Pip已安装但无法像Django那样添加python包

Question

我正在设置运行 Sonoma 的新 Macbook Air M1 Lapot。我已经成功下载了 Homebrew 并且似乎已经下载了 pip （但它可能位于错误的目录中）。但是当运行 pip3 install Django 时，我收到此错误消息：

python3 -m pip install Django                                             ─╯
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try brew install
    xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.

    If you wish to install a Python library that isn't in Homebrew,
    use a virtual environment:

    python3 -m venv path/to/venv
    source path/to/venv/bin/activate
    python3 -m pip install xyz

    If you wish to install a Python application that isn't in Homebrew,
    it may be easiest to use 'pipx install xyz', which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. You can install pipx with

    brew install pipx

    You may restore the old behavior of pip by passing
    the '--break-system-packages' flag to pip, or by adding
    'break-system-packages = true' to your pip.conf file. The latter
    will permanently disable this error.

    If you disable this error, we STRONGLY recommend that you additionally
    pass the '--user' flag to pip, or set 'user = true' in your pip.conf
    file. Failure to do this can result in a broken Homebrew installation.

    Read more about this behavior here: <https://peps.python.org/pep-0668/>

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

不太确定从这里开始哪里，因为我尝试过brew install pipx 和 pipx install Django。如果pip下载到错误的路径有没有简单的方法解决这个问题？

谢谢！

我只是期待安装 Django。

使用

which pip3

显示路径为：

which pip3                                                                ─╯
/opt/homebrew/bin/pip3

对于 mac m1 来说哪个应该是正确的？

pip3 --version

：

pip 24.0 from /opt/homebrew/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip (python 3.12)

我猜这是冲突？

谢谢

Answer 1

这里没有冲突，一切都按预期进行。从 PEP668 开始，python 安装可以标记为

externally-managed

，这意味着它们是使用包管理器（如brew）安装的，这会阻止

pip

直接安装到它们，这样你就不会遇到混乱的两个包管理器（

brew

和

pip

）以某种方式管理同一Python安装的各个部分。

错误信息也给出了解决方案

使用此代码创建虚拟环境：

python3 -m venv path/to/venv

使用此代码安装 django 和您需要的所有其他依赖项：

source path/to/venv/bin/activate
python3 -m pip install xyz

当你想运行 python 脚本时：

source path/to/venv/bin/activate
python3 /path/to/script.py

请注意，在每个终端中，您只需运行

source ...

行一次