使用具有pdist和方型的nparray创建距离矩阵

问题描述 投票:4回答:3

我正在尝试使用DBSCAN(scikit学习实现)和位置数据进行集群。我的数据是np数组格式,但是要使用具有Haversine公式的DBSCAN,我需要创建一个距离矩阵。我尝试执行此操作时遇到以下错误(“模块”不可调用错误。)从我在线阅读的内容来看,这是导入错误,但我敢肯定那对我来说不是这种情况。我已经创建了自己的Haversine距离公式,但是我确定错误并非与此有关。

这是我的输入数据,一个np数组(ResultArray)。

[[ 53.3252628   -6.2644198 ]
[ 53.3287395   -6.2646543 ]
[ 53.33321202  -6.24785807]
[ 53.3261015   -6.2598324 ]
[ 53.325291    -6.2644105 ]
[ 53.3281323   -6.2661467 ]
[ 53.3253074   -6.2644483 ]
[ 53.3388147   -6.2338417 ]
[ 53.3381102   -6.2343826 ]
[ 53.3253074   -6.2644483 ]
[ 53.3228188   -6.2625379 ]
[ 53.3253074   -6.2644483 ]]

这是出错的代码行。

distance_matrix = sp.spatial.distance.squareform(sp.spatial.distance.pdist
(ResultArray,(lambda u,v: haversine(u,v))))

这是错误消息:

File "Location.py", line 48, in <module>
distance_matrix = sp.spatial.distance.squareform(sp.spatial.distance.pdist
(ResArray,(lambda u,v: haversine(u,v))))
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scipy/spatial/distance.py", line 1118, in pdist
dm[k] = dfun(X[i], X[j])
File "Location.py", line 48, in <lambda>
distance_matrix = sp.spatial.distance.squareform(sp.spatial.distance.pdist
(ResArray,(lambda u,v: haversine(u,v))))
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

我将scipy导入为sp。 (将scipy导入为sp)

python scipy cluster-analysis scikit-learn dbscan
3个回答
4
投票

请参阅@TommasoF答案。这个答案是错误的:pdist允许选择自定义距离功能。一旦不再选择该答案作为正确答案,我将删除它。

scipypdist不允许传入自定义距离功能。正如您可以在docs中阅读的那样,您可以选择一些方法,但是边距不在支持的度量列表之内。

(Matlab pdist确实支持该选项,请参见here

您需要“手动”进行计算,即使用循环,类似的方法将起作用:

from numpy import array,zeros

def haversine(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2):
    """  See the link below for a possible implementation """
    pass

#example input (your's, truncated)
ResultArray = array([[ 53.3252628, -6.2644198 ],
                     [ 53.3287395  , -6.2646543 ],
                     [ 53.33321202 , -6.24785807],
                     [ 53.3253074  , -6.2644483 ]])

N = ResultArray.shape[0]
distance_matrix = zeros((N, N))
for i in xrange(N):
    for j in xrange(N):
        lati, loni = ResultArray[i]
        latj, lonj = ResultArray[j]
        distance_matrix[i, j] = haversine(loni, lati, lonj, latj)
        distance_matrix[j, i] = distance_matrix[i, j]

print distance_matrix
[[ 0.          0.38666203  1.41010971  0.00530489]
 [ 0.38666203  0.          1.22043364  0.38163748]
 [ 1.41010971  1.22043364  0.          1.40848782]
 [ 0.00530489  0.38163748  1.40848782  0.        ]]

仅供参考,可以在[H0]中找到Haverside的Python实现。


7
投票

使用Scipy,您可以根据here文档的建议定义自定义距离函数,为方便起见,请在此处报告:

link
Y = pdist(X, f)

在这里,我从Computes the distance between all pairs of vectors in X using the user supplied 2-arity function f. For example, Euclidean distance between the vectors could be computed as follows: dm = pdist(X, lambda u, v: np.sqrt(((u-v)**2).sum())) 的代码中报告了我的代码版本:

link

并以以下方式调用:

from numpy import sin,cos,arctan2,sqrt,pi # import from numpy
# earth's mean radius = 6,371km
EARTHRADIUS = 6371.0

def getDistanceByHaversine(loc1, loc2):
    '''Haversine formula - give coordinates as a 2D numpy array of
    (lat_denter link description hereecimal,lon_decimal) pairs'''
    #      
    # "unpack" our numpy array, this extracts column wise arrays
    lat1 = loc1[1]
    lon1 = loc1[0]
    lat2 = loc2[1]
    lon2 = loc2[0]
    #
    # convert to radians ##### Completely identical
    lon1 = lon1 * pi / 180.0
    lon2 = lon2 * pi / 180.0
    lat1 = lat1 * pi / 180.0
    lat2 = lat2 * pi / 180.0
    #
    # haversine formula #### Same, but atan2 named arctan2 in numpy
    dlon = lon2 - lon1
    dlat = lat2 - lat1
    a = (sin(dlat/2))**2 + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * (sin(dlon/2.0))**2
    c = 2.0 * arctan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1.0-a))
    km = EARTHRADIUS * c
    return km

在我的实现中,矩阵A以经度值作为第一列,以十进制表示的纬度值作为第二列。


0
投票

您现在可以使用scikit-learn的DBSCAN和haversine度量对空间纬度-经度数据进行聚类,而无需使用scipy预先计算距离矩阵。

D = spatial.distance.pdist(A, lambda u, v: getDistanceByHaversine(u,v))

这来自本教程的db = DBSCAN(eps=2/6371., min_samples=5, algorithm='ball_tree', metric='haversine').fit(np.radians(coordinates)) 。特别要注意,clustering spatial data with scikit-learn DBSCAN值是2 km除以6371(以km为单位的地球半径),将其转换为弧度。另外,请注意,eps会以弧度为单位来获取Haversine度量。

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