle类的代码以及它的一个实现。

Vehicle.cs

namespace Library
{
    public abstract class Vehicle
    {
        protected float maxSpeedInKmPerHour;
        protected float weightInKg;
        protected float priceInDkk;
    }
}

Car.cs

namespace Library
{
    public class Car : Vehicle
    {

        public Car()
        {
            this.maxSpeedInKmPerHour = 1200;
            this.weightInKg = 45000;
            this.priceInDkk = 71000000;
        }
    }
}
c# .net reflection system.reflection decoupling
2个回答
1
投票

我认为你应该感兴趣的方法是IsAssignableFrom

另外,使用LINQ代码要容易得多,如果你允许使用它,并且因为你一次创建一个对象,我建议使用yield return

static IEnumerable<T> GetInstances<T>() 
{
    var baseType = typeof(T);
    var types = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
        .SelectMany( a => a.GetTypes() )
        .Where
        (
            t => baseType.IsAssignableFrom(t)                  //Derives from base
              && !t.IsAbstract                                 //Is not abstract
              && (t.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes) != null)   //Has default constructor
        );


    foreach (var t in types)
    {
        yield return (T)Activator.CreateInstance(t);
    }
}

或者,如果由于某种原因你正在炫耀,你想用一个声明来做:

    var types = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
        .SelectMany( a => a.GetTypes() )
        .Where
        (
            t => typeof(T)IsAssignableFrom(t)  
              && !t.IsAbstract 
              && (t.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes) != null) 
        )
        .Select
        (
            t => (T)Activator.CreateInstance(t)
        );

0
投票

这适用于任何可以使用默认构造函数实例化的类型。除了我遗漏的东西之外,你的类派生自另一个类的事实是不重要的。

private T MakeInstance<T>()
{
    // the empty Type[] means you are passing nothing to the constructor - which gives
    // you the default constructor.  If you need to pass in an int to instantiate it, you
    // could add int to the Type[]...
    ConstructorInfo defaultCtor = typeof(T).GetConstructor(new Type[] { });

    // if there is no default constructor, then it will be null, so you must check
    if (defaultCtor == null)
        throw new Exception("No default constructor");
    else
    {
        T instance = (T)defaultCtor.Invoke(new object[] { });   // again, nothing to pass in.  If the constructor needs anything, include it here.
        return instance;
    }
}
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