通过下面的代码，实现游戏状态来控制关卡的最简单、最简单的方法是什么？如果我想从标题屏幕开始，然后加载一个关卡，并在完成后进入下一个关卡？如果有人可以解释处理这个问题的最简单方法，那就太好了！
import pygame
from pygame import *
WIN_WIDTH = 1120 - 320
WIN_HEIGHT = 960 - 320
HALF_WIDTH = int(WIN_WIDTH / 2)
HALF_HEIGHT = int(WIN_HEIGHT / 2)
DISPLAY = (WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT)
DEPTH = 0
FLAGS = 0
CAMERA_SLACK = 30
def main():
global level
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(DISPLAY, FLAGS, DEPTH)
pygame.display.set_caption("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
level = 0
bg = Surface((32,32))
bg.convert()
bg.fill(Color("#0094FF"))
up = left = right = False
entities = pygame.sprite.Group()
player = Player(32, 32)
enemy = Enemy(32,32)
platforms = []
x = 0
y = 0
if level == 0:
level = [
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" E ",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",]
#background = pygame.image.load("Untitled.png")
total_level_width = len(level[0]) * 32
total_level_height = len(level) * 32
# build the level
for row in level:
for col in row:
if col == "P":
p = Platform(x, y)
platforms.append(p)
entities.add(p)
if col == "E":
e = ExitBlock(x, y)
platforms.append(e)
entities.add(e)
x += 32
y += 32
x = 0
camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)
entities.add(player)
entities.add(enemy)
while 1:
timer.tick(60)
for e in pygame.event.get():
if e.type == QUIT: raise SystemExit, "QUIT"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
raise SystemExit, "ESCAPE"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_UP:
up = True
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_LEFT:
left = True
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_RIGHT:
right = True
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_UP:
up = False
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_LEFT:
left = False
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_RIGHT:
right = False
# draw background
for y in range(20):
for x in range(25):
screen.blit(bg, (x * 32, y * 32))
# draw background
#screen.blit(background, camera.apply((0,0)))
#draw entities
for e in entities:
screen.blit(e.image, camera.apply(e))
# update player, update camera, and refresh
player.update(up, left, right, platforms)
enemy.update(platforms)
camera.update(player)
pygame.display.flip()
class Camera(object):
def __init__(self, camera_func, width, height):
self.camera_func = camera_func
self.state = Rect(0, 0, width, height)
def apply(self, target):
try:
return target.rect.move(self.state.topleft)
except AttributeError:
return map(sum, zip(target, self.state.topleft))
def update(self, target):
self.state = self.camera_func(self.state, target.rect)
def complex_camera(camera, target_rect):
l, t, _, _ = target_rect
_, _, w, h = camera
l, t, _, _ = -l + HALF_WIDTH, -t +HALF_HEIGHT, w, h
l = min(0, l) # stop scrolling left
l = max(-(camera.width - WIN_WIDTH), l) # stop scrolling right
t = max(-(camera.height-WIN_HEIGHT), t) # stop scrolling bottom
return Rect(l, t, w, h)
class Entity(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
class Player(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
self.xvel = 0
self.yvel = 0
self.onGround = False
self.image = Surface((32,32))
self.image.fill(Color("#0000FF"))
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(200, 1200, 32, 32)
def update(self, up, left, right, platforms):
if self.rect.top > 1440 or self.rect.top < 0:
main()
if self.rect.left > 1408 or self.rect.right < 0:
main()
if up:
if self.onGround:
self.yvel = 0
self.yvel -= 10 # only jump if on the ground
if left:
self.xvel = -10
if right:
self.xvel = 10
if not self.onGround:
self.yvel += 0.3 # only accelerate with gravity if in the air
if self.yvel > 80: self.yvel = 80 # max falling speed
if not(left or right):
self.xvel = 0
self.rect.left += self.xvel # increment in x direction
self.collide(self.xvel, 0, platforms) # do x-axis collisions
self.rect.top += self.yvel # increment in y direction
self.onGround = False; # assuming we're in the air
self.collide(0, self.yvel, platforms) # do y-axis collisions
def collide(self, xvel, yvel, platforms):
for p in platforms:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, p):
if isinstance(p, ExitBlock):
pygame.event.post(pygame.event.Event(QUIT))
if xvel > 0: self.rect.right = p.rect.left
if xvel < 0: self.rect.left = p.rect.right
if yvel > 0:
self.rect.bottom = p.rect.top
self.onGround = True
if yvel < 0:
self.rect.top = p.rect.bottom
class Enemy(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
self.yVel = 0
self.xVel = 0
self.image = Surface((32,32))
self.image.fill(Color("#00FF00"))
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(300, 1200, 32, 32)
self.onGround = False
self.right_dis = False
def update(self, platforms):
if not self.onGround:
self.yVel += 0.3
if self.rect.left == 96:
self.right_dis = False
if self.rect.right == 480:
