MP4到DASH（bash脚本）

Question

我有一个网站，用户可以在其中上传视频文件。我想使用DASH流式传输所有这些以获得自适应比特率流。所以我写了一个bash脚本（由cron运行）将所有mp4文件转换为DASH，但它不能正常工作：出了什么问题？

例如，使用以下脚本，我获得了：https://www.informatica-libera.net/dash_faq/stream.mpd

它有效，但不起作用。我测试了它：http://dash-mse-test.appspot.com/dash-player.html?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.informatica-libera.net%2Fdash_faq%2Fstream.mpd&autoplay=on&adapt=auto&flavor=

感谢您的任何帮助。代码：

#!/bin/bash

# THIS SCRIPT CONVERTS EVERY MP4 (IN THE CURRENT FOLDER AND SUBFOLDER)
# TO A MULTI-BITRATE VIDEO IN MP4-DASH
# For each file "videoname.mp4" it creates a folder "dash_videoname" 
# containing a dash manifest file "stream.mpd" and subfolders containing 
# video segments.

# mp4dash documentation and download: https://www.bento4.com/developers/dash/

MYDIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f ${BASH_SOURCE[0]}))
SAVEDIR=$(pwd)

# Check programs
if [ -z "$(which ffmpeg)" ]; then
    echo "Error: ffmpeg is not installed"
    exit 1
fi

if [ -z "$(which mp4dash)" ]; then
    echo "Error: mp4dash is not installed"
    exit 1
fi

cd "$MYDIR"

TARGET_FILES=$(find ./ -type f -name "*.mp4")
for f in $TARGET_FILES
do
  f=$(basename "$f") # fullname of the file
  f="${f%.*}" # name without extension

  if [ ! -d "dash_${f}" ]; then
    echo "Converting \"$f\" to multi-bitrate video in MPEG-DASH"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 1500k -vf "scale=-2:720" -f mp4 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 1500k -vf "scale=-2:720" -f mp4 -pass 2 "${f}_1500.mp4"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 800k -vf "scale=-2:540" -f mp4 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 800k -vf "scale=-2:540" -f mp4 -pass 2 "${f}_800.mp4"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 400k -vf "scale=-2:360" -f mp4 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 400k -vf "scale=-2:360" -f mp4 -pass 2 "${f}_400.mp4"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 200k -vf "scale=-2:180" -f mp4 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 200k -vf "scale=-2:180" -f mp4 -pass 2 "${f}_200.mp4"

    rm -f ffmpeg*log*

    mp4fragment "${f}_1500.mp4" "${f}_1500_fragmented.mp4"
    mp4fragment "${f}_800.mp4" "${f}_800_fragmented.mp4"
    mp4fragment "${f}_400.mp4" "${f}_400_fragmented.mp4"
    mp4fragment "${f}_200.mp4" "${f}_200_fragmented.mp4"

    rm -f "${f}_1500.mp4" "${f}_800.mp4" "${f}_400.mp4" "${f}_200.mp4"

    mp4dash -v -o "dash_${f}" "${f}_1500_fragmented.mp4" "${f}_800_fragmented.mp4" "${f}_400_fragmented.mp4" "${f}_200_fragmented.mp4"

    rm -f "${f}_1500_fragmented.mp4" "${f}_800_fragmented.mp4" "${f}_400_fragmented.mp4" "${f}_200_fragmented.mp4"

    fi

done

cd "$SAVEDIR"

Answer 1

我解决了这个问题（但它与每个现代浏览器并不完全兼容，例如在我的Linux版本的Firefox上，音频无法播放）：

#!/bin/bash

# THIS SCRIPT CONVERTS EVERY MP4 (IN THE CURRENT FOLDER AND SUBFOLDER) TO A MULTI-BITRATE VIDEO IN MP4-DASH
# For each file "videoname.mp4" it creates a folder "dash_videoname" containing a dash manifest file "stream.mpd" and subfolders containing video segments.

# Validation tool:
# http://dashif.org/conformance.html

# Documentation:
# https://tdngan.wordpress.com/2016/11/17/how-to-encode-multi-bitrate-videos-in-mpeg-dash-for-mse-based-media-players/

# Remember to add the following mime-types (uncommented) to .htaccess:
# AddType video/mp4 m4s
# AddType application/dash+xml mpd

# DASH-264 JavaScript Reference Client
# https://github.com/Dash-Industry-Forum/dash.js
# https://github.com/Dash-Industry-Forum/dash.js/wiki

MYDIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f ${BASH_SOURCE[0]}))
SAVEDIR=$(pwd)

# Check programs
if [ -z "$(which ffmpeg)" ]; then
    echo "Error: ffmpeg is not installed"
    exit 1
fi

if [ -z "$(which MP4Box)" ]; then
    echo "Error: MP4Box is not installed"
    exit 1
fi

cd "$MYDIR"

