我是铁路的新手。我正在尝试创建一个rails项目
rails new depot
不幸的是，在rails试图进行sqlite的geminstall时，这是失败的
错误如下
Fetching sqlite3 1.4.0
Installing sqlite3 1.4.0 with native extensions
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory:
C:/Ruby24-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.0/ext/sqlite3
C:/Ruby24-x64/bin/ruby.exe -r ./siteconf20190205-19788-3qr0ge.rb extconf.rb
checking for sqlite3.h... no
sqlite3.h is missing. Install SQLite3 from http://www.sqlite.org/ first.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=C:/Ruby24-x64/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--with-sqlcipher
--without-sqlcipher
--with-sqlite3-config
--without-sqlite3-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-sqlcipher
--without-sqlcipher
--with-sqlite3-dir
--without-sqlite3-dir
--with-sqlite3-include
--without-sqlite3-include=${sqlite3-dir}/include
--with-sqlite3-lib
--without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can
be found here:
C:/Ruby24-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.4.0/sqlite3-1.4.0/mkmf.log
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in
C:/Ruby24-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.0 for inspection.
Results logged to
C:/Ruby24-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.4.0/sqlite3-1.4.0/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.4.0), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.4.0'` succeeds before bundling.
In Gemfile:
sqlite3
C:\Users\rose\railsprojects>
我已经从SQLite下载页面安装（复制的二进制文件）到我的C：\ sqlite文件夹。我的操作系统是64位，所以我下载了“sqlite-dll-win64-x64-3260000.zip”和“sqlite-tools-win32-x86-3260000.zip”（从这里https://www.sqlite.org/download.html）我也有dll和头文件显示
02/12/2018 12:38 AM 504,837 shell.c
02/12/2018 12:39 AM 490,496 sqldiff.exe
02/12/2018 12:38 AM 7,770,073 sqlite3.c
02/12/2018 12:26 PM 5,933 sqlite3.def
02/12/2018 12:27 PM 1,878,528 sqlite3.dll
02/12/2018 12:40 AM 911,360 sqlite3.exe
02/12/2018 12:38 AM 556,318 sqlite3.h
02/12/2018 12:38 AM 33,713 sqlite3ext.h
02/12/2018 12:40 AM 2,003,968 sqlite3_analyzer.exe
因为这个错误我尝试用gem命令安装sqlite3因为我的头和DLL在目录C：\ sqlite中，我在msys2终端上使用了以下命令
ridk enable
C:\Users\rose>gem install sqlite3 --platform=ruby -- --with-sqlite3-dir=C:\sqlite
Fetching: sqlite3-1.4.0.gem (100%)
Installing required msys2 packages: mingw-w64-x86_64-sqlite3
Building native extensions with: '--with-sqlite3-dir=C:\sqlite'
This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing sqlite3:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: C:/Ruby25-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.0/ext/sqlite3
C:/Ruby25-x64/bin/ruby.exe -r ./siteconf20190205-17968-rk6pw2.rb extconf.rb --with-sqlite3-dir=C:\sqlite
checking for sqlite3.h... yes
checking for pthread_create() in -lpthread... yes
checking for -ldl... no
checking for dlopen()... no
missing function dlopen
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=C:/Ruby25-x64/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--with-sqlcipher
--without-sqlcipher
--with-sqlite3-config
--without-sqlite3-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-sqlcipher
--without-sqlcipher
--with-sqlite3-dir
--with-sqlite3-include
--without-sqlite3-include=${sqlite3-dir}/include
--with-sqlite3-lib
--without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib
--with-pthreadlib
--without-pthreadlib
--with-dllib
--without-dllib
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
C:/Ruby25-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.5.0/sqlite3-1.4.0/mkmf.log
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in C:/Ruby25-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.0 for inspection.
Results logged to C:/Ruby25-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.5.0/sqlite3-1.4.0/gem_make.out
C:\Users\rose>
有什么线索丢失了吗？
mkmf日志说
"pkg-config --exists sqlite3"
| pkg-config --libs sqlite3
=> "-LC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/lib -lsqlite3\n"
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby25-x64/lib -L. -pipe -s -lx64-msvcrt-ruby250 -lgmp -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
6: {
7: return 0;
8: }
/* end */
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby25-x64/lib -L. -pipe -s -lx64-msvcrt-ruby250 -LC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/lib -lsqlite3 -lgmp -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
6: {
7: return 0;
8: }
/* end */
| pkg-config --cflags-only-I sqlite3
=> "-IC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/include\n"
| pkg-config --cflags-only-other sqlite3
=> "\n"
| pkg-config --libs-only-l sqlite3
=> "-lsqlite3\n"
package configuration for sqlite3
cflags:
ldflags: -LC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/lib
libs: -lsqlite3
find_header: checking for sqlite3.h... -------------------- yes
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -E -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -IC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/include -IC:\sqlite/include -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe conftest.c -o conftest.i"
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <sqlite3.h>
/* end */
--------------------
find_library: checking for pthread_create() in -lpthread... -------------------- yes
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -IC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/include -IC:\sqlite/include -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby25-x64/lib -LC:\sqlite/lib -L. -pipe -s -LC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/lib -lsqlite3 -lx64-msvcrt-ruby250 -lpthread -lsqlite3 -lgmp -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
conftest.c: In function 't':
conftest.c:16:57: error: 'pthread_create' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'rb_thread_create'?
