具有多个属性的Object.create（）的简写

Question

如果我想在JavaScript中创建一个具有到另一个对象的原型链接的对象，但是它有几个自己的属性，我该怎么做呢？

var object1 = {
  a: 1,
  b: 2
};

var object2 = Object.create( object1 );
object2.c = 3;
object2.d = 4;

console.log( object2 ); // my new object with object1 as it's prototype link

我的挑战是我必须一次设置一个object2的属性。

我的另一个选择是：

var object1 = {
  a: 1,
  b: 2
};

var object2 = {
  c: 3,
  d: 4
};
    
Object.setPrototypeOf( object2, object1 );

console.log( object2 );

我上面的挑战是表现应该是可怕的。也就是说，setPrototypeOf很慢。 https://jsperf.com/object-create-vs-object-setprototypeof

然后，当然，你提供的“速记”，writeable，enumerable以及Object.create()的所有内容，但这并不是真正的简写。

有任何想法吗？

Answer 1

作为Object.assign的替代方法，请记住Object.create接受第二个参数，其中包含要添加到对象的属性描述符：

var object1 = {
  a: 1,
  b: 2
};
var object2 = Object.create(object1, {
  c: {value: 3, enumerable: true},
  d: {value: 4, enumerable: true}
});
console.log( object2 ); // my new object with object1 as it's prototype link

请注意，默认值是不可配置的，不可写的和不可枚举的。

如果这是一个问题，ES2017引入了Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors。

var object1 = {
  a: 1,
  b: 2
};
var object2 = Object.create(object1, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors({
  c: 3,
  d: 4
}));
console.log( object2 ); // my new object with object1 as it's prototype link

Answer 2

您可以将Object.create与Object.assign结合使用：

var object2 = Object.assign(Object.create(object1), {
    c: 3,
    d: 4
});

Answer 3

通常，当我们讨论设置和交换原型时，我们讨论的是构造函数，它们被实例化为对象而不是对象文本本身。

你当然可以在这种情况下手动切换原型（这是原型继承的基础）并且会导致你继承正确的属性，但是你现在还必须在派生对象的实例被制作时处理构造函数问题。

但是，这种技术很快，因为它只需要创建一个新实例，然后在prototype属性中设置引用。

function object1(){
  this.a = 1;
  this.b = 2;
  console.log("object1 has been invoked");
};

function object2(){
  console.log("object2 has been invoked");
  this.c = 3;
  this.d = 4;
};
    
// It's very important that the prototype be set to a NEW instance
// of the super-object so that you don't wind up sharing a prototype
// with other unintended objects.
object2.prototype = new object1();

// object2.prototype.constructor was the function object2
// But now that object2 has had its prototype swapped out
// to object1, when new instances of object2 are made, the
// constructor for object1 will execute. To fix this, we
// just need to reset the constructor property of the new
// prototype that we just set. That's another reason we created
// a new instance of object1, so we could modify the constructor
// of that instance without screwing up other instances of object1
// that may be in use. object2 will use object1 as 
// it's prototype, but that particular instance of object1
// will have object2 set as the constructor to use when instances
// are needed.
object2.prototype.constructor = object2;

console.log( new object2() );