我不知道如何实现，但是我确实知道如何解释。代码应该执行的操作是：在程序运行时，停止在屏幕上移动的对象脱离其指定区域。如何测试碰撞并从挡住的墙壁反射出移动物体？
相对于我的代码，我有一个网格构成了我的大部分屏幕，而一小部分容纳了文本的屏幕。我希望学习的代码输出有两个障碍：1）网格，使移动的对象不会进入文本下方； 2）文本，因此不会在屏幕的其他部分上打印。
这是我当前的代码：
import sys
from random import randrange
import pygame as pg
import timeit
import xlrd
# timer
start = timeit.default_timer()
# define main colors
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
# define trail colors
C1 = (31, 119, 180)
C2 = (174, 199, 232)
C3 = (255, 127, 14)
C4 = (255, 187, 120)
C5 = (44, 160, 44)
C6 = (152, 223, 138)
C7 = (214, 39, 40)
C8 = (255, 152, 150)
C9 = (148, 103, 189)
C10 = (197, 176, 213)
C11 = (140, 86, 75)
C12 = (196, 156, 148)
C13 = (227, 119, 194)
C14 = (247, 182, 210)
C15 = (127, 127, 127)
C16 = (199, 199, 199)
C17 = (188, 189, 34)
C18 = (219, 219, 141)
C19 = (23, 190, 207)
C20 = (158, 218, 229)
# define measurements
WIDTH, HEIGHT, MARGIN = 10, 10, 1
GRIDX, GRIDY = 90, 35
# text
class GridObject(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, pos, grid, *groups):
super().__init__(groups)
# create image from grid
self.grid = grid
self.gridsize = (len(grid[0]), len(grid))
imgsize = self.gridsize[0]*(WIDTH+MARGIN), self.gridsize[1]*(HEIGHT+MARGIN)
self.image = pg.Surface(imgsize, flags=pg.SRCALPHA)
self.image.fill((0, 0, 0, 0))
col = (1, 1, 1)
for c in range(self.gridsize[0]):
for r in range(self.gridsize[1]):
if self.grid[r][c] == 1:
rect = [(MARGIN + WIDTH) * c + MARGIN, (MARGIN + HEIGHT) * r + MARGIN, WIDTH, HEIGHT]
pg.draw.rect(self.image, col, rect)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=pos)
self.vel = pg.math.Vector2(8, 0).rotate(randrange(360))
self.pos = pg.math.Vector2(pos)
def update(self, boundrect, hitGrid, hitList):
self.pos += self.vel
self.rect.center = self.pos
if self.rect.left <= boundrect.left or self.rect.right >= boundrect.right:
self.vel.x *= -1
if self.rect.top <= boundrect.top or self.rect.bottom >= boundrect.bottom:
self.vel.y *= -1
# align rect to grid
gridpos = round(self.rect.x / (WIDTH+MARGIN)), round(self.rect.y / (HEIGHT+MARGIN))
self.rect.topleft = gridpos[0] * (WIDTH+MARGIN), gridpos[1] * (HEIGHT+MARGIN)
# increment touched filed
global max_hit
max_hit = 0
oldHitList = hitList[:]
hitList.clear()
for c in range(self.gridsize[0]):
for r in range(self.gridsize[1]):
p = gridpos[1] + r, gridpos[0] + c
if p in oldHitList:
hitList.append(p)
elif self.grid[r][c] == 1:
if p[0] < len(hitGrid) and p[1] < len(hitGrid[p[0]]):
hitList.append(p)
if p not in oldHitList:
hitGrid[p[0]][p[1]] +=1
max_hit = max(max_hit, hitGrid[p[0]][p[1]])
ballGrid = [[0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[0, 1, 1, 1, 0]]
def main():
screen = pg.display.set_mode((GRIDX * (WIDTH+MARGIN) + MARGIN, GRIDY * (HEIGHT+MARGIN) + 50))
# Set title of screen
pg.display.set_caption("Ball With Grid")
clock = pg.time.Clock()
sprite_group = pg.sprite.Group()
ball = GridObject((screen.get_width()//2, screen.get_height()//2), ballGrid, sprite_group)
hitGrid = [[0 for i in range(GRIDX)] for j in range(GRIDY)]
hitList = []
done = False
# create timer event
change_delay = 500 # 1/2 second(s)
change_event = pg.USEREVENT + 1
pg.time.set_timer(change_event, change_delay)
angles = [0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, 315]
degreeChange = 0
print("REMINDER: Day 0 is the first day of the simulation.")
