有没有找到一个外置SD卡的位置的通用方法是什么？
请不要与External Storage混淆。 Environment.getExternalStorageState()返回路径内部SD安装像“的/ mnt / SD卡”点。但问题是关于外部SD。如何获得像“到/ mnt / SD卡/ external_sd”的路径（它可能会有所不同从设备到设备）？
我想我会通过文件系统名称mount命令的过滤结束。但我不知道这样是足够强大。
Environment.getExternalStorageState()返回路径内部SD安装像“的/ mnt / SD卡”点
不，Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()是指不管使用什么设备制造商认为是“外部存储”。在某些设备上，这是可移动介质，如SD卡。在某些设备上，这是在设备上的闪光的部分。在这里，“安装在主机上时，通过USB大容量存储模式访问的东西”，“外部存储”是指，至少为Android 2.x版本
但问题是关于外部SD。如何获得像“到/ mnt / SD卡/ external_sd”的路径（它可能会有所不同从设备到设备）？
Android有没有“外部SD”的概念，除了从外部存储器中，如上所述。
如果设备制造商已选择具有外部存储是板上闪存，也有一个SD卡，您将需要联系制造商以确定您是否能使用SD卡（不保证）和规则是什么的使用它，比如什么路径来使用它。
UPDATE
最近的两个注意事项：
首先，在Android 4.4或以上版本，你没有写访问可移动介质（例如，“外部SD”），除了可能由getExternalFilesDirs()和getExternalCacheDirs()返回该介质上的任何位置。见Dave Smith's excellent analysis这一点，特别是如果你想在低级别的细节。
其次，以免有人在狡辩可移动媒体的访问是否是否则的Android SDK的一部分，这里是Dianne Hackborn's assessment：
......记住：直到Android 4.4系统，官方Android平台不支持SD卡在所有除两种特殊情况：老同学存储布局，其中外部存储SD卡（这仍然是由平台支持的今天）和一个小功能添加到Android 3.0哪里会扫描更多的SD卡，并将它们添加到媒体提供商，并给应用程序只读他们的文件（也仍然在平台支持今天）的访问。
Android 4.4系统是该平台的第一个版本已经实际上允许应用程序使用SD卡进行存储。在此之前，任何对它们的访问是通过私人的，不支持的API。现在，我们在这个平台，让应用程序使用的SD卡支持的方式，用更好的方式比他们已经能够以前一个相当丰富的API：他们可以免费使用他们的应用程序特定的存储区域，而无需任何权限的应用程序，并且可以，只要他们去访问SD卡上的任何其他文件通过文件选择器，再无需任何特殊权限。
只需简单地使用：
String primary_sd = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
if(primary_sd != null)
Log.i("EXTERNAL_STORAGE", primary_sd);
String secondary_sd = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
if(secondary_sd != null)
Log.i("SECONDARY_STORAGE", secondary_sd)
有没有找到一个外置SD卡的位置的通用方法是什么？
通过通用的方法，如果你的意思是官方的方法;是的，有一个。
在Android版本4.4奇巧API级19即它们具有加入File[] getExternalFilesDirs (String type)类Context，允许应用到数据/文件存储在微型SD卡。
Android 4.4系统是该平台的第一个版本已经实际允许应用程序使用SD卡进行存储。到SD卡的任何访问API级别19之前是通过私人的，不支持的API。
getExternalFilesDirs(String type)返回到上的所有共享/外部存储设备应用程序特定的目录绝对路径。这意味着，它将返回路径内部和外部存储器。一般来说，第二返回的路径将是microSD卡的存储路径（如果有的话）。
但需要注意的是，
共享存储可能不总是可用的，因为可移动介质可以由用户被喷射。媒体状态可以用
getExternalStorageState(File)进行检查。没有安全使用这些文件执行。例如，任何应用程序持有
WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE可以写入这些文件。
根据谷歌/ Android官方文档的内部和外部存储术语是什么，我们认为有很大不同。
下面是我用它来寻找外置卡的方式。使用mount命令返回然后解析VFAT部分。
String s = "";
try {
Process process = new ProcessBuilder().command("mount")
.redirectErrorStream(true).start();
process.waitFor();
InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while (is.read(buffer) != -1) {
s = s + new String(buffer);
}
is.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//用行分隔mount列表
String[] lines = s.split("\n");
for(int i=0; i<lines.length; i++) {
//如果行内有挂载路径且为vfat类型，说明可能是内置或者外置sd的挂载点
if(-1 != lines[i].indexOf(path[0]) && -1 != lines[i].indexOf("vfat")) {
//再用空格分隔
String[] blocks = lines[i].split("\\s");
for(int j=0; j<blocks.length; j++) {
//判断是否是挂载为vfat类型
if(-1 != blocks[j].indexOf(path[0])) {
//Test if it is the external sd card.
}
}
}
}
该解决方案处理的事实，System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE")与棉花糖没有用的。
测试和工作：
/**
* Returns all available external SD-Card roots in the system.
