我有一个带有一些相关值的矩阵。现在我想将其绘制在一个看起来或多或少像这样的图表中:
我怎样才能实现这一目标?
快速、肮脏、大致目标:
library(lattice)
#Build the horizontal and vertical axis information
hor <- c("214", "215", "216", "224", "211", "212", "213", "223", "226", "225")
ver <- paste("DM1-", hor, sep="")
#Build the fake correlation matrix
nrowcol <- length(ver)
cor <- matrix(runif(nrowcol*nrowcol, min=0.4), nrow=nrowcol, ncol=nrowcol, dimnames = list(hor, ver))
for (i in 1:nrowcol) cor[i,i] = 1
#Build the plot
rgb.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("blue", "yellow"), space = "rgb")
levelplot(cor, main="stage 12-14 array correlation matrix", xlab="", ylab="", col.regions=rgb.palette(120), cuts=100, at=seq(0,1,0.01))
使用lattice::levelplot非常简单:
z <- cor(mtcars)
require(lattice)
levelplot(z)
ggplot2 库可以使用
geom_tile()
来处理这个问题。看起来上面的图中可能已经进行了一些重新调整,因为没有任何负相关性,因此请在您的数据中考虑到这一点。使用 mtcars
数据集:
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape)
z <- cor(mtcars)
z.m <- melt(z)
ggplot(z.m, aes(X1, X2, fill = value)) + geom_tile() +
scale_fill_gradient(low = "blue", high = "yellow")
编辑:
ggplot(z.m, aes(X1, X2, fill = value)) + geom_tile() +
scale_fill_gradient2(low = "blue", high = "yellow")
使用 corrplot 包:
library(corrplot)
data(mtcars)
M <- cor(mtcars)
## different color series
col1 <- colorRampPalette(c("#7F0000","red","#FF7F00","yellow","white",
"cyan", "#007FFF", "blue","#00007F"))
col2 <- colorRampPalette(c("#67001F", "#B2182B", "#D6604D", "#F4A582", "#FDDBC7",
"#FFFFFF", "#D1E5F0", "#92C5DE", "#4393C3", "#2166AC", "#053061"))
col3 <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue"))
col4 <- colorRampPalette(c("#7F0000","red","#FF7F00","yellow","#7FFF7F",
"cyan", "#007FFF", "blue","#00007F"))
wb <- c("white","black")
par(ask = TRUE)
## different color scale and methods to display corr-matrix
corrplot(M, method="number", col="black", addcolorlabel="no")
corrplot(M, method="number")
corrplot(M)
corrplot(M, order ="AOE")
corrplot(M, order ="AOE", addCoef.col="grey")
corrplot(M, order="AOE", col=col1(20), cl.length=21,addCoef.col="grey")
corrplot(M, order="AOE", col=col1(10),addCoef.col="grey")
corrplot(M, order="AOE", col=col2(200))
corrplot(M, order="AOE", col=col2(200),addCoef.col="grey")
corrplot(M, order="AOE", col=col2(20), cl.length=21,addCoef.col="grey")
corrplot(M, order="AOE", col=col2(10),addCoef.col="grey")
corrplot(M, order="AOE", col=col3(100))
corrplot(M, order="AOE", col=col3(10))
corrplot(M, method="color", col=col1(20), cl.length=21,order = "AOE", addCoef.col="grey")
if(TRUE){
corrplot(M, method="square", col=col2(200),order = "AOE")
corrplot(M, method="ellipse", col=col1(200),order = "AOE")
corrplot(M, method="shade", col=col3(20),order = "AOE")
corrplot(M, method="pie", order = "AOE")
## col=wb
corrplot(M, col = wb, order="AOE", outline=TRUE, addcolorlabel="no")
## like Chinese wiqi, suit for either on screen or white-black print.
corrplot(M, col = wb, bg="gold2", order="AOE", addcolorlabel="no")
}
例如:
相当优雅的IMO
这种类型的图表在其他术语中被称为“热图”。获得相关矩阵后,使用各种教程之一绘制它。
使用基础图形: http://flowingdata.com/2010/01/21/how-to-make-a-heatmap-a-quick-and-easy-solution/
使用ggplot2: http://learnr.wordpress.com/2010/01/26/ggplot2-quick-heatmap-plotting/
我一直在研究与@daroczig 发布的可视化类似的东西,@Ulrik 使用
plotcorr()
包的 ellipse
函数发布代码。我喜欢使用椭圆来表示相关性,并使用颜色来表示负相关和正相关。然而,我希望引人注目的颜色能够在接近 1 和 -1 的相关性中脱颖而出,而不是在接近 0 的相关性中脱颖而出。
我创建了一种替代方案,其中白色椭圆覆盖在彩色圆圈上。每个白色椭圆的大小都经过调整,使其后面可见的彩色圆圈的比例等于相关性的平方。当相关性接近 1 和 -1 时,白色椭圆很小,大部分彩色圆圈可见。当相关性接近 0 时,白色椭圆很大,并且几乎看不到彩色圆圈。
该函数
plotcor()
可在 https://github.com/JVAdams/jvamisc/blob/master/R/plotcor.r. 获取
使用
mtcars
数据集生成的图示例如下所示。
library(plotrix)
library(seriation)
library(MASS)
plotcor(cor(mtcars), mar=c(0.1, 4, 4, 0.1))
corrplot R 包中的 corrplot() 函数也可用于绘制相关图。
library(corrplot)
M<-cor(mtcars) # compute correlation matrix
corrplot(M, method="circle")
此处发布了几篇描述如何计算和可视化相关矩阵的文章:
rplot()
包中的
corrr
感兴趣(https://cran.rstudio.com/web/packages/corrr/index.html),其中可以生成 @daroczig 提到的那种图,但要设计数据管道方法:
install.packages("corrr")
library(corrr)
mtcars %>% correlate() %>% rplot()
mtcars %>% correlate() %>% rearrange() %>% rplot()
mtcars %>% correlate() %>% rearrange() %>% rplot(shape = 15)
mtcars %>% correlate() %>% rearrange() %>% shave() %>% rplot(shape = 15)
mtcars %>% correlate() %>% rearrange(absolute = FALSE) %>% rplot(shape = 15)
qtlcharts 包创建的交互式热图。
install.packages("qtlcharts")
library(qtlcharts)
iplotCorr(mat=mtcars, group=mtcars$cyl, reorder=TRUE)
下面是结果图的静态图像。 您可以在
椭圆散点图确实来自 ellipse 包并使用以下命令生成:
corr.mtcars <- cor(mtcars)
ord <- order(corr.mtcars[1,])
xc <- corr.mtcars[ord, ord]
colors <- c("#A50F15","#DE2D26","#FB6A4A","#FCAE91","#FEE5D9","white",
"#EFF3FF","#BDD7E7","#6BAED6","#3182BD","#08519C")
plotcorr(xc, col=colors[5*xc + 6])
(来自手册页)
corrplot 包也可以 - 正如建议的 - 对于漂亮的图像很有用