self.right_dis = True
if not self.right_dis:
self.xVel = 2
if self.right_dis:
self.xVel = -2
self.rect.left += self.xVel # increment in x direction
self.collide(self.xVel, 0, platforms) # do x-axis collisions
self.rect.top += self.yVel # increment in y direction
self.onGround = False; # assuming we're in the air
self.collide(0, self.yVel, platforms) # do y-axis collisions
def collide(self, xVel, yVel, platforms):
for p in platforms:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, p):
if xVel > 0: self.rect.right = p.rect.left
if xVel < 0: self.rect.left = p.rect.right
if yVel > 0:
self.rect.bottom = p.rect.top
self.onGround = True
if yVel < 0:
self.rect.top = p.rect.bottom
class Platform(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
#self.image = Surface([32, 32], pygame.SRCALPHA, 32) #makes blocks invisible for much better artwork
self.image = Surface((32,32)) #makes blocks visible for building levels
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x, y, 32, 32)
def update(self):
pass
class ExitBlock(Platform):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Platform.__init__(self, x, y)
self.image = pygame.image.load("end.png")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
首先，让我们摆脱这些丑陋的 if 块：
for e in pygame.event.get():
if e.type == QUIT: raise SystemExit, "QUIT"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
raise SystemExit, "ESCAPE"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_UP:
up = True
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_LEFT:
left = True
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_RIGHT:
right = True
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_UP:
up = False
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_LEFT:
left = False
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_RIGHT:
right = False
我们可以将它们重写为：
for e in pygame.event.get():
if e.type == QUIT: raise SystemExit, "QUIT"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
raise SystemExit, "ESCAPE"
pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
up, left, right = [pressed[key] for key in (K_UP, K_LEFT, K_RIGHT)]
这个稍后会派上用场。
回到主题：我们想要的是一堆不同的场景。每个Scene必须负责自己的屏幕渲染和事件处理。
让我们尝试将现有代码提取到游戏场景中，以便以后可以添加其他场景。我们首先创建一个空的
Sceneclass Scene(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def render(self, screen):
raise NotImplementedError
def update(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def handle_events(self, events):
raise NotImplementedError
我们的计划是覆盖每个子类中的每个方法，因此我们在基类中提出
NotImplementedError现在让我们将与运行游戏状态相关的所有内容（基本上是所有内容）放入一个新的
GameSceneclass GameScene(Scene):
def __init__(self):
super(GameScene, self).__init__()
level = 0
self.bg = Surface((32,32))
self.bg.convert()
self.bg.fill(Color("#0094FF"))
up = left = right = False
self.entities = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.player = Player(32, 32)
self.enemy = Enemy(32,32)
self.platforms = []
x = 0
y = 0
if level == 0:
level = [
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" E ",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",]
#background = pygame.image.load("Untitled.png")
total_level_width = len(level[0]) * 32
total_level_height = len(level) * 32
# build the level
for row in level:
for col in row:
if col == "P":
p = Platform(x, y)
self.platforms.append(p)
self.entities.add(p)
if col == "E":
e = ExitBlock(x, y)
self.platforms.append(e)
self.entities.add(e)
x += 32
y += 32
x = 0
self.camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)
self.entities.add(self.player)
self.entities.add(self.enemy)
def render(self, screen):
for y in range(20):
for x in range(25):
screen.blit(self.bg, (x * 32, y * 32))
for e in self.entities:
screen.blit(e.image, self.camera.apply(e))
def update(self):
pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
up, left, right = [pressed[key] for key in (K_UP, K_LEFT, K_RIGHT)]
self.player.update(up, left, right, self.platforms)
self.enemy.update(self.platforms)
self.camera.update(self.player)
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
pass #somehow go back to menu
虽然还不完美，但是一个好的开始。与实际游戏玩法相关的所有内容都被提取到其自己的类中。有些变量必须是实例变量，因此必须通过
self现在我们需要更改
maindef main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(DISPLAY, FLAGS, DEPTH)
pygame.display.set_caption("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True
scene = GameScene()
while running:
timer.tick(60)
if pygame.event.get(QUIT):
running = False
return
scene.handle_events(pygame.event.get())
scene.update()
scene.render(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
请注意，我更改了两件小事情：我使用
pygame.event.get(QUIT)QUITscene.handle_events(pygame.event.get())此时，我们可以考虑将一些类提取到自己的文件中，但让我们继续。
让我们创建一个标题菜单：
class TitleScene(object):
def __init__(self):
super(TitleScene, self).__init__()
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 56)
self.sfont = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 32)
def render(self, screen):