*
* @return paths to all available external SD-Card roots in the system.
*/
public static String[] getStorageDirectories() {
String [] storageDirectories;
String rawSecondaryStoragesStr = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
List<String> results = new ArrayList<String>();
File[] externalDirs = applicationContext.getExternalFilesDirs(null);
for (File file : externalDirs) {
String path = file.getPath().split("/Android")[0];
if((Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP && Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable(file))
|| rawSecondaryStoragesStr != null && rawSecondaryStoragesStr.contains(path)){
results.add(path);
}
}
storageDirectories = results.toArray(new String[0]);
}else{
final Set<String> rv = new HashSet<String>();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(rawSecondaryStoragesStr)) {
final String[] rawSecondaryStorages = rawSecondaryStoragesStr.split(File.pathSeparator);
Collections.addAll(rv, rawSecondaryStorages);
}
storageDirectories = rv.toArray(new String[rv.size()]);
}
return storageDirectories;
}
通过编写下面的代码，你会得到的位置：
/存储/ 663D-554E / Android设备/数据/ app_package_name /文件/
这在sd_card内/安卓/数据存储位置您的应用数据。
File[] list = ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(MainActivity.this, null);
list[1]+"/fol"
用于获取内部位置通0和1的SD卡到文件数组。
我已经测试了一个摩托G4以及和三星的设备代码（一切工作正常）。
希望这威力有所帮助。
由于我上面原来的答复，扫描vold正在跨越不同厂商不再可行。
我已经开发了一个更可靠和直接的方法。
File mnt = new File("/storage");
if (!mnt.exists())
mnt = new File("/mnt");
File[] roots = mnt.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
@Override
public boolean accept(File pathname) {
return pathname.isDirectory() && pathname.exists()
&& pathname.canWrite() && !pathname.isHidden()
&& !isSymlink(pathname);
}
});
根将包含所有的系统上的可写根目录，包括任何USB连接的USB设备。
注：canWrite方法需要android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE许可。
它已经这么晚了，但最后我得到的东西（由制造商和Android版本），其工作在Android 2.2+我已经测试过的大多数设备中。如果你发现它不工作，你的设备名称评论它。我会修好它。如果有人有兴趣，我将解释它是如何工作的。
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import android.util.Log;
/**
* @author ajeet
*05-Dec-2014 2014
*
*/
public class StorageUtil {
public boolean isRemovebleSDCardMounted() {
File file = new File("/sys/class/block/");
File[] files = file.listFiles(new MmcblkFilter("mmcblk\\d$"));
boolean flag = false;
for (File mmcfile : files) {
File scrfile = new File(mmcfile, "device/scr");
if (scrfile.exists()) {
flag = true;
break;
}
}
return flag;
}
public String getRemovebleSDCardPath() throws IOException {
String sdpath = null;
File file = new File("/sys/class/block/");
File[] files = file.listFiles(new MmcblkFilter("mmcblk\\d$"));
String sdcardDevfile = null;
for (File mmcfile : files) {
Log.d("SDCARD", mmcfile.getAbsolutePath());
File scrfile = new File(mmcfile, "device/scr");
if (scrfile.exists()) {
sdcardDevfile = mmcfile.getName();
Log.d("SDCARD", mmcfile.getName());
break;
}
}
if (sdcardDevfile == null) {
return null;
}
FileInputStream is;
BufferedReader reader;
files = file.listFiles(new MmcblkFilter(sdcardDevfile + "p\\d+"));
String deviceName = null;
if (files.length > 0) {
Log.d("SDCARD", files[0].getAbsolutePath());
File devfile = new File(files[0], "dev");
if (devfile.exists()) {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(devfile);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String line = reader.readLine();
deviceName = line;
}
Log.d("SDCARD", "" + deviceName);
if (deviceName == null) {
return null;
}
Log.d("SDCARD", deviceName);
final File mountFile = new File("/proc/self/mountinfo");
if (mountFile.exists()) {
is = new FileInputStream(mountFile);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
// Log.d("SDCARD", line);
// line = reader.readLine();
// Log.d("SDCARD", line);
String[] mPonts = line.split("\\s+");
if (mPonts.length > 6) {
if (mPonts[2].trim().equalsIgnoreCase(deviceName)) {
if (mPonts[4].contains(".android_secure")
|| mPonts[4].contains("asec")) {
continue;
}
sdpath = mPonts[4];
Log.d("SDCARD", mPonts[4]);
}
}
}
}
}
return sdpath;
}
static class MmcblkFilter implements FilenameFilter {
private String pattern;
public MmcblkFilter(String pattern) {
this.pattern = pattern;
}
@Override
public boolean accept(File dir, String filename) {
if (filename.matches(pattern)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
}
我不知道为什么，但我需要使用它之前，已在公众存储目录中创建一个文件调用.createNewFile（）。在框架该方法的评论说，这是没有用的。下面是一个示例...