#text displayed at the bottom of the screen
# get day and temp from excel file
book = xlrd.open_workbook('daysTemp.xlsx')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
temps = []
days = []
day = 0
for k in range(1,sheet.nrows):
temps.append(int(sheet.row_values(k)[-2]))
days.append(int(sheet.row_values(k)[-1]))
d = ("day: ", str(days[0]))
t = ("temp: ", str(temps[0]))
print("day: ", days[day])
print("temp: ", temps[days[day]])
while not done:
for event in pg.event.get():
if event.type == pg.QUIT:
done = True
# receive timer event
if event.type == change_event:
degreeChange += 1
if degreeChange == 1:
degreeChange = degreeChange - 5
day += 1
print("day: ", days[day])
print("temp: ", temps[days[day]])
d = ("day: ", str(days[day]))
t = ("temp: ", str(temps[day]))
if day >= 365:
pg.quit()
for i in ball.vel:
# change angle by 45°
ball.vel = ball.vel.rotate(angles[randrange(0, len(angles))])
#print("angle: ", i)
if event.type == pg.KEYDOWN and event.key == pg.K_SPACE:
hitGrid = [[0 for i in range(GRIDX)] for j in range(GRIDY)]
screen.fill(BLACK)
# Draw the grid and add values to the cells
for row in range(GRIDY):
for column in range(GRIDX):
rect = [(MARGIN + WIDTH) * column + MARGIN, (MARGIN + HEIGHT) * row + MARGIN, WIDTH, HEIGHT]
colorlist = [WHITE,C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7,C8,C9,C10,C11,C12,C13,C14,C15,C16,C17,C18,C19,C20, WHITE]
color = colorlist[min(len(colorlist)-1, hitGrid[row][column])]
pg.draw.rect(screen, color, rect)
# stops program if the max number is reached
sprite_group.update(screen.get_rect(), hitGrid, hitList)
if max_hit >= 21:
print("\n"+"Program terminated.")
done = True
stop = timeit.default_timer()
end = stop-start
print("Time (in seconds):", end)
sprite_group.draw(screen)
# create a font object.
font = pg.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 24)
# create a text suface object,
text = font.render("".join(d) + ", " + "".join(t), True, GREEN, BLACK)
# create a rectangular text object
textRect = text.get_rect()
# set the center of the rectangular object.
textRect.center = ((GRIDX * (WIDTH+MARGIN) + 50) // 2, (GRIDY * (HEIGHT+MARGIN) + 50))
screen.blit(text, textRect)
pg.display.update()
clock.tick(60)
if __name__ == '__main__':
pg.init()
main()
pg.quit()
sys.exit()
看来您已经差不多完成了。在update()中，您有
if self.rect.left <= boundrect.left or self.rect.right >= boundrect.right:
self.vel.x *= -1
if self.rect.top <= boundrect.top or self.rect.bottom >= boundrect.bottom:
self.vel.y *= -1
这很完美，唯一的问题是boundrect似乎是整个屏幕
sprite_group.update(screen.get_rect(), hitGrid, hitList)
您需要做的就是传递不包含底部的矩形。
bounding_box = pg.Rect(0,0,(GRIDX * (WIDTH+MARGIN) + MARGIN,GRIDY * (HEIGHT+MARGIN))
#this has same width and height as screen but doesnt have +50 for y
然后使用新矩形更新
sprite_group.update(bounding_box, hitGrid, hitList)
至于文本，它似乎只能放在一个地方，所以应该没问题