我是 Python 新手，正在 Windows 10 上使用 Anaconda 来学习如何实现机器学习。在 Spyder 上运行此代码：
import sklearn as skl
最初给我的是这个：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-1-7135d3f24347>", line 1, in <module>
runfile('C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3/temp.py', wdir='C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3')
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder_kernels\customize\spydercustomize.py", line 827, in runfile
execfile(filename, namespace)
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder_kernels\customize\spydercustomize.py", line 110, in execfile
exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace)
File "C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3/temp.py", line 3, in <module>
from sklearn.family import Model
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\__init__.py", line 76, in <module>
from .base import clone
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\base.py", line 16, in <module>
from .utils import _IS_32BIT
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\__init__.py", line 20, in <module>
from .validation import (as_float_array,
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\validation.py", line 21, in <module>
from .fixes import _object_dtype_isnan
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\fixes.py", line 289, in <module>
from scipy.sparse.linalg import lsqr as sparse_lsqr
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\sparse\linalg\__init__.py", line 114, in <module>
from .isolve import *
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\sparse\linalg\isolve\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
from .iterative import *
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\sparse\linalg\isolve\iterative.py", line 10, in <module>
from . import _iterative
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.
然后我进入命令行并执行了
pip uninstall scipy
pip install scipy
pip uninstall scikit-learn
pip install scikit-learn
这样做时没有出现任何错误，根据命令行安装了 scipy 1.3.1（以及 numpy 1.17.0）和 scikit-learn 0.21.3。
但是，现在当我尝试导入 sklearn 时，出现了不同的错误：
File "<ipython-input-2-7135d3f24347>", line 1, in <module>
runfile('C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3/temp.py', wdir='C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3')
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder_kernels\customize\spydercustomize.py", line 827, in runfile
execfile(filename, namespace)
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder_kernels\customize\spydercustomize.py", line 110, in execfile
exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace)
File "C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3/temp.py", line 3, in <module>
from sklearn.family import Model
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\__init__.py", line 76, in <module>
from .base import clone
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\base.py", line 16, in <module>
from .utils import _IS_32BIT
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\__init__.py", line 20, in <module>
from .validation import (as_float_array,
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\validation.py", line 21, in <module>
from .fixes import _object_dtype_isnan
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\fixes.py", line 289, in <module>
from scipy.sparse.linalg import lsqr as sparse_lsqr
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\sparse\linalg\__init__.py", line 113, in <module>
from .isolve import *
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\sparse\linalg\isolve\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