String myPath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PODCASTS) + File.separator + "My Directory";
final File myDir = new File(myPath);
try {
myDir.mkdirs();
} catch (Exception ex) {
Toast.makeText(this, "error: " + ex.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
String fname = "whatever";
File newFile = new File(myDir, fname);
Log.i(TAG, "File exists --> " + newFile.exists()) //will be false
try {
if (newFile.createNewFile()) {
//continue
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "error creating file");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
}
我创建了一个utils的方法来检查SD卡可在设备或没有，并且，如果它可用的设备获得SD卡路径。
您可以复制2种方法娄成你需要你的项目的类。就这样。
public String isRemovableSDCardAvailable() {
final String FLAG = "mnt";
final String SECONDARY_STORAGE = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
final String EXTERNAL_STORAGE_DOCOMO = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE_DOCOMO");
final String EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE");
final String EXTERNAL_SD_STORAGE = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_SD_STORAGE");
final String EXTERNAL_STORAGE = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
Map<Integer, String> listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(0, SECONDARY_STORAGE);
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(1, EXTERNAL_STORAGE_DOCOMO);
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(2, EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE);
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(3, EXTERNAL_SD_STORAGE);
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(4, EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
File externalStorageList[] = null;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
externalStorageList = getContext().getExternalFilesDirs(null);
}
String directory = null;
int size = listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (externalStorageList != null && externalStorageList.length > 1 && externalStorageList[1] != null)
directory = externalStorageList[1].getAbsolutePath();
else
directory = listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.get(i);
directory = canCreateFile(directory);
if (directory != null && directory.length() != 0) {
if (i == size - 1) {
if (directory.contains(FLAG)) {
Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "SD Card's directory: " + directory);
return directory;
} else {
return null;
}
}
Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "SD Card's directory: " + directory);
return directory;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Check if can create file on given directory. Use this enclose with method
* {@link BeginScreenFragement#isRemovableSDCardAvailable()} to check sd
* card is available on device or not.
*
* @param directory
* @return
*/
public String canCreateFile(String directory) {
final String FILE_DIR = directory + File.separator + "hoang.txt";
File tempFlie = null;
try {
tempFlie = new File(FILE_DIR);
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(tempFlie);
fos.write(new byte[1024]);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "Can write file on this directory: " + FILE_DIR);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "Write file error: " + e.getMessage());
return null;
} finally {
if (tempFlie != null && tempFlie.exists() && tempFlie.isFile()) {
// tempFlie.delete();
tempFlie = null;
}
}
return directory;
}
下面是我用它来找到一个可移动SD卡的方法。这是复杂的，可能是矫枉过正的一些情况，但它适用于各种各样的，我已经在过去的几年中测试的Android版本和设备制造商。我不知道，因为API级15的任何设备上未找到SD卡，如果有一个安装的。它不会在大多数情况下返回误报，尤其是如果你给它一个已知的文件查找的名称。
请让我知道，如果你遇到任何情况下，这是行不通的。
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class SDCard {
private static final String TAG = "SDCard";
/** In some scenarios we can expect to find a specified file or folder on SD cards designed
* to work with this app. If so, set KNOWNFILE to that filename. It will make our job easier.
* Set it to null otherwise. */
private static final String KNOWNFILE = null;
/** Common paths for microSD card. **/
private static String[] commonPaths = {
// Some of these taken from
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13976982/removable-storage-external-sdcard-path-by-manufacturers
// These are roughly in order such that the earlier ones, if they exist, are more sure
// to be removable storage than the later ones.
"/mnt/Removable/MicroSD",
"/storage/removable/sdcard1", // !< Sony Xperia Z1
"/Removable/MicroSD", // Asus ZenPad C
"/removable/microsd",
"/external_sd", // Samsung
"/_ExternalSD", // some LGs
"/storage/extSdCard", // later Samsung
"/storage/extsdcard", // Main filesystem is case-sensitive; FAT isn't.
"/mnt/extsd", // some Chinese tablets, e.g. Zeki
"/storage/sdcard1", // If this exists it's more likely than sdcard0 to be removable.
"/mnt/extSdCard",
"/mnt/sdcard/external_sd",
"/mnt/external_sd",
"/storage/external_SD",
"/storage/ext_sd", // HTC One Max
"/mnt/sdcard/_ExternalSD",
"/mnt/sdcard-ext",
"/sdcard2", // HTC One M8s
"/sdcard1", // Sony Xperia Z
"/mnt/media_rw/sdcard1", // 4.4.2 on CyanogenMod S3
"/mnt/sdcard", // This can be built-in storage (non-removable).
