我需要您的帮助，因为我坚持这个问题。我想对包含丑陋字符串和整数的列表进行排序。我想要的排序如下：以
开头f(-2,-2)=...,
f(-2,-1)=...,
f(-2,0)=...,
f(-2,1)=...,
f(-2,2)=...,
...,
f(2,2)= ...
我尝试使用已排序的内置函数，但没有帮助。有人可以帮助初学者吗？
list1 = ['f(-2,-2) = 0', 'f(-2,-1) = 0', 'f(-2,0) = 0', 'f(-1,-2) = 0', 'f(-1,-1) = 0', 'f(-1,0) = 0', 'f(0,-2) = 0', 'f(0,-1) = 0', 'f(-2,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d)*p11^2+((2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d)*m4^2)*p11+(d)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^4)*den(d))', 'f(-2,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d+2)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d-2)*m4^4)*den(2*m10^2))', 'f(-1,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(p11+m10^2-m4^2)', 'f(-1,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d-2)*p11+(d)*m10^2+(-d+2)*m4^2)*den(2*m10^2))', 'f(0,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(1)', 'f(0,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*((d-2)*den(2*m10^2))', 'f(1,-2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d)*p11^2+((-2*d)*m10^2+(2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^4)*den(d))', 'f(1,-1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(p11-m10^2+m4^2)', 'f(1,0) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(1)', 'f(1,1) = scalar2_qp_1216(1,1)*(1)', 'f(1,2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*((d-2)*den(p11^2+(-2*m10^2-2*m4^2)*p11+m10^4+(-2*m4^2)*m10^2+m4^4))', 'f(2,-2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((-2*d+4)*m10^2+(2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d-2)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d+2)*m4^4)*den(2*m4^2))', 'f(2,-1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11+(-d+2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^2)*den(2*m4^2))', 'f(2,0) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*((d-2)*den(2*m4^2))', 'f(2,1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11+(-d+2)*m10^2+(-d+2)*m4^2)*den((2*m4^2)*p11^2+((-4*m4^2)*m10^2-4*m4^4)*p11+(2*m4^2)*m10^4+(-4*m4^4)*m10^2+2*m4^6))', 'f(2,2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((-2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d^2+12*d-16)*m4^2)*p11+(d-2)*m10^4+((-2*d^2+12*d-16)*m4^2)*m10^2+(2*d^2-13*d+18)*m4^4)*den((2*m4^2)*p11^4+((-8*m4^2)*m10^2-8*m4^4)*p11^3+((12*m4^2)*m10^4+(8*m4^4)*m10^2+12*m4^6)*p11^2+((-8*m4^2)*m10^6+(8*m4^4)*m10^4+(8*m4^6)*m10^2-8*m4^8)*p11+(2*m4^2)*m10^8+(-8*m4^4)*m10^6+(12*m4^6)*m10^4+(-8*m4^8)*m10^2+2*m4^10))', 'f(0,0) = 0']
您可以使用natsort Python模块根据这些带符号数字的自然顺序对该列表进行排序。
您可以使用以下方式安装它：
$ pip install natsort
（尽管确切的详细信息可能会因您使用的是virtualenv，venv，pipenv等而异，还是在需要额外许可才能在平台上安装模块的平台上使用，在这种情况下，您可能会考虑将其安装在主目录中。搜索网络或StackOverflow，您肯定会找到有关如何安装Python模块进行设置的信息。）
一旦安装，您可以通过以下方式导入它：
from natsort import natsorted, ns
然后您可以使用以下方法对列表进行排序：
natsorted(list1, alg=ns.SIGNED)
哪个生产：
['f(-2,-2) = 0',
'f(-2,-1) = 0',
'f(-2,0) = 0',
'f(-2,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d)*p11^2+((2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d)*m4^2)*p11+(d)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^4)*den(d))',
'f(-2,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d+2)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d-2)*m4^4)*den(2*m10^2))',
'f(-1,-2) = 0',
'f(-1,-1) = 0',
'f(-1,0) = 0',
'f(-1,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(p11+m10^2-m4^2)',
'f(-1,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d-2)*p11+(d)*m10^2+(-d+2)*m4^2)*den(2*m10^2))',
'f(0,-2) = 0',
'f(0,-1) = 0',
'f(0,0) = 0',