from .iterative import *
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\sparse\linalg\isolve\iterative.py", line 136, in <module>
def bicg(A, b, x0=None, tol=1e-5, maxiter=None, M=None, callback=None, atol=None):
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\_lib\_threadsafety.py", line 59, in decorator
return lock.decorate(func)
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\_lib\_threadsafety.py", line 47, in decorate
return scipy._lib.decorator.decorate(func, caller)
AttributeError: module 'scipy' has no attribute '_lib'
有什么建议吗？我已经卸载并重新安装了 Anaconda，但仍然遇到同样的问题。
编辑：当我这样做时
conda list --show-channel-urls
我明白了
# packages in environment at C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3:
#
# Name Version Build Channel
_ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf 0.1.0 py37_0 defaults
alabaster 0.7.12 py37_0 defaults
anaconda-client 1.7.2 py37_0 defaults
anaconda-navigator 1.9.7 py37_0 defaults
asn1crypto 0.24.0 py37_0 defaults
astroid 2.2.5 py37_0 defaults
attrs 19.1.0 py37_1 defaults
babel 2.7.0 py_0 defaults
backcall 0.1.0 py37_0 defaults
backports 1.0 py_2 defaults
backports.functools_lru_cache 1.5 py_2 defaults
backports.tempfile 1.0 py_1 defaults
backports.weakref 1.0.post1 py_1 defaults
beautifulsoup4 4.7.1 py37_1 defaults
blas 1.0 mkl defaults
bleach 3.1.0 py37_0 defaults
bzip2 1.0.8 he774522_0 defaults
ca-certificates 2019.5.15 1 defaults
certifi 2019.6.16 py37_1 defaults
cffi 1.12.3 py37h7a1dbc1_0 defaults
chardet 3.0.4 py37_1003 defaults
click 7.0 py37_0 defaults
cloudpickle 1.2.1 py_0 defaults
clyent 1.2.2 py37_1 defaults
colorama 0.4.1 py37_0 defaults
conda 4.7.11 py37_0 defaults
conda-build 3.18.8 py37_0 defaults
conda-env 2.6.0 1 defaults
conda-package-handling 1.3.11 py37_0 defaults
conda-verify 3.4.2 py_1 defaults
console_shortcut 0.1.1 3 defaults
cryptography 2.7 py37h7a1dbc1_0 defaults
decorator 4.4.0 py37_1 defaults
defusedxml 0.6.0 py_0 defaults
docutils 0.15.1 py37_0 defaults
entrypoints 0.3 py37_0 defaults
filelock 3.0.12 py_0 defaults
freetype 2.9.1 ha9979f8_1 defaults
future 0.17.1 py37_0 defaults
glob2 0.7 py_0 defaults
icc_rt 2019.0.0 h0cc432a_1 defaults
icu 58.2 ha66f8fd_1 defaults
idna 2.8 py37_0 defaults
imagesize 1.1.0 py37_0 defaults
intel-openmp 2019.4 245 defaults
ipykernel 5.1.1 py37h39e3cac_0 defaults
ipython 7.7.0 py37h39e3cac_0 defaults
ipython_genutils 0.2.0 py37_0 defaults
ipywidgets 7.5.1 py_0 defaults
isort 4.3.21 py37_0 defaults
jedi 0.13.3 py37_0 defaults
jinja2 2.10.1 py37_0 defaults
joblib 0.13.2 py37_0 defaults
jpeg 9b hb83a4c4_2 defaults
json5 0.8.5 py_0 defaults
jsonschema 3.0.1 py37_0 defaults
jupyter_client 5.3.1 py_0 defaults
jupyter_core 4.5.0 py_0 defaults
jupyterlab 1.0.2 py37hf63ae98_0 defaults
jupyterlab_server 1.0.0 py_1 defaults
keyring 18.0.0 py37_0 defaults
lazy-object-proxy 1.4.1 py37he774522_0 defaults
libarchive 3.3.3 h0643e63_5 defaults
libiconv 1.15 h1df5818_7 defaults
liblief 0.9.0 ha925a31_2 defaults
libpng 1.6.37 h2a8f88b_0 defaults
libsodium 1.0.16 h9d3ae62_0 defaults
libtiff 4.0.10 hb898794_2 defaults
libxml2 2.9.9 h464c3ec_0 defaults
lz4-c 1.8.1.2 h2fa13f4_0 defaults
lzo 2.10 h6df0209_2 defaults
m2w64-gcc-libgfortran 5.3.0 6 defaults
m2w64-gcc-libs 5.3.0 7 defaults
m2w64-gcc-libs-core 5.3.0 7 defaults
m2w64-gmp 6.1.0 2 defaults
m2w64-libwinpthread-git 5.0.0.4634.697f757 2 defaults
markupsafe 1.1.1 py37he774522_0 defaults
mccabe 0.6.1 py37_1 defaults
menuinst 1.4.16 py37he774522_0 defaults
mistune 0.8.4 py37he774522_0 defaults
mkl 2019.4 245 defaults
mkl-service 2.0.2 py37he774522_0 defaults
mkl_fft 1.0.12 py37h14836fe_0 defaults
mkl_random 1.0.2 py37h343c172_0 defaults