"/sdcard",
"/storage/sdcard0",
"/emmc",
"/mnt/emmc",
"/sdcard/sd",
"/mnt/sdcard/bpemmctest",
"/mnt/external1",
"/data/sdext4",
"/data/sdext3",
"/data/sdext2",
"/data/sdext",
"/storage/microsd" //ASUS ZenFone 2
// If we ever decide to support USB OTG storage, the following paths could be helpful:
// An LG Nexus 5 apparently uses usb://1002/UsbStorage/ as a URI to access an SD
// card over OTG cable. Other models, like Galaxy S5, use /storage/UsbDriveA
// "/mnt/usb_storage",
// "/mnt/UsbDriveA",
// "/mnt/UsbDriveB",
};
/** Find path to removable SD card. */
public static File findSdCardPath(Context context) {
String[] mountFields;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
String lineRead = null;
/** Possible SD card paths */
LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths = new LinkedHashSet<>();
/** Build a list of candidate paths, roughly in order of preference. That way if
* we can't definitively detect removable storage, we at least can pick a more likely
* candidate. */
// Could do: use getExternalStorageState(File path), with and without an argument, when
// available. With an argument is available since API level 21.
// This may not be necessary, since we also check whether a directory exists and has contents,
// which would fail if the external storage state is neither MOUNTED nor MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.
// I moved hard-coded paths toward the end, but we need to make sure we put the ones in
// backwards order that are returned by the OS. And make sure the iterators respect
// the order!
// This is because when multiple "external" storage paths are returned, it's always (in
// experience, but not guaranteed by documentation) with internal/emulated storage
// first, removable storage second.
// Add value of environment variables as candidates, if set:
// EXTERNAL_STORAGE, SECONDARY_STORAGE, EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE
// But note they are *not* necessarily *removable* storage! Especially EXTERNAL_STORAGE.
// And they are not documented (API) features. Typically useful only for old versions of Android.
String val = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
val = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
// Get listing of mounted devices with their properties.
ArrayList<File> mountedPaths = new ArrayList<>();
try {
// Note: Despite restricting some access to /proc (http://stackoverflow.com/a/38728738/423105),
// Android 7.0 does *not* block access to /proc/mounts, according to our test on George's Alcatel A30 GSM.
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("/proc/mounts"));
// Iterate over each line of the mounts listing.
while ((lineRead = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "\nMounts line: " + lineRead);
mountFields = lineRead.split(" ");
// columns: device, mountpoint, fs type, options... Example:
// /dev/block/vold/179:97 /storage/sdcard1 vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0002,dmask=0002,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
String device = mountFields[0], path = mountFields[1], fsType = mountFields[2];
// The device, path, and fs type must conform to expected patterns.
if (!(devicePattern.matcher(device).matches() &&
pathPattern.matcher(path).matches() &&
fsTypePattern.matcher(fsType).matches()) ||
// mtdblock is internal, I'm told.
device.contains("mtdblock") ||
// Check for disqualifying patterns in the path.
pathAntiPattern.matcher(path).matches()) {
// If this mounts line fails our tests, skip it.
continue;
}
// TODO maybe: check options to make sure it's mounted RW?
// The answer at http://stackoverflow.com/a/13648873/423105 does.
// But it hasn't seemed to be necessary so far in my testing.
// This line met the criteria so far, so add it to candidate list.
addPath(path, null, mountedPaths);
}
} catch (IOException ignored) {
} finally {
if (bufferedReader != null) {
try {
bufferedReader.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
// Append the paths from mount table to candidate list, in reverse order.
if (!mountedPaths.isEmpty()) {
// See https://stackoverflow.com/a/5374346/423105 on why the following is necessary.
// Basically, .toArray() needs its parameter to know what type of array to return.
File[] mountedPathsArray = mountedPaths.toArray(new File[mountedPaths.size()]);
addAncestors(candidatePaths, mountedPathsArray);
}
// Add hard-coded known common paths to candidate list:
addStrings(candidatePaths, commonPaths);
// If the above doesn't work we could try the following other options, but in my experience they
// haven't added anything helpful yet.
// getExternalFilesDir() and getExternalStorageDirectory() typically something app-specific like
// /storage/sdcard1/Android/data/com.mybackuparchives.android/files
// so we want the great-great-grandparent folder.
// This may be non-removable.
Log.d(TAG, "Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory():");
addPath(null, ancestor(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()), candidatePaths);
// Context.getExternalFilesDirs() is only available from API level 19. You can use
// ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs() on earlier APIs, but it only returns one dir anyway.
Log.d(TAG, "context.getExternalFilesDir(null):");
addPath(null, ancestor(context.getExternalFilesDir(null)), candidatePaths);
// "Returns absolute paths to application-specific directories on all external storage
// devices where the application can place persistent files it owns."
// We might be able to use these to deduce a higher-level folder that isn't app-specific.
// Also, we apparently have to call getExternalFilesDir[s](), at least in KITKAT+, in order to ensure that the
// "external files" directory exists and is available.
Log.d(TAG, "ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(context, null):");
addAncestors(candidatePaths, ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(context, null));
// Very similar results:
Log.d(TAG, "ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs(context):");
addAncestors(candidatePaths, ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs(context));
// TODO maybe: use getExternalStorageState(File path), with and without an argument, when
// available. With an argument is available since API level 21.
// This may not be necessary, since we also check whether a directory exists,
// which would fail if the external storage state is neither MOUNTED nor MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.