# beware: ugly!
screen.fill((0, 200, 0))
text1 = self.font.render('Crazy Game', True, (255, 255, 255))
text2 = self.sfont.render('> press space to start <', True, (255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text1, (200, 50))
screen.blit(text2, (200, 350))
def update(self):
pass
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_SPACE:
self.manager.go_to(GameScene(0))
这仅显示绿色背景和一些文本。如果玩家按下SPACE，我们要开始第一个关卡。注意这一行：
self.manager.go_to(GameScene(0))
这里我将参数
0GameSceneclass GameScene(Scene):
def __init__(self, level):
...
正如您已经猜到的那样，
level = 0那么它是什么
self.managerclass SceneMananger(object):
def __init__(self):
self.go_to(TitleScene())
def go_to(self, scene):
self.scene = scene
self.scene.manager = self
它从标题场景开始，并将每个场景
manager让我们使用新的
SceneManangerdef main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(DISPLAY, FLAGS, DEPTH)
pygame.display.set_caption("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True
manager = SceneMananger()
while running:
timer.tick(60)
if pygame.event.get(QUIT):
running = False
return
manager.scene.handle_events(pygame.event.get())
manager.scene.update()
manager.scene.render(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
简单明了。让我们快速添加第二个关卡和获胜/失败屏幕，我们就完成了。
class CustomScene(object):
def __init__(self, text):
self.text = text
super(CustomScene, self).__init__()
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 56)
def render(self, screen):
# ugly!
screen.fill((0, 200, 0))
text1 = self.font.render(self.text, True, (255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text1, (200, 50))
def update(self):
pass
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN:
self.manager.go_to(TitleScene())
下面是完整的代码。请注意
Playermain此外，我还更改了玩家和敌人的位置。现在，您指定实体将出现在关卡中的位置。例如。
Player(5, 40)我将级别的描述提取到名为
levels*Eimport pygame
from pygame import *
WIN_WIDTH = 1120 - 320
WIN_HEIGHT = 960 - 320
HALF_WIDTH = int(WIN_WIDTH / 2)
HALF_HEIGHT = int(WIN_HEIGHT / 2)
DISPLAY = (WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT)
DEPTH = 0
FLAGS = 0
CAMERA_SLACK = 30
levels = {0: {'level': [
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" E ",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",],
'enemies': [(9, 38)]},
1: {'level': [
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" E ",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPPP PPPP",
"PPP P PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPP P PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",],
'enemies': [(9, 38), (18, 38), (15, 15)]}}
class Scene(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def render(self, screen):
raise NotImplementedError
def update(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def handle_events(self, events):
raise NotImplementedError
class GameScene(Scene):
def __init__(self, levelno):
super(GameScene, self).__init__()
self.bg = Surface((32,32))
self.bg.convert()
self.bg.fill(Color("#0094FF"))
up = left = right = False
self.entities = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.player = Player(5, 40)
self.player.scene = self
self.platforms = []
self.levelno = levelno
levelinfo = levels[levelno]
self.enemies = [Enemy(*pos) for pos in levelinfo['enemies']]
level = levelinfo['level']
total_level_width = len(level[0]) * 32
total_level_height = len(level) * 32
# build the level
x = 0
y = 0
for row in level:
for col in row:
if col == "P":
p = Platform(x, y)
self.platforms.append(p)
self.entities.add(p)
if col == "E":
e = ExitBlock(x, y)
self.platforms.append(e)
self.entities.add(e)
x += 32
y += 32
x = 0
self.camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)
self.entities.add(self.player)
for e in self.enemies:
self.entities.add(e)
def render(self, screen):
for y in range(20):
for x in range(25):
screen.blit(self.bg, (x * 32, y * 32))
for e in self.entities:
screen.blit(e.image, self.camera.apply(e))
def update(self):
pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
up, left, right = [pressed[key] for key in (K_UP, K_LEFT, K_RIGHT)]
self.player.update(up, left, right, self.platforms)
for e in self.enemies:
e.update(self.platforms)
self.camera.update(self.player)
def exit(self):
if self.levelno+1 in levels:
self.manager.go_to(GameScene(self.levelno+1))
else:
self.manager.go_to(CustomScene("You win!"))
def die(self):
self.manager.go_to(CustomScene("You lose!"))