'f(0,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(1)',
'f(0,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*((d-2)*den(2*m10^2))',
'f(1,-2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d)*p11^2+((-2*d)*m10^2+(2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^4)*den(d))',
'f(1,-1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(p11-m10^2+m4^2)',
'f(1,0) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(1)',
'f(1,1) = scalar2_qp_1216(1,1)*(1)',
'f(1,2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*((d-2)*den(p11^2+(-2*m10^2-2*m4^2)*p11+m10^4+(-2*m4^2)*m10^2+m4^4))',
'f(2,-2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((-2*d+4)*m10^2+(2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d-2)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d+2)*m4^4)*den(2*m4^2))',
'f(2,-1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11+(-d+2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^2)*den(2*m4^2))',
'f(2,0) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*((d-2)*den(2*m4^2))',
'f(2,1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11+(-d+2)*m10^2+(-d+2)*m4^2)*den((2*m4^2)*p11^2+((-4*m4^2)*m10^2-4*m4^4)*p11+(2*m4^2)*m10^4+(-4*m4^4)*m10^2+2*m4^6))',
'f(2,2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((-2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d^2+12*d-16)*m4^2)*p11+(d-2)*m10^4+((-2*d^2+12*d-16)*m4^2)*m10^2+(2*d^2-13*d+18)*m4^4)*den((2*m4^2)*p11^4+((-8*m4^2)*m10^2-8*m4^4)*p11^3+((12*m4^2)*m10^4+(8*m4^4)*m10^2+12*m4^6)*p11^2+((-8*m4^2)*m10^6+(8*m4^4)*m10^4+(8*m4^6)*m10^2-8*m4^8)*p11+(2*m4^2)*m10^8+(-8*m4^4)*m10^6+(12*m4^6)*m10^4+(-8*m4^8)*m10^2+2*m4^10))']
您可以轻松地使排序顺序符合您的期望。
我们可以结合使用regex和custom sort key以达到所需的结果。
import ast
import re
pattern = re.compile('\([+-]?[0-9]*,[+-]?[0-9]*\)')
def custom_sort(item):
match = pattern.search(item).group(0)
x, y = ast.literal_eval(match)
return x, y
sorted(list1, key=custom_sort)
['f(-2,-2) = 0',
'f(-2,-1) = 0',
'f(-2,0) = 0',
'f(-2,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d)*p11^2+((2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d)*m4^2)*p11+(d)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^4)*den(d))',
'f(-2,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d+2)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d-2)*m4^4)*den(2*m10^2))',
'f(-1,-2) = 0',
'f(-1,-1) = 0',
'f(-1,0) = 0',
'f(-1,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(p11+m10^2-m4^2)',
'f(-1,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d-2)*p11+(d)*m10^2+(-d+2)*m4^2)*den(2*m10^2))',
'f(0,-2) = 0',
'f(0,-1) = 0',
'f(0,0) = 0',
'f(0,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(1)',
'f(0,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*((d-2)*den(2*m10^2))',
'f(1,-2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d)*p11^2+((-2*d)*m10^2+(2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^4)*den(d))',
'f(1,-1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(p11-m10^2+m4^2)',
'f(1,0) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(1)',
'f(1,1) = scalar2_qp_1216(1,1)*(1)',
'f(1,2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*((d-2)*den(p11^2+(-2*m10^2-2*m4^2)*p11+m10^4+(-2*m4^2)*m10^2+m4^4))',
'f(2,-2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((-2*d+4)*m10^2+(2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d-2)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d+2)*m4^4)*den(2*m4^2))',
'f(2,-1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11+(-d+2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^2)*den(2*m4^2))',