// A "public" external storage directory. But in my experience it doesn't add anything helpful.
// Note that you can't pass null, or you'll get an NPE.
final File publicDirectory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC);
// Take the parent, because we tend to get a path like /pathTo/sdCard/Music.
addPath(null, publicDirectory.getParentFile(), candidatePaths);
// EXTERNAL_STORAGE: may not be removable.
val = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
if (candidatePaths.isEmpty()) {
Log.w(TAG, "No removable microSD card found.");
return null;
} else {
Log.i(TAG, "\nFound potential removable storage locations: " + candidatePaths);
}
// Accept or eliminate candidate paths if we can determine whether they're removable storage.
// In Lollipop and later, we can check isExternalStorageRemovable() status on each candidate.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
Iterator<File> itf = candidatePaths.iterator();
while (itf.hasNext()) {
File dir = itf.next();
// handle illegalArgumentException if the path is not a valid storage device.
try {
if (Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable(dir)
// && containsKnownFile(dir)
) {
Log.i(TAG, dir.getPath() + " is removable external storage");
return dir;
} else if (Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated(dir)) {
Log.d(TAG, "Removing emulated external storage dir " + dir);
itf.remove();
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "isRemovable(" + dir.getPath() + "): not a valid storage device.", e);
}
}
}
// Continue trying to accept or eliminate candidate paths based on whether they're removable storage.
// On pre-Lollipop, we only have singular externalStorage. Check whether it's removable.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
File externalStorage = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "findSDCardPath: getExternalStorageDirectory = %s", externalStorage.getPath()));
if (Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable()) {
// Make sure this is a candidate.
// TODO: Does this contains() work? Should we be canonicalizing paths before comparing?
if (candidatePaths.contains(externalStorage)
// && containsKnownFile(externalStorage)
) {
Log.d(TAG, "Using externalStorage dir " + externalStorage);
return externalStorage;
}
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11 && Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated()) {
Log.d(TAG, "Removing emulated external storage dir " + externalStorage);
candidatePaths.remove(externalStorage);
}
}
// If any directory contains our special test file, consider that the microSD card.
if (KNOWNFILE != null) {
for (File dir : candidatePaths) {
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "findSdCardPath: Looking for known file in candidate path, %s", dir));
if (containsKnownFile(dir)) return dir;
}
}
// If we don't find the known file, still try taking the first candidate.
if (!candidatePaths.isEmpty()) {
Log.d(TAG, "No definitive path to SD card; taking the first realistic candidate.");
return candidatePaths.iterator().next();
}
// If no reasonable path was found, give up.
return null;
}
/** Add each path to the collection. */
private static void addStrings(LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths, String[] newPaths) {
for (String path : newPaths) {
addPath(path, null, candidatePaths);
}
}
/** Add ancestor of each File to the collection. */
private static void addAncestors(LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths, File[] files) {
for (int i = files.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
addPath(null, ancestor(files[i]), candidatePaths);
}
}
/**
* Add a new candidate directory path to our list, if it's not obviously wrong.
* Supply path as either String or File object.
* @param strNew path of directory to add (or null)
* @param fileNew directory to add (or null)
*/
private static void addPath(String strNew, File fileNew, Collection<File> paths) {
// If one of the arguments is null, fill it in from the other.
if (strNew == null) {
if (fileNew == null) return;
strNew = fileNew.getPath();
} else if (fileNew == null) {
fileNew = new File(strNew);
}
if (!paths.contains(fileNew) &&
// Check for paths known not to be removable SD card.
// The antipattern check can be redundant, depending on where this is called from.
!pathAntiPattern.matcher(strNew).matches()) {
// Eliminate candidate if not a directory or not fully accessible.
if (fileNew.exists() && fileNew.isDirectory() && fileNew.canExecute()) {
Log.d(TAG, " Adding candidate path " + strNew);
paths.add(fileNew);
} else {
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, " Invalid path %s: exists: %b isDir: %b canExec: %b canRead: %b",
strNew, fileNew.exists(), fileNew.isDirectory(), fileNew.canExecute(), fileNew.canRead()));
}
}
}
private static final String ANDROID_DIR = File.separator + "Android";
private static File ancestor(File dir) {
// getExternalFilesDir() and getExternalStorageDirectory() typically something app-specific like
// /storage/sdcard1/Android/data/com.mybackuparchives.android/files
// so we want the great-great-grandparent folder.
if (dir == null) {
return null;
} else {
String path = dir.getAbsolutePath();
int i = path.indexOf(ANDROID_DIR);
if (i == -1) {
return dir;
} else {
return new File(path.substring(0, i));
}
}
}
/** Returns true iff dir contains the special test file.
