我正在尝试创建一个exe文件，该文件可以传输到任何计算机上并且可以毫无问题地运行，即使接收者没有python解释器并且对用户环境变量的访问已关闭。为此，我使用pyinstaller，因为该模块占用的最终文件空间较小。
我有一个测试文件，其中包括用于机器学习的导入模块。要检查程序是否正常运行，脚本将输出模块版本。在python IDE中运行此文件时，没有问题。
import sys
print('Версия Python:',sys.version)
import asyncio, socket
from threading import Thread
import subprocess
import sqlite3
from datetime import datetime, date, time
import datetime as dt
import numpy as np
print("Версия numpy:",np.__version__)
from numpy import split
from numpy import sqrt
from numpy import array
from numpy import newaxis
import pandas as pd
print("Версия pandas:",pd.__version__)
from pandas import read_csv
import matplotlib
print("Версия matplotlib",matplotlib.__version__)
from matplotlib import pyplot
import sklearn
print("Версия scikit-learn",sklearn.__version__)
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
print('Версия tensorflow:',tf.__version__)
import keras
print('Версия keras:',keras.__version__)
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense
from keras.layers import LSTM
from keras.layers import Dropout
from keras.layers import RepeatVector
from keras.layers import TimeDistributed
print('Все библиотеки импортированы. Нажмите <Enter> чтобы продолжить')
input()
所有操作均在存在库数据的虚拟环境中执行。当前版本的Python 3.6当前版本的库： -张量流== 2.0.0 -matplotlib == 3.1.1 -numpy == 1.18.2 -Keras == 2.3.1 -scikit-learn == 0.22.1 -scipy == 1.4.1
要构建为单个exe文件，我在活动的虚拟环境中使用以下命令：（测试）C：\ Users \ ilka \ python-virtual-environments> pyinstaller --onefile test.py
'''
118 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6
119 INFO: Python: 3.6.8
121 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
122 INFO: wrote C:\Users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test.spec
126 INFO: UPX is not available.
129 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['C:\\Users\\ilka\\python-virtual-environments',
'C:\\Users\\ilka\\python-virtual-environments']
130 INFO: checking Analysis
374 INFO: Building because C:\Users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test.py changed
374 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
411 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
527 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
12015 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
12229 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
12265 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
required by c:\users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test\scripts\python.exe
12646 INFO: Analyzing C:\Users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test.py
17800 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils
17847 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:\\Users\\ilka\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\lib'
20470 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves
22617 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site
22657 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'c:\\users\\ilka\\python-virtual-environments\\test\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\fake-modules'
42702 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook six.moves
115257 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook urllib3.packages.six.moves
121660 INFO: Processing module hooks...
121661 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-certifi.py"...
121713 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...
121763 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
121933 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-h5py.py"...
121946 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"...
122010 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-matplotlib.backends.py"...
128209 INFO: Matplotlib backend "GTK3Agg": ignored
cairo backend requires that pycairo>=1.11.0 or cairocffiis installed
128943 INFO: Matplotlib backend "GTK3Cairo": ignored
cairo backend requires that pycairo>=1.11.0 or cairocffiis installed
131171 INFO: Matplotlib backend "MacOSX": ignored
cannot import name '_macosx'
131911 INFO: Matplotlib backend "nbAgg": ignored
No module named 'IPython'
132915 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt4Agg": ignored
Failed to import any qt binding
133602 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt4Cairo": ignored
cairo backend requires that pycairo>=1.11.0 or cairocffiis installed
134330 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt5Agg": ignored
Failed to import any qt binding
135012 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt5Cairo": ignored
cairo backend requires that pycairo>=1.11.0 or cairocffiis installed
136509 INFO: Matplotlib backend "TkAgg": added
137490 INFO: Matplotlib backend "TkCairo": ignored
cairo backend requires that pycairo>=1.11.0 or cairocffiis installed
140466 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WebAgg": added
141410 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WX": ignored
No module named 'wx'
142097 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WXAgg": ignored
No module named 'wx'
142777 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WXCairo": ignored
No module named 'wx'
143467 INFO: Matplotlib backend "agg": added
144147 INFO: Matplotlib backend "cairo": ignored
cairo backend requires that pycairo>=1.11.0 or cairocffiis installed
145271 INFO: Matplotlib backend "pdf": added
146229 INFO: Matplotlib backend "pgf": added
146943 INFO: Matplotlib backend "ps": added
147664 INFO: Matplotlib backend "svg": added
148561 INFO: Matplotlib backend "template": added
149728 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-matplotlib.py"...
