使用检测和JUnit4测试重新创建Android Activity

问题描述 投票：9回答：3

我想为重新创建活动编写测试。执行旋转是可选的。

我希望测试能够被谷歌“祝福”的测试框架的最新版本编写。我是编写测试的新手，所以我想学习基本的，主流的，支持良好的工具。当我掌握基础知识时，任何第三方测试框架都会没问题。而且由于我想测试非常基本的，经常出现的场景，基本工具应该足够了，对吧？

最小测试代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    static int creationCounter = 0;
    Integer instanceId;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        ++creationCounter;
        instanceId = new Integer(creationCounter);
        Log.d("TEST", "creating activity " + this + ", has id " + instanceId);
    }
}

和测试类：

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityTestRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void useAppContext() throws Exception {

        MainActivity activity1 = mActivityTestRule.getActivity();
        int act1 = activity1.instanceId.intValue();
        int counter1 = MainActivity.creationCounter;
        assertEquals(1, counter1);
        assertEquals(1, act1);


        Log.d("TEST", "requesting rotation");
        // method 1
         activity1.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
        // method 2 //https://gist.github.com/nbarraille/03e8910dc1d415ed9740#file-orientationchangeaction-java
        // onView(isRoot()).perform(orientationLandscape());

        getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync(); // I thought this should suffice
        // How to do this?
        //somehowRefreshActivityInstanceInsideTestRule();

        MainActivity activity2 = mActivityTestRule.getActivity();
        int act2 = activity2.instanceId.intValue();
        int counter2 = MainActivity.creationCounter;
        Log.d("TEST", "newly acquired activity " + activity2 + " has id " + act2 + "/" + counter2);

        assertEquals(2, counter2);
        assertEquals(2, act2);
    }
}

上面的代码（方法1或2）给出了logcat：

D/ActivityTestRule: Launching activity example.com.rotationtest.MainActivity
D/TEST: creating activity example.com.rotationtest.MainActivity@47404a3, has id 1
D/TEST: requesting rotation
D/TEST: creating activity example.com.rotationtest.MainActivity@169887e, has id 2
D/TEST: newly acquired activity example.com.rotationtest.MainActivity@47404a3 has id 1/2
I/TestRunner: failed: useAppContext(example.com.rotationtest.ExampleInstrumentedTest)
I/TestRunner: ----- begin exception -----
I/TestRunner: java.lang.AssertionError: expected:<2> but was:<1>

我的诊断，如果我错了，请纠正我：

  1. activity1.setRequestedOrientation导致在其他线程中创建新活动。我希望它会得到适当的捆绑
  2. 。getInstrumentation（）waitForIdleSync（）;导致test等待，直到创建新活动
  3. mActivityTestRule.getActivity（）;仍然返回旧的活动实例。
  4. 我需要一些方法来刷新测试规则中保存的活动实例，释放之前保存的实例。

我找到了旧版测试框架的答案：Instrumentation test for Android - How to receive new Activity after orientation change?

mActivity.setRequestedOrientation(
    ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
mActivity.finish();
setActivity(null);
mActivity = getActivity();
getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync();

但我不知道如何将其翻译成新版本。

编辑：

上述两种方法都将活动保留在销毁状态：assertFalse（mActivityTestRule.getActivity（）。isDestroyed（））;失败。

我发现了另一种方法（Destroy and restart Activity with Testing Support Library）重新创建活动实例，但没有通过onSaveInstanceState保持其状态

java android automated-tests instrumentation android-junit
3个回答
1
投票

我终于找到了工作解决方案：Get Current Activity in Espresso android

在适应我的需求后，代码如下所示：

public class CurrentActivityTestRule<T extends Activity> extends ActivityTestRule<T> {
    public CurrentActivityTestRule(Class<T> activityClass) {
        super(activityClass, false);
    }

    public CurrentActivityTestRule(Class<T> activityClass, boolean initialTouchMode) {
        super(activityClass, initialTouchMode, true);
    }

    public CurrentActivityTestRule(Class<T> activityClass, boolean initialTouchMode, boolean launchActivity) {
        super(activityClass, initialTouchMode, launchActivity);
    }

    public T getCurrentActivity() {
        getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync();
        final Activity[] activity = new Activity[1];
        getInstrumentation().runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                java.util.Collection<Activity> activities = ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry.getInstance().getActivitiesInStage(Stage.RESUMED);
                activity[0] = Iterables.getOnlyElement(activities);
            }});
        T current = (T) activity[0];
        return current;
    }
}

并像这样使用：

onView(isRoot()).perform(orientationLandscape());
Activity oldActivityInstance = mActivityTestRule.getActivity();
Activity currentActivityInstance = mActivityTestRule.getCurrentActivity();

我有这个与库版本一起工作：

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
})
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:runner:0.5', {
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
})
0
投票

当前版本的android.test.rule解决了这个问题。你只需要在调用InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync()之前调用activityTestRule.getActivity()

0
投票

@MateuszL的解决方案现在仍然适用于androidx测试编排器和Kotlin，以防这个版本帮助任何人：

import androidx.test.espresso.core.internal.deps.guava.collect.Iterables
import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation
import androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule
import androidx.test.runner.lifecycle.ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry
import androidx.test.runner.lifecycle.Stage

class CurrentActivityTestRule<T : Activity> : ActivityTestRule<T> {

    val currentActivity: T
        get() {
            getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync()
            val activity = arrayOfNulls<Activity>(1)
            getInstrumentation().runOnMainSync(Runnable {
                val activities = ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry.getInstance().getActivitiesInStage(Stage.RESUMED)
                activity[0] = Iterables.getOnlyElement(activities)
            })
            @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
            return activity[0] as T
        }

    constructor(activityClass: Class<T>) : super(activityClass, false)

    constructor(activityClass: Class<T>, initialTouchMode: Boolean) : super(activityClass, initialTouchMode, true)

    constructor(activityClass: Class<T>, initialTouchMode: Boolean, launchActivity: Boolean) : super(
        activityClass,
        initialTouchMode,
        launchActivity
    )
}

......并且在Kotlin中使用，例如，如果我们知道在测试的这一点上当前活动应该是RegistrationActivity，我们需要在集成测试期间直接访问其中一个函数：

@Suppress("CAST_NEVER_SUCCEEDS")
private fun getRegistrationActivity()= activityTestRule.currentActivity as RegistrationActivity
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