* Assumes that dir exists and is a directory. (Is this a necessary assumption?) */
private static boolean containsKnownFile(File dir) {
if (KNOWNFILE == null) return false;
File knownFile = new File(dir, KNOWNFILE);
return knownFile.exists();
}
private static Pattern
/** Pattern that SD card device should match */
devicePattern = Pattern.compile("/dev/(block/.*vold.*|fuse)|/mnt/.*"),
/** Pattern that SD card mount path should match */
pathPattern = Pattern.compile("/(mnt|storage|external_sd|extsd|_ExternalSD|Removable|.*MicroSD).*",
Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
/** Pattern that the mount path should not match.
* 'emulated' indicates an internal storage location, so skip it.
* 'asec' is an encrypted package file, decrypted and mounted as a directory. */
pathAntiPattern = Pattern.compile(".*(/secure|/asec|/emulated).*"),
/** These are expected fs types, including vfat. tmpfs is not OK.
* fuse can be removable SD card (as on Moto E or Asus ZenPad), or can be internal (Huawei G610). */
fsTypePattern = Pattern.compile(".*(fat|msdos|ntfs|ext[34]|fuse|sdcard|esdfs).*");
}
附：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />。而在API级别23及更高版本，确保使用checkSelfPermission / requestPermissions。findSdCardPath(),的价值，而不是每次你需要它的时候重新计算它。Log.d()）的。它可以帮助诊断在正确的道路是没有发现任何情况。注释出来，如果你不想记录。我用以下解决方案提出了基于这里找到一些答案。
码：
public class ExternalStorage {
public static final String SD_CARD = "sdCard";
public static final String EXTERNAL_SD_CARD = "externalSdCard";
/**
* @return True if the external storage is available. False otherwise.
*/
public static boolean isAvailable() {
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state) || Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(state)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static String getSdCardPath() {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/";
}
/**
* @return True if the external storage is writable. False otherwise.
*/
public static boolean isWritable() {
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* @return A map of all storage locations available
*/
public static Map<String, File> getAllStorageLocations() {
Map<String, File> map = new HashMap<String, File>(10);
List<String> mMounts = new ArrayList<String>(10);
List<String> mVold = new ArrayList<String>(10);
mMounts.add("/mnt/sdcard");
mVold.add("/mnt/sdcard");
try {
File mountFile = new File("/proc/mounts");
if(mountFile.exists()){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(mountFile);
while (scanner.hasNext()) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.startsWith("/dev/block/vold/")) {
String[] lineElements = line.split(" ");
String element = lineElements[1];
// don't add the default mount path
// it's already in the list.
if (!element.equals("/mnt/sdcard"))
mMounts.add(element);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
File voldFile = new File("/system/etc/vold.fstab");
if(voldFile.exists()){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(voldFile);
while (scanner.hasNext()) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.startsWith("dev_mount")) {
String[] lineElements = line.split(" ");
String element = lineElements[2];
if (element.contains(":"))
element = element.substring(0, element.indexOf(":"));
if (!element.equals("/mnt/sdcard"))
mVold.add(element);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < mMounts.size(); i++) {
String mount = mMounts.get(i);
if (!mVold.contains(mount))
mMounts.remove(i--);
}
mVold.clear();
List<String> mountHash = new ArrayList<String>(10);
for(String mount : mMounts){
File root = new File(mount);
if (root.exists() && root.isDirectory() && root.canWrite()) {
File[] list = root.listFiles();
String hash = "[";
if(list!=null){
for(File f : list){
hash += f.getName().hashCode()+":"+f.length()+", ";
}
}
hash += "]";
if(!mountHash.contains(hash)){
String key = SD_CARD + "_" + map.size();
if (map.size() == 0) {
key = SD_CARD;
} else if (map.size() == 1) {
key = EXTERNAL_SD_CARD;
}
mountHash.add(hash);
map.put(key, root);
}
}
}
mMounts.clear();
if(map.isEmpty()){
map.put(SD_CARD, Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory());
}
return map;
}
}
用法：
Map<String, File> externalLocations = ExternalStorage.getAllStorageLocations();
File sdCard = externalLocations.get(ExternalStorage.SD_CARD);
File externalSdCard = externalLocations.get(ExternalStorage.EXTERNAL_SD_CARD);
它的所有外部设备的工作，但要确保只有获得外部设备的文件夹名称，然后你需要使用文件类从给定的位置获取文件。
public static List<String> getExternalMounts() {
final List<String> out = new ArrayList<>();
String reg = "(?i).*vold.*(vfat|ntfs|exfat|fat32|ext3|ext4).*rw.*";
String s = "";
try {
final Process process = new ProcessBuilder().command("mount")
.redirectErrorStream(true).start();
process.waitFor();
final InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while (is.read(buffer) != -1) {
s = s + new String(buffer);
}
is.close();
} catch (final Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// parse output
final String[] lines = s.split("\n");
for (String line : lines) {
if (!line.toLowerCase(Locale.US).contains("asec")) {
if (line.matches(reg)) {
String[] parts = line.split(" ");
for (String part : parts) {
if (part.startsWith("/"))
if (!part.toLowerCase(Locale.US).contains("vold"))
out.add(part);
}
}
}
}
return out;
}
呼叫：
List<String> list=getExternalMounts();
if(list.size()>0)
{
String[] arr=list.get(0).split("/");
int size=0;
if(arr!=null && arr.length>0) {
size= arr.length - 1;
}
File parentDir=new File("/storage/"+arr[size]);
if(parentDir.listFiles()!=null){
File parent[] = parentDir.listFiles();
for (int i = 0; i < parent.length; i++) {
// get file path as parent[i].getAbsolutePath());
}
}
}
获得访问外部存储
为了在外部存储读取或写入文件，应用程序必须获得READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE或WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE系统权限。例如：
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
...