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
self.manager.go_to(TitleScene())
class CustomScene(object):
def __init__(self, text):
self.text = text
super(CustomScene, self).__init__()
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 56)
def render(self, screen):
# ugly!
screen.fill((0, 200, 0))
text1 = self.font.render(self.text, True, (255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text1, (200, 50))
def update(self):
pass
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN:
self.manager.go_to(TitleScene())
class TitleScene(object):
def __init__(self):
super(TitleScene, self).__init__()
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 56)
self.sfont = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 32)
def render(self, screen):
# ugly!
screen.fill((0, 200, 0))
text1 = self.font.render('Crazy Game', True, (255, 255, 255))
text2 = self.sfont.render('> press space to start <', True, (255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text1, (200, 50))
screen.blit(text2, (200, 350))
def update(self):
pass
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_SPACE:
self.manager.go_to(GameScene(0))
class SceneMananger(object):
def __init__(self):
self.go_to(TitleScene())
def go_to(self, scene):
self.scene = scene
self.scene.manager = self
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(DISPLAY, FLAGS, DEPTH)
pygame.display.set_caption("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True
manager = SceneMananger()
while running:
timer.tick(60)
if pygame.event.get(QUIT):
running = False
return
manager.scene.handle_events(pygame.event.get())
manager.scene.update()
manager.scene.render(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
class Camera(object):
def __init__(self, camera_func, width, height):
self.camera_func = camera_func
self.state = Rect(0, 0, width, height)
def apply(self, target):
try:
return target.rect.move(self.state.topleft)
except AttributeError:
return map(sum, zip(target, self.state.topleft))
def update(self, target):
self.state = self.camera_func(self.state, target.rect)
def complex_camera(camera, target_rect):
l, t, _, _ = target_rect
_, _, w, h = camera
l, t, _, _ = -l + HALF_WIDTH, -t +HALF_HEIGHT, w, h
l = min(0, l) # stop scrolling left
l = max(-(camera.width - WIN_WIDTH), l) # stop scrolling right
t = max(-(camera.height-WIN_HEIGHT), t) # stop scrolling bottom
return Rect(l, t, w, h)
class Entity(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
class Player(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
self.xvel = 0
self.yvel = 0
self.onGround = False
self.image = Surface((32,32))
self.image.fill(Color("#0000FF"))
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x*32, y*32, 32, 32)
def update(self, up, left, right, platforms):
if self.rect.top > 1440 or self.rect.top < 0:
self.scene.die()
if self.rect.left > 1408 or self.rect.right < 0:
self.scene.die()
if up:
if self.onGround:
self.yvel = 0
self.yvel -= 10 # only jump if on the ground
if left:
self.xvel = -10
if right:
self.xvel = 10
if not self.onGround:
self.yvel += 0.3 # only accelerate with gravity if in the air
if self.yvel > 80: self.yvel = 80 # max falling speed
if not(left or right):
self.xvel = 0
self.rect.left += self.xvel # increment in x direction
if self.collide(self.xvel, 0, platforms): # do x-axis collisions
self.rect.top += self.yvel # increment in y direction
self.onGround = False; # assuming we're in the air
self.collide(0, self.yvel, platforms) # do y-axis collisions
def collide(self, xvel, yvel, platforms):
for p in platforms:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, p):
if isinstance(p, ExitBlock):
self.scene.exit()
return False
if xvel > 0: self.rect.right = p.rect.left
if xvel < 0: self.rect.left = p.rect.right
if yvel > 0:
self.rect.bottom = p.rect.top
self.onGround = True
if yvel < 0:
self.rect.top = p.rect.bottom
return True
class Enemy(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
self.yVel = 0
self.xVel = 2 # start moving immediately
self.image = Surface((32,32))
self.image.fill(Color("#00FF00"))
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x*32, y*32, 32, 32)
self.onGround = False
def update(self, platforms):
if not self.onGround:
self.yVel += 0.3
# no need for right_dis to be a member of the class,
# since we know we are moving right if self.xVel > 0
right_dis = self.xVel > 0
# create a point at our left (or right) feet
# to check if we reached the end of the platform
m = (1, 1) if right_dis else (-1, 1)
p = self.rect.bottomright if right_dis else self.rect.bottomleft
fp = map(sum, zip(m, p))
