图像未显示 - rgl

Question

一年前，以下代码用于显示输出，但事实并非如此。也没有显示错误。我正在阅读软件包更改，但无法确定原因。

library(rgl)

x1 <- seq(0, 2, len = 20)
x2 <- seq(0, 2, len = 20)
y <- outer(x1,x2, function(x1,x2) 1 + x1*2 + x2) 

persp3d(x=x1, y=x2, z=y, theta = 30, phi = 30, expand = 1, col = "green")
surface3d(x=x1, y=x2, z=y, back = "lines")
surface3d(x=x1, y=x2, z=y, front = "lines")
bgplot3d({
  plot.new()
  title(main = 'y = 1 + 2*x1 + x2', line = 3)
})

Answer 1

我尝试重现您的问题，但我自己也遇到了同样的问题。这里的问题是

rgl

默认使用“空”设备......当我试图明确停止它时，

open3d(useNULL=F)
# Error in open3d(useNULL = F) : OpenGL is not available in this build

这让我知道了这次它是如何安装的，我在安装日志（在R控制台上）中找到了：

install.packages("rgl")
# Installing package into ‘/home/r2/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.2’
# (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
# trying URL 'https://packagemanager.posit.co/cran/latest/src/contrib/rgl_1.2.1.tar.gz'
# Content type 'binary/octet-stream' length 2558042 bytes (2.4 MB)
# ==================================================
# downloaded 2.4 MB
# * installing *source* package ‘rgl’ ...
# ** package ‘rgl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
# ** using staged installation
# checking for gcc... gcc
# ...
# configure: using libpng-config
# configure: using libpng dynamic linkage
# checking for X... no
# configure: WARNING: X11 not found, continuing without OpenGL support.
# configure: compiling without OpenGL support
# configure: creating ./config.status

特别是

compiling without OpenGL support

部分。 （如果重要的话，我正在使用 wayland 运行 ubuntu-23.04。）

查看

安装说明，它提到了操作系统软件包libgl1-mesa-dev

和

libglu1-mesa-dev

，你瞧，它们没有安装在我的系统上。在 shell（不是 R）提示符下，我用以下命令确认了这一缺失：

$ dpkg -l libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev
dpkg-query: no packages found matching libgl1-mesa-dev
dpkg-query: no packages found matching libglu1-mesa-dev

安装后：

$ sudo apt install -y libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev （输出很多），然后我卸载了 R 包

rgl

并从头开始重新编译。

remove.packages("rgl")
install.packages("rgl")
# Installing package into ‘/home/r2/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.2’
# (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
# trying URL 'https://packagemanager.posit.co/cran/latest/src/contrib/rgl_1.2.1.tar.gz'
# Content type 'binary/octet-stream' length 2558042 bytes (2.4 MB)
# ==================================================
# downloaded 2.4 MB
# * installing *source* package ‘rgl’ ...
# ** package ‘rgl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
# ** using staged installation
# checking for gcc... gcc
# ...
# checking for libpng-config... yes
# configure: using libpng-config
# configure: using libpng dynamic linkage
# checking for X... libraries , headers              <--- BETTER!
# checking for XAllocClassHint... yes
# checking for GL/gl.h... yes                        <--- another good sign
# checking for GL/glu.h... yes
# ...
# configure: creating ./config.status

主观上注意到它花费了更长的时间，因为它有更多的文件需要编译和链接。完成后

我重新启动了R（我认为这是必要的），

library(rgl)
open3d()
# Warning in par3d(userMatrix = c(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.342020143325668, -0.939692620785909,  :
#   font family "sans" not found, using "bitmap"
# glX 
#   1 
x1 <- seq(0, 2, len = 20)
x2 <- seq(0, 2, len = 20)
y <- outer(x1,x2, function(x1,x2) 1 + x1*2 + x2) 

persp3d(x=x1, y=x2, z=y, theta = 30, phi = 30, expand = 1, col = "green")
surface3d(x=x1, y=x2, z=y, back = "lines")
surface3d(x=x1, y=x2, z=y, front = "lines")
bgplot3d({
  plot.new()
  title(main = 'y = 1 + 2*x1 + x2', line = 3)
})

制作了一个情节：