150401 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"...
150738 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"...
150742 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pandas.py"...
162410 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"...
163122 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com
164014 INFO: Excluding import '__main__'
164019 INFO: Removing import of __main__ from module pkg_resources
164020 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
164060 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pythoncom.py"...
164612 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pytz.py"...
164733 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pywintypes.py"...
165265 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.linalg.py"...
165270 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.py"...
165341 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.sparse.csgraph.py"...
165366 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.special._ellip_harm_2.py"...
165368 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.special._ufuncs.py"...
165371 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"...
166688 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sklearn.metrics.cluster.py"...
166722 WARNING: Hidden import "sklearn.utils.sparsetools._graph_validation" not found!
166723 WARNING: Hidden import "sklearn.utils.sparsetools._graph_tools" not found!
166725 WARNING: Hidden import "sklearn.utils.lgamma" not found!
166736 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sqlite3.py"...
167009 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"...
167025 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-win32com.py"...
168086 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"...
168116 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
168118 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"...
168809 INFO: checking Tree
169765 INFO: checking Tree
170260 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
170358 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
170387 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_certifi.py'
170406 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py'
170418 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py'
170429 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth__tkinter.py'
170444 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_mplconfig.py'
170454 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_mpldata.py'
170463 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'
170541 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
189309 INFO: Looking for eggs
189309 INFO: Using Python library c:\users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test\scripts\python36.dll
189311 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
189356 INFO: Warnings written to C:\Users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\build\test\warn-test.txt
190159 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to C:\Users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\build\test\xref-test.html
190556 INFO: checking PYZ
190659 INFO: Building because toc changed
190660 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\build\test\PYZ-00.pyz
197584 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\build\test\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
197753 INFO: checking PKG
197873 INFO: Building because toc changed
197874 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
277841 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
277980 INFO: Bootloader c:\users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\run.exe
277980 INFO: checking EXE
278103 INFO: Building because toc changed
278103 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
278180 INFO: Appending archive to EXE C:\Users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\dist\test.exe
279340 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
'''
您可以从日志中看到，隐藏的导入存在一些问题：
166722 WARNING: Hidden import "sklearn.utils.sparsetools._graph_validation" not found!
166723 WARNING: Hidden import "sklearn.utils.sparsetools._graph_tools" not found!
166725 WARNING: Hidden import "sklearn.utils.lgamma" not found!
当我尝试运行生成的.exe时，出现与sklearn库相关的模块导入错误
Версия Python: 3.6.8 (tags/v3.6.8:3c6b436a57, Dec 24 2018, 00:16:47) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Версия numpy: 1.18.2
c:\users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py:623: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning:
The MATPLOTLIBDATA environment variable was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.1 and will be removed in 3.3.
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
Версия pandas: 0.25.3
Версия matplotlib 3.1.1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyiboot01_bootstrap.py", line 174, in __init__
File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 348, in __init__
OSError: [WinError 126] Не найден указанный модуль
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 28, in <module>
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
File "c:\users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 623, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "lib\site-packages\sklearn\__init__.py", line 80, in <module>
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
File "c:\users\ilka\python-virtual-environments\test\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 623, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "lib\site-packages\sklearn\_distributor_init.py", line 18, in <module>
File "lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyiboot01_bootstrap.py", line 176, in __init__
__main__.PyInstallerImportError: Failed to load dynlib/dll 'C:\\Users\\ilka\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\_MEI69042\\sklearn\\.libs\\vcomp140.dll'. Most probably this dynlib/dll was not found when the application was frozen.
[7056] Failed to execute script test
我试图在python 3.5、3.6和3.7中运行此代码。结果到处都是一样的。
此处https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/issues/3907中描述的函数freeze_support（）无法解决此问题
我尝试使用How do you resolve 'hidden imports not found!' warnings in pyinstaller for scipy?中描述的挂钩。但是具有依赖关系的文件已经存在于虚拟环境中（hook-sklearn.metrics.cluster.py），并且已隐藏了所需库上的隐藏导入]
# Tested on Windows 7 64bit with scikit-learn 0.17 and Python 2.7
hiddenimports = ['sklearn.utils.sparsetools._graph_validation',
'sklearn.utils.sparsetools._graph_tools',
'sklearn.utils.lgamma',
'sklearn.utils.weight_vector']
您能帮我解决这个问题吗？