# if there's no platform in front of us, change the direction
collide = any(p for p in platforms if p.rect.collidepoint(fp))
if not collide:
self.xVel *= -1
self.rect.left += self.xVel # increment in x direction
self.collide(self.xVel, 0, platforms) # do x-axis collisions
self.rect.top += self.yVel # increment in y direction
self.onGround = False; # assuming we're in the air
self.collide(0, self.yVel, platforms) # do y-axis collisions
def collide(self, xVel, yVel, platforms):
for p in platforms:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, p):
if xVel > 0:
self.rect.right = p.rect.left
self.xVel *= -1 # hit wall, so change direction
if xVel < 0:
self.rect.left = p.rect.right
self.xVel *= -1 # hit wall, so change direction
if yVel > 0:
self.rect.bottom = p.rect.top
self.onGround = True
if yVel < 0:
self.rect.top = p.rect.bottom
class Platform(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
#self.image = Surface([32, 32], pygame.SRCALPHA, 32) #makes blocks invisible for much better artwork
self.image = Surface((32,32)) #makes blocks visible for building levels
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x, y, 32, 32)
def update(self):
pass
class ExitBlock(Platform):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Platform.__init__(self, x, y)
self.image = Surface((32,32)) #makes blocks visible for building levels
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x, y, 32, 32)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
我还制作了一个游戏，其中有游戏菜单、关卡菜单、加载部分和游戏部分。
我的做法是在主游戏循环中，
我通过了一堆 elif 语句来确定游戏处于什么“模式”，并执行适当的操作。
它看起来效果很好，我建议你也尝试一下。
我意识到我的代码真的很长，但是如果你去它说的地方
#game loop#basic stuff
import pygame, sys, random
pygame.init()
window=pygame.display.set_mode((1500, 800), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
winrect=window.get_rect()
#colors
GREEN=(19, 225, 30)
BLUE=(41, 2, 245)
YELLOW=(251, 240, 32)
WHITE=(255, 255, 255)
BLACK=(0, 0, 0)
RED=(255, 0, 0)
#text
bigfont=pygame.font.SysFont('calibri', 75)
font=pygame.font.SysFont('calibri', 40)
texts={}
so=bigfont.render('Ball Bounce', True, BLUE)
rect=so.get_rect()
rect.top=winrect.top+100
rect.centerx=winrect.centerx
texts['title']=[so, rect]
so=font.render('Start', True, BLUE)
rect=so.get_rect()
so1=pygame.Surface((400, 50))
so2=pygame.Surface((400, 50))
rect1=so1.get_rect()
so1.fill(YELLOW)
so2.fill(RED)
pygame.draw.rect(so1, BLACK, rect1, 5)
pygame.draw.rect(so2, BLACK, rect1, 5)
rect.center=rect1.center
so1.blit(so, rect)
so2.blit(so, rect)
rect1.centerx=winrect.centerx
rect1.top=texts['title'][1].top+300
texts['start']=[so1, rect1, so2]
so=bigfont.render('Levels', True, BLUE)
rect=so.get_rect()
rect.centerx=winrect.centerx
rect.top=winrect.top+100
texts['levels']=[so, rect]
#levels [locked, unlocked, completed/mouseover, rect, state(locked, unlocked, completed)]
levels=[]
lock=pygame.image.load('images/lock.png').convert()
lock=pygame.transform.scale(lock, (100, 100))
lock.set_colorkey(lock.get_at((1, 1)))
for i in range(1, 21):
so=pygame.Surface((100, 100))
so.fill(YELLOW)
rect=so.get_rect()
pygame.draw.rect(so, BLACK, rect, 5)
so1=pygame.Surface((100, 100))
so1.fill(RED)
pygame.draw.rect(so1, BLACK, rect, 5)
text=font.render(str(i), True, BLUE)
textrect=text.get_rect()
textrect.center=rect.center
so.blit(text, textrect)
so1.blit(text, textrect)
locked=pygame.Surface((100, 100))
locked.blit(so, rect)
locked.blit(lock, lock.get_rect())
if i<=5:
rect.top=texts['levels'][1].bottom+25
elif i<=10:
rect.top=levels[0][3].bottom+50
elif i<=15:
rect.top=levels[7][3].bottom+50
else:
rect.top=levels[12][3].bottom+50
if i==1 or i==6 or i==11 or i==16:
rect.right=winrect.centerx-200
elif i==2 or i==7 or i==12 or i==17:
rect.right=winrect.centerx-75
elif i==3 or i==8 or i==13 or i==18:
rect.centerx=winrect.centerx
elif i==4 or i==9 or i==14 or i==19:
rect.left=winrect.centerx+75
else:
rect.left=winrect.centerx+200
if i==1:
levels.append([locked, so, so1, rect, 1])
else:
levels.append([locked, so, so1, rect, 1])
#Wall class (0=horizontal, 1=vertical)
class cwall(pygame.Rect):
'orientation (hor, vert), location, holesize, winrect'
def __init__(self, orientation, location, holesize, winrect):
self.orientation=orientation
if orientation==0:
self.height=5
self.width=winrect.width
self.centery=location
if orientation==1:
self.width=5
self.height=winrect.height
self.centerx=location
self.holesize=holesize
self.bbottomright=round(pygame.mouse.get_pos()[self.orientation]+self.holesize/2)
self.ttopleft=round(pygame.mouse.get_pos()[self.orientation]-self.holesize/2)
def update(self):
self.bbottomright=round(pygame.mouse.get_pos()[self.orientation]+self.holesize/2)
