我需要一些有关Python脚本的帮助。它工作了好几次，但是我只添加了一些time.sleep（），现在脚本不起作用了：它无法通过SSH或Telnet连接到交换机。
我还需要一些技巧来优化它，因为我不是专业人士，我想学习更多有关脚本的知识。
谢谢！
（对不起，法语评论：/）
import paramiko, time, re, os
from ciscoconfparse import CiscoConfParse
import telnetlib
###cherche hotes depuis fichier hosts.txt###
with open("./hosts/hosts.txt","r") as f:
hosts = re.findall(r'(\d+.\d+.\d+.\d+)', f.read())
f.close()
###boucle pour chaque hotes###
for host in hosts:
state = ""
running_config = ""
try:
###Connexion SSH switch###
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect(host, username='admin', password='XXXXX')
###création shell interactif###
connection = client.invoke_shell()
###commande enable###
connection.send("enable\n")
time.sleep(1)
connection.send("XXXX\n")
###commande running-config###
connection.send("terminal length 0\n") ###Permet l'affichage de l'intégralité des commande###
time.sleep(1)
connection.send("show running-config\n")
###récupération commande running-config###
resp_run = connection.recv(10000).decode(encoding='utf-8')
###fermeture sessions SSH###
connection.close()
client.close()
###Traitement running-config###
regex = re.compile(r'(Current configuration : (.+\n)+end)')
res = re.findall (regex, resp_run)
running_config = res[0][0] ###aide appel variable
except:
###si fail SSH test telnet###
state = "SSH NOK "###Permet génération rapport###
try:
###connexion telnet si SSH NOK###
session = telnetlib.Telnet(host, 23)
session.write(b"admin\n")
session.read_until(b"Password: ")
session.write(b"XXXXXX\n")
time.sleep(1)
session.write(b"enable\n")
session.read_until(b"Password: ")
session.write(b"XXXXXX\n")
session.read_until(b"#")
session.write(b"term len 0\n")
session.write(b"show run\n")
res = session.read_until(b"\nend").decode('utf-8')
###fermeture session telnet###
session.close()
###récupération commande running-config###
regex = re.compile(r'(Current configuration : (.+\n)+end)')
res = re.findall(regex, res)
running_config = res[0][0] ###aide appel variable###
except:
state += "TELNET NOK"###Permet génération rapport###
###Création fichier running_config.txt + dir selon host###
newpath = ('./config_switch/'+host+'/')
if not os.path.exists(newpath):
os.makedirs(newpath)
f = open("./config_switch/"+host+"/running_config.txt", "w+")
f.write(running_config)
f.close()
###test ssh telnet pour rapport###
if not state:
print (host+" OK")
else:
print (host+" : "+state+" ERREUR")
###generation rapport###
f = open("./rapport.txt","a")
f.write(state)
f.close()
###arrêt de 2sec par sécurité###
time.sleep(2)
如果网络中具有不同的版本/型号设备，则应该具有良好的错误处理机制。因此，我们将以下功能用于某些可能对您有帮助的操作。
代码（SSH连接）：
#Make Connection To Device Through SSH (If returns None Do Not Proceed)
def connectToCPESSH(ip, uname, pin, CI_LOCAL_ID, CI_Name, CI_Org_Name, runIDnull):
ip = ip.strip()
SSHCliente = None
try:
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect(ip, port=22, username=uname, password=pin,
timeout=240,banner_timeout=250, auth_timeout=500)
SSHCliente = client.invoke_shell()
return SSHCliente
except paramiko.ssh_exception.SSHException as ssh1Err:
return "Equipment SSH version error : " + str(ssh1Err)
if isinstance(SSHCliente, paramiko.channel.Channel):
SSHCliente.close()
sys.exit()
return None
except Exception as e:
if isinstance(SSHCliente, paramiko.channel.Channel):
SSHCliente.close()
try:
tln = telnetlib.Telnet(ip)
print("Use Telnet Access to " + str(e) + " ### " + str(t))
except Exception as t:
print("Crab! Both Telnet and SSH Connection Failed ! " + str(e) + " ### " + str(t))
return None
因此，在上面的代码中，我们尝试通过SSH连接，如果遇到关于SSHException的错误，我们将其记录下来；如果遇到任何错误，请尝试Telnet（这是可选的，对于某些旧设备，我们使用Telnet）。
代码（等待提示：仅硬件和思科）
#Wait Prompt For The First Connection
def waitForPrompt(cxn):
appendedScrnRslt = ""
lastScrnRslt = ""
routerType = ""
outerLoop = True
timerx = 0
while outerLoop == True:
tempScrn = cxn.recv(65100).decode('ascii')
if(lastScrnRslt != tempScrn):
appendedScrnRslt += tempScrn
lastScrnRslt = tempScrn
if("#" in tempScrn or ">" in tempScrn or "]" in tempScrn):
if("#" in tempScrn):
routerType = "Cisco"
if(("<" in tempScrn and ">" in tempScrn) or ("[" in tempScrn and "]" in tempScrn) ):
routerType = "Huawei"
break
timerx += 1
if(timerx >= 100):
logging.warn("Uppss! No Connection")
routerType = "N/A"
break
return routerType
等待提示很有帮助，如果您提早行动，您的命令将不会发送到设备，如果您提早行动，您的cxn可能会终止。因此，仅检查提示（HW：，Cisco：your-router-name＃）会更好。
代码（发送和接收）：
#Send Command and Recevie CIdatafromSQL
def sendCmdToSSH(cxn, cmd, routerType, timeout):
appendedScrnRslt = ""
lastScrnRslt = ""
cxn.send(bytes(cmd+ "\x0D", 'utf-8'))
time.sleep(2)
timery = time.perf_counter()
while time.perf_counter() - timery <= timeout:
if(routerType == "Cisco"):
tempScrn = cxn.recv(65100).decode('ascii')
if(lastScrnRslt != tempScrn):
appendedScrnRslt += tempScrn
lastScrnRslt = tempScrn
arrTmp = tempScrn.split('\r\n')
arrTmp.reverse()
if("#" in arrTmp[0]):
break
arrTmp = []
if(routerType == "Huawei"):
tempScrn = cxn.recv(65100).decode('ascii')
if(lastScrnRslt != tempScrn):
appendedScrnRslt += tempScrn
lastScrnRslt = tempScrn
arrTmp = tempScrn.split('\r\n')
arrTmp.reverse()
if(">" in arrTmp[0] or "]" in arrTmp[0] ):
break
arrTmp = []
return appendedScrnRslt
如果发生某些错误，发送和接收需要超时以中断连接，我们也明确需要屏幕结果。
代码（要从Cisco获取所有正在运行的配置）：
singleSSHCxn = connectToCPESSH(ip, uname, pin, CI_LOCAL_ID, CI_Name,
CI_Org_Name, runIDnull)
sendCmdToSSH(singleSSHCxn, "terminal length 0", "Cisco", 120)
cliResult = sendCmdToSSH(singleSSHCxn, "show running-config", "Cisco", 200)
sendCmdToSSH(singleSSHCxn, "exit", "Cisco", 120)
希望这可以解决您的问题。