</manifest>
/ SD卡=>内部存储（这是一个符号链接，但应该工作）
的/ mnt / extSdCard =>外部SD卡
这是三星Galaxy S3
你也许可以在银行这对于大多数...双然而检查真！
我该用在被要求的用户选择他们想在那里保存东西的位置ListPreference的应用程序。在该应用程序，我扫描的/ proc /坐骑和/system/etc/vold.fstab为SD卡安装点。我从保存每个文件的挂载点为两个独立的ArrayLists。
然后，我比较了一个清单，这不是两个列表中的其他和丢弃的物品。这给了我的根路径列表给每个SD卡。
从那里，我测试了File.exists()，File.isDirectory()和File.canWrite()的路径。如果任何这些测试都是假的，我丢弃从列表中的路径。
所剩下的在列表中，我转换为String[]阵列，以便它可以由ListPreference属性的值可以使用。
你可以在这里查看代码：http://sapienmobile.com/?p=204
您可以尝试使用名为ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs()的支持库的函数：
final File[] appsDir=ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(getActivity(),null);
final ArrayList<File> extRootPaths=new ArrayList<>();
for(final File file : appsDir)
extRootPaths.add(file.getParentFile().getParentFile().getParentFile().getParentFile());
第一种是主外部存储，其余都应该是真实SD卡路径。
究其原因，多个“.getParentFile（）”是去了另一个文件夹，因为原来的路径
.../Android/data/YOUR_APP_PACKAGE_NAME/files/
编辑：这是我创造了一个更全面的方式，来获取SD卡的路径：
/**
* returns a list of all available sd cards paths, or null if not found.
*
* @param includePrimaryExternalStorage set to true if you wish to also include the path of the primary external storage
*/
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public static List<String> getSdCardPaths(final Context context, final boolean includePrimaryExternalStorage)
{
final File[] externalCacheDirs=ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs(context);
if(externalCacheDirs==null||externalCacheDirs.length==0)
return null;
if(externalCacheDirs.length==1)
{
if(externalCacheDirs[0]==null)
return null;
final String storageState=EnvironmentCompat.getStorageState(externalCacheDirs[0]);
if(!Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(storageState))
return null;
if(!includePrimaryExternalStorage&&VERSION.SDK_INT>=VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB&&Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated())
return null;
}
final List<String> result=new ArrayList<>();
if(includePrimaryExternalStorage||externalCacheDirs.length==1)
result.add(getRootOfInnerSdCardFolder(externalCacheDirs[0]));
for(int i=1;i<externalCacheDirs.length;++i)
{
final File file=externalCacheDirs[i];
if(file==null)
continue;
final String storageState=EnvironmentCompat.getStorageState(file);
if(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(storageState))
result.add(getRootOfInnerSdCardFolder(externalCacheDirs[i]));
}
if(result.isEmpty())
return null;
return result;
}
/** Given any file/folder inside an sd card, this will return the path of the sd card */
private static String getRootOfInnerSdCardFolder(File file)
{
if(file==null)
return null;
final long totalSpace=file.getTotalSpace();
while(true)
{
final File parentFile=file.getParentFile();
if(parentFile==null||parentFile.getTotalSpace()!=totalSpace)
return file.getAbsolutePath();
file=parentFile;
}
}
为了获取所有External Storages（无论是SD卡或内部不可移动存储器），您可以使用下面的代码：
final String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if ( Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state) || Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(state) ) { // we can read the External Storage...
//Retrieve the primary External Storage:
final File primaryExternalStorage = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
//Retrieve the External Storages root directory:
final String externalStorageRootDir;
if ( (externalStorageRootDir = primaryExternalStorage.getParent()) == null ) { // no parent...
Log.d(TAG, "External Storage: " + primaryExternalStorage + "\n");
}
else {
final File externalStorageRoot = new File( externalStorageRootDir );
final File[] files = externalStorageRoot.listFiles();
for ( final File file : files ) {
if ( file.isDirectory() && file.canRead() && (file.listFiles().length > 0) ) { // it is a real directory (not a USB drive)...