self.ttopleft=round(pygame.mouse.get_pos()[self.orientation]-self.holesize/2)
if self.bbottomright<self.holesize:
self.bbottomright=self.holesize
if self.ttopleft>self.right-self.holesize and self.orientation==0:
self.ttopleft=self.right-self.holesize
if self.ttopleft>self.bottom-self.holesize and self.orientation==1:
self.ttopleft=self.bottom-self.holesize
#Ball Class
class cball(pygame.Rect):
'diameter, speed, color, winrect'
def __init__(self, diameter, speed, color, winrect):
self.width=diameter
self.height=diameter
self.speed=speed
self.color=color
self.direction=random.randint(1, 4)
self.center=(random.randint(round(diameter/2), round(winrect.right-diameter/2)), random.randint(round(diameter/2), round(winrect.bottom-diameter/2)))
def update(self, winrect, walls):
if self.direction/2==round(self.direction/2):
self.right+=self.speed
else:
self.right-=self.speed
if self.direction<=2:
self.top+=self.speed
else:
self.top-=self.speed
for wall in walls:
if wall.collidepoint(self.center):
if wall.orientation==0 and (self.centerx<wall.ttopleft or self.centerx>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=3
self.bottom=wall.top
elif self.direction==2:
self.direction=4
self.bottom=wall.top
elif self.direction==3:
self.direction=1
self.top=wall.bottom
else:
self.direction=2
self.top=wall.bottom
elif wall.orientation==1 and (self.centery<wall.ttopleft or self.centery>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=2
self.left=wall.right
elif self.direction==2:
self.direction=1
self.right=wall.left
elif self.direction==3:
self.direction=4
self.left=wall.right
else:
self.direction=3
self.right=wall.left
elif wall.orientation==0:
if self.bottom>wall.top and self.centery<wall.top and (self.centerx<wall.ttopleft or self.centerx>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=3
self.bottom=wall.top
elif self.direction==2:
self.direction=4
self.bottom=wall.top
elif self.top<wall.bottom and self.centery>wall.bottom and (self.centerx<wall.ttopleft or self.centerx>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==3:
self.direction=1
self.top=wall.bottom
if self.direction==4:
self.direction=2
self.top=wall.bottom
else:
if self.left<wall.right and self.centerx>wall.right and (self.centery<wall.ttopleft or self.centery>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=2
self.left=wall.right
elif self.direction==3:
self.direction=4
self.left=wall.right
elif self.right>wall.left and self.centerx<wall.left and (self.centery<wall.ttopleft or self.centery>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==2:
self.direction=1
self.right=wall.left
if self.direction==4:
self.direction=3
self.right=wall.left
if self.top<0:
if self.direction==3:
self.direction=1
self.top=0
elif self.direction==4:
self.direction=2
self.topn=0
if self.bottom>winrect.bottom:
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=3
self.bottom=winrect.bottom
elif self.direction==2:
self.direction=4
self.bottom=winrect.bottom
if self.left<0:
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=2
self.left=0
elif self.direction==3:
self.direction=4
self.left=0
if self.right>winrect.right:
if self.direction==2:
self.direction=1
self.right=winrect.right
if self.direction==4:
self.direction=3
self.right=winrect.right
for box in boxes:
if box[0].collidepoint(self.center) and self.color==box[1]:
return True
return False
#Game loop setup
mode='title'
#Game loop
while True:
if mode=='title':
#event loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if texts['start'][1].collidepoint(event.pos):
mode='levels'
if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key==pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
#screen update
window.fill(GREEN)
mouse=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
if texts['start'][1].collidepoint(mouse):
window.blit(texts['start'][2], texts['start'][1])
else:
window.blit(texts['start'][0], texts['start'][1])
window.blit(texts['title'][0], texts['title'][1])
pygame.display.update()
elif mode=='levels':
#event loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
for level in levels:
if level[3].collidepoint(event.pos) and level[4]!=0:
mode='loading'
loadinglevel=levels.index(level)+1
if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key==pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
#screen update
window.fill(GREEN)
for level in levels:
if level[3].collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()) and level[4]==1:
window.blit(level[2], level[3])
else:
window.blit(level[level[4]], level[3])
