Django Channels ASGI - AppRegistryNotReady：应用程序尚未加载

Question

使用

python manage.py runserver

运行我的项目可以使用通道 asgi 开发服务器完美启动它，但是当使用 Daphne (

daphne project.routing:application

) 运行项目时，我收到错误

AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet

。

settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'channels',
    'whitenoise.runserver_nostatic',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    # ...
    # ... installed apps and custom apps
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'project.wsgi.application'

ASGI_APPLICATION = 'project.routing.application'

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
            "hosts": [REDIS_URL],
        }
    },
}

routing.py

import os

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter

from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from django.conf.urls import url

from my_app.consumers import MyCustomConsumer

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "project.settings")

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    "http": get_asgi_application(),
    'websocket': AuthMiddlewareStack(
        URLRouter([
            url(r'^ws/custom/$', MyCustomConsumer),
        ])
    ),
})

我尝试按照其他问题中的描述添加

django.setup()

，以及使用

uvicorn

而不是

daphne

运行，但仍然遇到相同的错误。我还尝试指向

settings.CHANNEL_LAYERS['ROUTING']

中的 websocket 路由并将应用程序初始化移至

asgi.py

文件，但也没有运气。我不知道我在做什么与渠道文档不同，任何帮助表示赞赏。

Answer 1

尽早获取 Django ASGI 应用程序以确保填充 AppRegistry 在导入消费者和可能导入 ORM 的 AuthMiddlewareStack 之前 型号。

import os
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "project.settings")
django_asgi_app = get_asgi_application()

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter

from my_app.consumers import MyConsumer

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
# Django's ASGI application to handle traditional HTTP requests
"http": django_asgi_app,
# WebSocket chat handler
"websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
    URLRouter([
        path('ws/custom/', MyConsumer),
    ])
),

}）

Answer 2

asgi.py

import os
import django

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'chat.settings')
django.setup()

from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from chat import routing

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'http': get_asgi_application(),
    "websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
        URLRouter(
            routing.websocket_urlpatterns
       )
    )
})

Answer 3

上面提到的对我来说没有任何作用。但我尝试使用以下配置在本地计算机上工作：

import os
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'app.settings')
django_asgi_app = get_asgi_application()

from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from app.tokenAuthMiddleware import TokenAuthMiddleware
from app.routing import channel_routing

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    "http": django_asgi_app,
    "websocket": TokenAuthMiddleware(
     URLRouter(channel_routing)
    )
})

然后运行以下命令：

gunicorn app.asgi:application -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornH11Worker

使用

UvicornH11Worker

而不是

UvicornWorker

对我有用。

您可以查看以下链接作为参考： uvicorn 与 Gunicorn 一起奔跑

Answer 4

问题源自将 daphne 服务器指向

routing.py

中的应用程序，而它需要指向

asgi.py

文件。但是，在

settings.py

内，

ASGI_APPLICATION

需要指向

routing.py

文件中的应用程序。

asgi.py

import os
import django
from channels.routing import get_default_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "project.settings")
django.setup()
application = get_default_application()

设置.py

ASGI_APPLICATION = 'project.routing.application'

路由.py

import os

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.urls import path

from my_app.consumers import MyConsumer


application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'websocket': AuthMiddlewareStack(
        URLRouter([
            path('ws/custom/', MyConsumer),
        ])
    ),
})

然后使用

daphne project.asgi:application

运行 daphne 服务器

Answer 5

对于使用 Django > 3.0 的任何人，请参阅下面的链接：

https://github.com/django/channels/issues/1564#issuecomment-722354397

您要做的就是在导入其他内容之前调用 get_asgi_application()

我的 asgi.py 文件示例：

import os

from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'project.settings')
django_asgi_app = get_asgi_application()

from django.conf import settings
from .routing import asgi_routes

asgi_routes["http"] = django_asgi_app
application = ProtocolTypeRouter(asgi_routes)