msys2-conda-epoch 20160418 1 defaults
navigator-updater 0.2.1 py37_0 defaults
nbconvert 5.5.0 py_0 defaults
nbformat 4.4.0 py37_0 defaults
notebook 6.0.0 py37_0 defaults
numpy 1.17.0 pypi_0 pypi
numpy-base 1.16.4 py37hc3f5095_0 defaults
numpydoc 0.9.1 py_0 defaults
olefile 0.46 py37_0 defaults
openssl 1.1.1c he774522_1 defaults
packaging 19.0 py37_0 defaults
pandas 0.25.0 py37ha925a31_0 defaults
pandoc 2.2.3.2 0 defaults
pandocfilters 1.4.2 py37_1 defaults
parso 0.5.0 py_0 defaults
pickleshare 0.7.5 py37_0 defaults
pillow 6.1.0 py37hdc69c19_0 defaults
pip 19.2.2 pypi_0 pypi
pkginfo 1.5.0.1 py37_0 defaults
powershell_shortcut 0.0.1 2 defaults
prometheus_client 0.7.1 py_0 defaults
prompt_toolkit 2.0.9 py37_0 defaults
psutil 5.6.3 py37he774522_0 defaults
py-lief 0.9.0 py37ha925a31_2 defaults
pycodestyle 2.5.0 py37_0 defaults
pycosat 0.6.3 py37hfa6e2cd_0 defaults
pycparser 2.19 py37_0 defaults
pyflakes 2.1.1 py37_0 defaults
pygments 2.4.2 py_0 defaults
pylint 2.3.1 py37_0 defaults
pyopenssl 19.0.0 py37_0 defaults
pyparsing 2.4.0 py_0 defaults
pyqt 5.9.2 py37h6538335_2 defaults
pyrsistent 0.14.11 py37he774522_0 defaults
pysocks 1.7.0 py37_0 defaults
python 3.7.3 h8c8aaf0_1 defaults
python-dateutil 2.8.0 py37_0 defaults
python-libarchive-c 2.8 py37_13 defaults
pytz 2019.1 py_0 defaults
pywin32 223 py37hfa6e2cd_1 defaults
pywinpty 0.5.5 py37_1000 defaults
pyyaml 5.1.1 py37he774522_0 defaults
pyzmq 18.0.0 py37ha925a31_0 defaults
qt 5.9.7 vc14h73c81de_0 defaults
qtawesome 0.5.7 py37_1 defaults
qtconsole 4.5.2 py_0 defaults
qtpy 1.8.0 py_0 defaults
requests 2.22.0 py37_0 defaults
rope 0.14.0 py_0 defaults
ruamel_yaml 0.15.46 py37hfa6e2cd_0 defaults
scikit-learn 0.21.3 pypi_0 pypi
scipy 1.3.0 pypi_0 pypi
send2trash 1.5.0 py37_0 defaults
setuptools 41.0.1 py37_0 defaults
sip 4.19.8 py37h6538335_0 defaults
six 1.12.0 py37_0 defaults
snowballstemmer 1.9.0 py_0 defaults
soupsieve 1.9.2 py37_0 defaults
sphinx 2.1.2 py_0 defaults
sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.1 py_0 defaults
sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.1 py_0 defaults
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 1.0.2 py_0 defaults
sphinxcontrib-jsmath 1.0.1 py_0 defaults
sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.2 py_0 defaults
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.3 py_0 defaults
spyder 3.3.6 py37_0 defaults
spyder-kernels 0.5.1 py37_0 defaults
sqlite 3.29.0 he774522_0 defaults
terminado 0.8.2 py37_0 defaults
testpath 0.4.2 py37_0 defaults
tk 8.6.8 hfa6e2cd_0 defaults
tornado 6.0.3 py37he774522_0 defaults
tqdm 4.32.1 py_0 defaults
traitlets 4.3.2 py37_0 defaults
urllib3 1.24.2 py37_0 defaults
vc 14.1 h0510ff6_4 defaults
vs2015_runtime 14.15.26706 h3a45250_4 defaults
wcwidth 0.1.7 py37_0 defaults
webencodings 0.5.1 py37_1 defaults
wheel 0.33.4 py37_0 defaults
widgetsnbextension 3.5.0 py37_0 defaults
win_inet_pton 1.1.0 py37_0 defaults
wincertstore 0.2 py37_0 defaults
winpty 0.4.3 4 defaults
wrapt 1.11.2 py37he774522_0 defaults
xz 5.2.4 h2fa13f4_4 defaults
yaml 0.1.7 hc54c509_2 defaults
zeromq 4.3.1 h33f27b4_3 defaults
zlib 1.2.11 h62dcd97_3 defaults
zstd 1.3.7 h508b16e_0 defaults
scipy 的版本与 pip 安装的版本不匹配。不确定它有多重要，但对我来说似乎很奇怪。
编辑2： 做
pip listPackage Version
----------------------------- ---------
-cipy 1.3.0
alabaster 0.7.12
anaconda-client 1.7.2
anaconda-navigator 1.9.7
asn1crypto 0.24.0
astroid 2.2.5
attrs 19.1.0
Babel 2.7.0
backcall 0.1.0
backports.functools-lru-cache 1.5
backports.tempfile 1.0
backports.weakref 1.0.post1
beautifulsoup4 4.7.1
bleach 3.1.0
certifi 2019.6.16
cffi 1.12.3
chardet 3.0.4
Click 7.0
cloudpickle 1.2.1