'f(2,0) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*((d-2)*den(2*m4^2))',
'f(2,1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11+(-d+2)*m10^2+(-d+2)*m4^2)*den((2*m4^2)*p11^2+((-4*m4^2)*m10^2-4*m4^4)*p11+(2*m4^2)*m10^4+(-4*m4^4)*m10^2+2*m4^6))',
'f(2,2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((-2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d^2+12*d-16)*m4^2)*p11+(d-2)*m10^4+((-2*d^2+12*d-16)*m4^2)*m10^2+(2*d^2-13*d+18)*m4^4)*den((2*m4^2)*p11^4+((-8*m4^2)*m10^2-8*m4^4)*p11^3+((12*m4^2)*m10^4+(8*m4^4)*m10^2+12*m4^6)*p11^2+((-8*m4^2)*m10^6+(8*m4^4)*m10^4+(8*m4^6)*m10^2-8*m4^8)*p11+(2*m4^2)*m10^8+(-8*m4^4)*m10^6+(12*m4^6)*m10^4+(-8*m4^8)*m10^2+2*m4^10))']
如果要使用内置的sort，我认为应该可以根据要应用的排序逻辑将字符串拆分为元组。
这里是一个通用示例：
a = [("c", 2), ("a", 2), ("a", 1), ("b", 4)]
print(sorted(a))
此打印：
[('a', 1), ('a', 2), ('b', 4), ('c', 2)]
根据您的情况，可以根据输入的复杂程度将"f(-2,1)"拆分为["f(", -2, ",", 1, ")"]，依此类推。
首先找到一种方法来获取每个列表项中要排序的数据：
import re
list1 = ['f(-2,-2) = 0', 'f(-2,-1) = 0', 'f(-2,0) = 0', 'f(-1,-2) = 0', 'f(-1,-1) = 0', 'f(-1,0) = 0', 'f(0,-2) = 0', 'f(0,-1) = 0', 'f(-2,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d)*p11^2+((2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d)*m4^2)*p11+(d)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^4)*den(d))', 'f(-2,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d+2)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d-2)*m4^4)*den(2*m10^2))', 'f(-1,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(p11+m10^2-m4^2)', 'f(-1,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(((d-2)*p11+(d)*m10^2+(-d+2)*m4^2)*den(2*m10^2))', 'f(0,1) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*(1)', 'f(0,2) = scalar2_qp_1211(0,1)*((d-2)*den(2*m10^2))', 'f(1,-2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d)*p11^2+((-2*d)*m10^2+(2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^4)*den(d))', 'f(1,-1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(p11-m10^2+m4^2)', 'f(1,0) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(1)', 'f(1,1) = scalar2_qp_1216(1,1)*(1)', 'f(1,2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*((d-2)*den(p11^2+(-2*m10^2-2*m4^2)*p11+m10^4+(-2*m4^2)*m10^2+m4^4))', 'f(2,-2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((-2*d+4)*m10^2+(2*d+4)*m4^2)*p11+(d-2)*m10^4+((-2*d)*m4^2)*m10^2+(d+2)*m4^4)*den(2*m4^2))', 'f(2,-1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11+(-d+2)*m10^2+(d)*m4^2)*den(2*m4^2))', 'f(2,0) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*((d-2)*den(2*m4^2))', 'f(2,1) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11+(-d+2)*m10^2+(-d+2)*m4^2)*den((2*m4^2)*p11^2+((-4*m4^2)*m10^2-4*m4^4)*p11+(2*m4^2)*m10^4+(-4*m4^4)*m10^2+2*m4^6))', 'f(2,2) = scalar2_qp_016(1,0)*(((d-2)*p11^2+((-2*d+4)*m10^2+(-2*d^2+12*d-16)*m4^2)*p11+(d-2)*m10^4+((-2*d^2+12*d-16)*m4^2)*m10^2+(2*d^2-13*d+18)*m4^4)*den((2*m4^2)*p11^4+((-8*m4^2)*m10^2-8*m4^4)*p11^3+((12*m4^2)*m10^4+(8*m4^4)*m10^2+12*m4^6)*p11^2+((-8*m4^2)*m10^6+(8*m4^4)*m10^4+(8*m4^6)*m10^2-8*m4^8)*p11+(2*m4^2)*m10^8+(-8*m4^4)*m10^6+(12*m4^6)*m10^4+(-8*m4^8)*m10^2+2*m4^10))', 'f(0,0) = 0']
for item in list1:
print ([(i[0],i[1]) for i in re.findall(r'^f\((-?\d+),(-?\d+)\)', item)])
这会打印出一个不错的数字对列表，以便findall有效。正如正则表达式一样，findall表达式非常简单，因为它所做的只是在每个列表项中找到一个序列f(number₁,number₂)并返回一个元组(number₁,number₂)。这就是要排序的数据。
这样，您就可以将元组用作key中list.sort参数的输入：
list.sort结果：
for i in sorted(list1, key=lambda item: [(int(i[0]),int(i[1])) for i in [(i[0],i[1]) for i in re.findall(r'f\((-?\d+),(-?\d+)\)', item)]]):
print (i)