Log.d(TAG, "External Storage: " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n");
}
}
}
}
另外，您也可以使用System.getenv（“EXTERNAL_STORAGE”）来检索主要外部存储目录（如“/存储/ sdcard0”）和System.getenv（“SECONDARY_STORAGE”），以retieve所有辅助目录的列表（例如“ /存储/ extSdCard：/存储/ UsbDriveA：/存储/ UsbDriveB“）。请记住，在此情况下，你可能要筛选，以排除USB驱动器辅助目录的列表。
在任何情况下，请注意使用硬编码路径始终是一个不错的办法（expecially在每一个制造商可能会改变它高兴）。
像理查德我也用的/ proc /坐骑文件，以获得的可用存储选项列表
public class StorageUtils {
private static final String TAG = "StorageUtils";
public static class StorageInfo {
public final String path;
public final boolean internal;
public final boolean readonly;
public final int display_number;
StorageInfo(String path, boolean internal, boolean readonly, int display_number) {
this.path = path;
this.internal = internal;
this.readonly = readonly;
this.display_number = display_number;
}
public String getDisplayName() {
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
if (internal) {
res.append("Internal SD card");
} else if (display_number > 1) {
res.append("SD card " + display_number);
} else {
res.append("SD card");
}
if (readonly) {
res.append(" (Read only)");
}
return res.toString();
}
}
public static List<StorageInfo> getStorageList() {
List<StorageInfo> list = new ArrayList<StorageInfo>();
String def_path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath();
boolean def_path_internal = !Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable();
String def_path_state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
boolean def_path_available = def_path_state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)
|| def_path_state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY);
boolean def_path_readonly = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY);
BufferedReader buf_reader = null;
try {
HashSet<String> paths = new HashSet<String>();
buf_reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("/proc/mounts"));
String line;
int cur_display_number = 1;
Log.d(TAG, "/proc/mounts");
while ((line = buf_reader.readLine()) != null) {
Log.d(TAG, line);
if (line.contains("vfat") || line.contains("/mnt")) {
StringTokenizer tokens = new StringTokenizer(line, " ");
String unused = tokens.nextToken(); //device
String mount_point = tokens.nextToken(); //mount point
if (paths.contains(mount_point)) {
continue;
}
unused = tokens.nextToken(); //file system
List<String> flags = Arrays.asList(tokens.nextToken().split(",")); //flags
boolean readonly = flags.contains("ro");
if (mount_point.equals(def_path)) {
paths.add(def_path);
list.add(0, new StorageInfo(def_path, def_path_internal, readonly, -1));
} else if (line.contains("/dev/block/vold")) {
if (!line.contains("/mnt/secure")
&& !line.contains("/mnt/asec")
&& !line.contains("/mnt/obb")
&& !line.contains("/dev/mapper")
&& !line.contains("tmpfs")) {
paths.add(mount_point);
list.add(new StorageInfo(mount_point, false, readonly, cur_display_number++));
}
}
}
}
if (!paths.contains(def_path) && def_path_available) {
list.add(0, new StorageInfo(def_path, def_path_internal, def_path_readonly, -1));
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (buf_reader != null) {
try {
buf_reader.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {}
}
}
return list;
}
}
有可能寻找到任何额外的SD卡读取/proc/mounts（标准的Linux文件）和针对vold数据对照（/system/etc/vold.conf）安装。而且注意，通过Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()返回的位置可能不会出现在配置vold的（在某些设备上的内部存储空间不能被卸载），但仍然有被列入名单。然而，我们没有找到describe them to the user的好办法。
我试图在这个时候这个话题里面所有的解决方案。但他们都没有正确的设备上使用一个外部（可拆除）和一个内部（不可拆卸）卡。外卡不可能的路径从“安装”命令来获得，从“PROC /坐骑”文件等。
我创造我自己的解决方案（在圣保罗栾的）：
String sSDpath = null;
File fileCur = null;
for( String sPathCur : Arrays.asList( "ext_card", "external_sd", "ext_sd", "external", "extSdCard", "externalSdCard")) // external sdcard
{
fileCur = new File( "/mnt/", sPathCur);
if( fileCur.isDirectory() && fileCur.canWrite())
{
sSDpath = fileCur.getAbsolutePath();
break;
}
}
fileCur = null;
if( sSDpath == null) sSDpath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
如果你看一下android.os.Environment的源代码，你会看到Android的严重依赖于环境变量路径。您可以使用“SECONDARY_STORAGE”环境变量找到路径可移动SD卡。
/**
* Get a file using an environmental variable.
*
* @param variableName
* The Environment variable name.
* @param paths
* Any paths to the file if the Environment variable was not found.
* @return the File or {@code null} if the File could not be located.
*/
private static File getDirectory(String variableName, String... paths) {
String path = System.getenv(variableName);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
if (path.contains(":")) {
for (String _path : path.split(":")) {
File file = new File(_path);
if (file.exists()) {
return file;
}
}
} else {
File file = new File(path);
if (file.exists()) {
return file;
}
}
}
if (paths != null && paths.length > 0) {
for (String _path : paths) {
File file = new File(_path);
if (file.exists()) {
return file;
}
}
}
return null;
}
实例：
public static final File REMOVABLE_STORAGE = getDirectory("SECONDARY_STORAGE");