window.blit(texts['levels'][0], texts['levels'][1])
pygame.display.update()
elif mode=='loading':
if loadinglevel==1:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), GREEN), (pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), YELLOW))
elif loadinglevel==2:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), GREEN), (pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), YELLOW))
elif loadinglevel==3:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/3, 100, winrect), cwall(1, 2*winrect.width/3, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, BLUE, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), GREEN), (pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/3), 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), YELLOW),
(pygame.Rect(round(2*winrect.width/3), 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), BLUE))
elif loadinglevel==4:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/3, 100, winrect), cwall(1, 2*winrect.width/3, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, BLUE, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), GREEN), (pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/3), 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), YELLOW),
(pygame.Rect(round(2*winrect.width/3), 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), BLUE))
elif loadinglevel==7:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect), cwall(0, winrect.height/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, BLUE, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, RED, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), GREEN),
(pygame.Rect(0, round(winrect.height/2), round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), RED),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), YELLOW),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2), round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), BLUE))
elif loadinglevel==8:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect), cwall(0, winrect.height/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, BLUE, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, RED, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), GREEN),
(pygame.Rect(0, round(winrect.height/2), round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), RED),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), YELLOW),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2), round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), BLUE))
elif loadinglevel==5:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect), cwall(0, winrect.height/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(10):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, RED, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), RED),
(pygame.Rect(0, round(winrect.height/2), winrect.width, round(winrect.height/2)), WHITE),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), WHITE))
elif loadinglevel==6:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect), cwall(0, winrect.height/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(20):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, RED, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), RED),
(pygame.Rect(0, round(winrect.height/2), winrect.width, round(winrect.height/2)), WHITE),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), WHITE))
mode='playing'
elif mode=='playing':
while True:
#event loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key==pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
#updates
updates=[]
for wall in walls:
wall.update()
for ball in balls:
updates.append(ball.update(winrect, walls))
#Seeing if won
won=True
for update in updates:
if not update:
won=False
break
if won:
if levels[loadinglevel][4]==0:
levels[loadinglevel][4]=1
levels[loadinglevel-1][4]=2
mode='levels'
break
#blitting
window.fill(WHITE)
for box in boxes:
pygame.draw.rect(window, box[1], box[0])
for wall in walls:
if wall.orientation==0:
pygame.draw.rect(window, BLACK, (wall.left, wall.top, wall.ttopleft, wall.height))
pygame.draw.rect(window, BLACK, (wall.bbottomright, wall.top, wall.right-wall.bbottomright, wall.height))
else:
pygame.draw.rect(window, BLACK, (wall.left, wall.top, wall.width, wall.ttopleft))
pygame.draw.rect(window, BLACK, (wall.left, wall.bbottomright, wall.width, wall.bottom-wall.holesize))
for ball in balls:
pygame.draw.circle(window, ball.color, ball.center, round(ball.width/2))
pygame.draw.circle(window, BLACK, ball.center, round(ball.width/2), 2)
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.Clock().tick(100)