TARGET_FILES=$(find ./ -type f -name "*.mp4")
for f in $TARGET_FILES
do
  f=$(basename "$f") # fullname of the file
  f="${f%.*}" # name without extension

  if [ ! -d "dash_${f}" ]; then
    echo "Converting \"$f\" to multi-bitrate video in MPEG-DASH"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libfdk_aac -ac 2 -ab 128k -vn "${f}_audio.m4a"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -an -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 1500k -vf "scale=-2:720" -f mp4 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -an -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 1500k -vf "scale=-2:720" -f mp4 -pass 2 "${f}_1500.mp4"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -an -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 800k -vf "scale=-2:540" -f mp4 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -an -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 800k -vf "scale=-2:540" -f mp4 -pass 2 "${f}_800.mp4"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -an -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 400k -vf "scale=-2:360" -f mp4 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -an -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 400k -vf "scale=-2:360" -f mp4 -pass 2 "${f}_400.mp4"

    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -an -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 200k -vf "scale=-2:180" -f mp4 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -y -i "${f}.mp4" -an -c:v libx264 -x264opts 'keyint=24:min-keyint=24:no-scenecut' -b:v 200k -vf "scale=-2:180" -f mp4 -pass 2 "${f}_200.mp4"

    rm -f ffmpeg*log*

    MP4Box -dash 2000 -rap -frag-rap -profile onDemand "${f}_1500.mp4" "${f}_800.mp4" "${f}_400.mp4" "${f}_200.mp4" "${f}_audio.m4a" -out "${f}_MP4.mpd"


    rm  "${f}_1500.mp4" "${f}_800.mp4" "${f}_400.mp4" "${f}_200.mp4" "${f}_audio.m4a"

    fi

done

cd "$SAVEDIR"

我也试过VP9而不是h.264，但在这种情况下也没有兼容所有浏览器（在我的Linux发行版中，它只在Firefox上正常播放，而在Chrome上根本不播放）：

#!/bin/bash
MYDIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f ${BASH_SOURCE[0]}))
SAVEDIR=$(pwd)

# Controlla che i programmi richiesti siano installati
if [ -z "$(which ffmpeg)" ]; then
    echo "Errore: ffmpeg non e' installato"
    exit 1
fi

cd "$MYDIR"

TARGET_FILES=$(find ./ -type f -name "*.mp4")
for f in $TARGET_FILES
do
  f=$(basename "$f") # memorizza il nome completo del file
  f="${f%.*}" # toglie l'estensione
  if [ ! -f "${f}.mpd" ]; then
    echo "Converto il file \"$f\" in Adaptive WebM using DASH"
    echo "Riferimenti: http://wiki.webmproject.org/adaptive-streaming/instructions-to-playback-adaptive-webm-using-dash"

    # http://wiki.webmproject.org/adaptive-streaming/instructions-to-playback-adaptive-webm-using-dash

    VP9_DASH_PARAMS="-tile-columns 4 -frame-parallel 1"

    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:90 -b:v 250k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:90 -b:v 250k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 2 "${f}_160px_250k.webm"

    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:180 -b:v 500k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:180 -b:v 500k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 2 "${f}_320px_500k.webm"

    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:360 -b:v 750k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:360 -b:v 750k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 2 "${f}_640px_750k.webm"

    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:360 -b:v 1000k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:360 -b:v 1000k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 2 "${f}_640px_1000k.webm"

    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:720 -b:v 1500k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 1 -y /dev/null
    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -vf scale=-1:720 -b:v 1500k -keyint_min 150 -g 150 ${VP9_DASH_PARAMS} -an -f webm -dash 1 -pass 2 "${f}_1280px_1500k.webm"

    ffmpeg -i "${f}.mp4" -c:a libvorbis -b:a 128k -vn -f webm -dash 1 "${f}_audio_128k.webm"


    rm -f ffmpeg*.log

    ffmpeg \
    -f webm_dash_manifest -i "${f}_160px_250k.webm" \
    -f webm_dash_manifest -i "${f}_320px_500k.webm" \
    -f webm_dash_manifest -i "${f}_640px_750k.webm" \
    -f webm_dash_manifest -i "${f}_640px_1000k.webm" \
    -f webm_dash_manifest -i "${f}_1280px_1500k.webm" \
    -f webm_dash_manifest -i "${f}_audio_128k.webm" \
    -c copy -map 0 -map 1 -map 2 -map 3 -map 4 -map 5 \
    -f webm_dash_manifest \
    -adaptation_sets "id=0,streams=0,1,2,3,4 id=1,streams=5" \
    "${f}.mpd"

    fi

done

cd "$SAVEDIR"

我找不到向所有浏览器提供音频/视频内容的方法。我完成了我的测试：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="http://cdn.dashjs.org/latest/dash.all.min.js"></script>
<style>
    video {
       width: 640px;
       height: 360px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
       <video data-dashjs-player autoplay src="test.mpd" controls></video>
   </div>
</body>
</html>