clyent 1.2.2
colorama 0.4.1
conda 4.7.11
conda-build 3.18.8
conda-package-handling 1.3.11
conda-verify 3.4.2
cryptography 2.7
decorator 4.4.0
defusedxml 0.6.0
docutils 0.15.1
entrypoints 0.3
filelock 3.0.12
future 0.17.1
glob2 0.7
idna 2.8
imagesize 1.1.0
ipykernel 5.1.1
ipython 7.7.0
ipython-genutils 0.2.0
ipywidgets 7.5.1
isort 4.3.21
jedi 0.13.3
Jinja2 2.10.1
joblib 0.13.2
json5 0.8.5
jsonschema 3.0.1
jupyter-client 5.3.1
jupyter-core 4.5.0
jupyterlab 1.0.2
jupyterlab-server 1.0.0
keyring 18.0.0
lazy-object-proxy 1.4.1
libarchive-c 2.8
MarkupSafe 1.1.1
mccabe 0.6.1
menuinst 1.4.16
mistune 0.8.4
mkl-fft 1.0.12
mkl-random 1.0.2
mkl-service 2.0.2
navigator-updater 0.2.1
nbconvert 5.5.0
nbformat 4.4.0
notebook 6.0.0
numpy 1.17.0
numpydoc 0.9.1
olefile 0.46
packaging 19.0
pandas 0.25.0
pandocfilters 1.4.2
parso 0.5.0
pickleshare 0.7.5
Pillow 6.1.0
pio 0.0.3
pip 19.2.2
pkginfo 1.5.0.1
prometheus-client 0.7.1
prompt-toolkit 2.0.9
psutil 5.6.3
pycodestyle 2.5.0
pycosat 0.6.3
pycparser 2.19
pyflakes 2.1.1
Pygments 2.4.2
pylint 2.3.1
pyOpenSSL 19.0.0
pyparsing 2.4.0
pyrsistent 0.14.11
PySocks 1.7.0
python-dateutil 2.8.0
pytz 2019.1
pywin32 223
pywinpty 0.5.5
PyYAML 5.1.1
pyzmq 18.0.0
QtAwesome 0.5.7
qtconsole 4.5.2
QtPy 1.8.0
requests 2.22.0
rope 0.14.0
ruamel-yaml 0.15.46
scikit-learn 0.21.3
scipy 1.3.1
Send2Trash 1.5.0
setuptools 41.0.1
six 1.12.0
snowballstemmer 1.9.0
soupsieve 1.9.2
Sphinx 2.1.2
sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-jsmath 1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.3
spyder 3.3.6
spyder-kernels 0.5.1
terminado 0.8.2
testpath 0.4.2
tornado 6.0.3
tqdm 4.32.1
traitlets 4.3.2
urllib3 1.24.2
wcwidth 0.1.7
webencodings 0.5.1
wheel 0.33.4
widgetsnbextension 3.5.0
win-inet-pton 1.1.0
wincertstore 0.2
wrapt 1.11.2
pip listconda list编辑3：在命令提示符中输入以下几行（由@Brennan建议）然后运行文件后，我收到此错误
pip uninstall scikit-learn
pip uninstall scipy
conda uninstall scikit-learn
conda uninstall scipy
conda update --all
conda install scipy
conda install scikit-learn
这是我在尝试导入 sklearn 时遇到的新错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-15-7135d3f24347>", line 1, in <module>
runfile('C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3/temp.py', wdir='C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3')
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder_kernels\customize\spydercustomize.py", line 827, in runfile
execfile(filename, namespace)
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder_kernels\customize\spydercustomize.py", line 110, in execfile
exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace)
File "C:/Users/julia/.spyder-py3/temp.py", line 2, in <module>
import sklearn as skl
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\__init__.py", line 76, in <module>
from .base import clone
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\base.py", line 13, in <module>
import numpy as np
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py", line 140, in <module>
from . import _distributor_init
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\_distributor_init.py", line 34, in <module>
from . import _mklinit
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.
造成此问题的可能原因可能是我在遇到此处描述的错误后从 Anaconda/Library/bin 中删除了 mkl_rt.dll 文件：https://github.com/ContinuumIO/anaconda-issues/issues/10182
这让我陷入了困境，因为重新安装 Anaconda 来修复此问题会让我遇到之前遇到的相同的“无法找到序号 242”错误，但不修复它将会继续 sklearn 的问题...
最终编辑：通过安装旧版本的 Anaconda 解决。当我能够（2 天）时，将标记为已解决
我的电脑在无人看管的情况下闲置 4 天后遇到了同样的错误。重启内核解决了。
这可能并不适合每个人，但它可能会减轻一些人的痛苦。
我最终通过卸载当前版本的 Anaconda 并安装几个月前的版本来修复此问题。我没有收到“ordinal 242”错误，也没有收到 scikit-learn 的问题。
在谷歌协作上有类似的问题，只需卸载并重新安装 scipy 模块就为我解决了这个问题