如何使用SQL Server 2005透视我的数据

Question

我有以下数据

如何将其（使用SQL Server 2005）转换为以下格式？

我有一个我想出的示例解决方案，但它看起来有点笨重。它闻起来也许？

DECLARE @ProductLanguage TABLE
(
    [PRODUCT_ID] int
    , [LANGUAGE] varchar(50)
)

INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (52035,'Czech')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (52035,'English')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (52035,'German')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (54001,'Danish')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (54001,'Spanish')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (54001,'English')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (70501,'Finnish')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (70501,'Greek')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (70501,'Hungarian')
INSERT INTO @ProductLanguage ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (52044,'Hebrew')

SELECT
    PRODUCT_ID
    ,MAX(CASE WHEN [ROW_ID]=1 THEN LANGUAGE ELSE NULL END) As LANG_1
    ,MAX(CASE WHEN [ROW_ID]=2 THEN LANGUAGE ELSE NULL END) As LANG_2
    ,MAX(CASE WHEN [ROW_ID]=3 THEN LANGUAGE ELSE NULL END) As LANG_3
FROM
    (SELECT
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY [PRODUCT_ID] ORDER BY [PRODUCT_ID] ASC) AS [ROW_ID]
        , [PRODUCT_ID]
        , [LANGUAGE]
    FROM
        @ProductLanguage) AS Temp
GROUP BY
    [PRODUCT_ID]

有趣的是我不关心每个LANG_ *列中显示的特定语言。此处发布的其他问题似乎都是指通过名称了解透视列。但我不想用找到的语言命名列。

注意：我知道我提到“pivot”这个词，但这个问题的最佳解决方案可能不涉及PIVOT条款。我只是用这个词，因为我的问题似乎建议转移数据。我不知道，也许CTE可以帮助解决这个问题。我只知道我对上面的示例解决方案不满意。

Answer 1

您可以使用PIVOT（）函数

SELECT    P.PRODUCT_ID,
          P.Czech,
          P.Other languages
FROM      TABLE AS T
PIVOT     (
              AGGREGATE(LANGUAGE) FOR LANGUAGE IN ([Czech],  ...)
          ) AS P

如果你没有明确地命名列，据我所知，你被迫做了一些技巧......

未经测试（显然）。见：MSDN

Answer 2

这可以使用PIVOT来完成，无论是静态还是动态。

静态版本列是硬编码的（请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo）：

select *
from 
(
  select product_id, language,
    'Lang_' + cast(row_number() over(partition by PRODUCT_ID order by language) as varchar(10)) rn
  from ProductLanguage
) x
pivot
(
  max(language)
  for rn in ([Lang_1], [Lang_2], [Lang_3])
) p

动态版本将在运行时获取列（请参阅SQL Fiddle With Demo）：

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + QUOTENAME('Lang_' + cast(row_number() over(partition by PRODUCT_ID order by language) as varchar(10))) 
                    from ProductLanguage
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')


set @query = 'SELECT PRODUCT_ID, ' + @cols + ' from 
             (
              select product_id, language,
                ''Lang_'' + cast(row_number() over(partition by PRODUCT_ID order by language) as varchar(10)) rn
              from ProductLanguage
            ) x
            pivot 
            (
                max(language)
                for rn in (' + @cols + ')
            ) p '

execute(@query)

Answer 3

这是一个想法......使用sql 2005中提供的Pivot Keyword ...

Pivot and UnPivot

然后，在完成此工作后，将列名输出为数据值，将整个sql statemnt作为子查询嵌入到外部Select语句中，其中将列名称别名为“Language1”，“Language2”等...

Select Z.Arabic as Language1, Z.Botwanese as Language2, etc.
From  (Inner Pivot Query Here ) Z

Answer 4

create table  #ProductLanguage 
(
    PRODUCT_ID int
    , [LANGUAGE] varchar(50)
)

INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (52035,'Czech')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (52035,'English')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (52035,'German')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (54001,'Danish')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (54001,'Spanish')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (54001,'English')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (70501,'Finnish')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (70501,'Greek')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (70501,'Hungarian')
INSERT INTO #ProductLanguage  ([PRODUCT_ID],[LANGUAGE]) VALUES (52044,'Hebrew')


declare @col as varchar(2000)
declare @query as varchar(4000)

--select language ,@col= replace('[Lang_'+str(row_number() over(order by language))+']',' ','') Lang  from (select distinct language  from #ProductLanguage)p
select  @col = stuff((select distinct '],['+language  from #ProductLanguage for xml path('')),1,2,'')+']' 
print @col

set @query = 'select PRODUCT_ID, '+@col+ ' from #ProductLanguage 
pivot (
max(LANGUAGE) for LANGUAGE in ('+@col+')
) pvt'
execute(@query)