int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))pthread_create; return !p; }
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rb_thread_create
conftest.c:16:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5:
6: /*top*/
7: extern int t(void);
8: int main(int argc, char **argv)
9: {
10: if (argc > 1000000) {
11: printf("%p", &t);
12: }
13:
14: return 0;
15: }
16: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))pthread_create; return !p; }
/* end */
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -IC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/include -IC:\sqlite/include -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby25-x64/lib -LC:\sqlite/lib -L. -pipe -s -LC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/lib -lsqlite3 -lx64-msvcrt-ruby250 -lpthread -lsqlite3 -lgmp -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5:
6: /*top*/
7: extern int t(void);
8: int main(int argc, char **argv)
9: {
10: if (argc > 1000000) {
11: printf("%p", &t);
12: }
13:
14: return 0;
15: }
16: extern void pthread_create();
17: int t(void) { pthread_create(); return 0; }
/* end */
--------------------
have_library: checking for -ldl... -------------------- no
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -IC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/include -IC:\sqlite/include -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby25-x64/lib -LC:\sqlite/lib -L. -pipe -s -LC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/lib -lpthread -lsqlite3 -lx64-msvcrt-ruby250 -ldl -lpthread -lsqlite3 -lgmp -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
C:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.2.1/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -ldl
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5:
6: /*top*/
7: extern int t(void);
8: int main(int argc, char **argv)
9: {
10: if (argc > 1000000) {
11: printf("%p", &t);
12: }
13:
14: return 0;
15: }
16:
17: int t(void) { ; return 0; }
/* end */
--------------------
have_func: checking for dlopen()... -------------------- no
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -IC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/include -IC:\sqlite/include -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby25-x64/lib -LC:\sqlite/lib -L. -pipe -s -LC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/lib -lpthread -lsqlite3 -lx64-msvcrt-ruby250 -lpthread -lsqlite3 -lgmp -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
conftest.c: In function 't':
conftest.c:16:57: error: 'dlopen' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean '_lopen'?
int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))dlopen; return !p; }
^~~~~~
_lopen
conftest.c:16:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5:
6: /*top*/
7: extern int t(void);
8: int main(int argc, char **argv)
9: {
10: if (argc > 1000000) {
11: printf("%p", &t);
12: }
13:
14: return 0;
15: }
16: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))dlopen; return !p; }
/* end */
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby25-x64/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -IC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/include -IC:\sqlite/include -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby25-x64/lib -LC:\sqlite/lib -L. -pipe -s -LC:/Ruby25-x64/msys64/mingw64/lib -lpthread -lsqlite3 -lx64-msvcrt-ruby250 -lpthread -lsqlite3 -lgmp -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
C:\Users\Navarose\AppData\Local\Temp\ccNQH25m.o:conftest.c:(.text+0x5): undefined reference to `dlopen'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5:
6: /*top*/
7: extern int t(void);
8: int main(int argc, char **argv)
9: {
10: if (argc > 1000000) {
11: printf("%p", &t);
12: }
13:
14: return 0;
15: }
16: extern void dlopen();
17: int t(void) { dlopen(); return 0; }
/* end */
--------------------
作为最后的手段，我使用mingw64构建了SQlite。后来尝试安装gem。还有一个像shostopper这样的新错误
gem install sqlite3 --platform=ruby -- --with-sqlite3-include=C:\sqlite\ --with-sqlite3-lib=C:\sqlite\.libs\
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/bin/ruby.exe -r ./siteconf20190205-18436-ve1008.rb extconf.rb --with-sqlite3-include=C:\sqlite\ --with-sqlite3-lib=C:\sqlite\.libs\
checking for sqlite3.h... yes
checking for pthread_create() in -lpthread... no
checking for main() in -ldl... no
checking for dlopen()... no
missing function dlopen
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--with-sqlcipher
--without-sqlcipher
--with-sqlite3-config
--without-sqlite3-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-sqlcipher
--without-sqlcipher
--with-sqlite3-dir
--without-sqlite3-dir
--with-sqlite3-include=${sqlite3-dir}/include
--with-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib
--with-pthreadlib
--without-pthreadlib
--with-dllib
--without-dllib
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x86-mingw32/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.4.0/mkmf.log
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.0 for inspection.
Results logged to C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x86-mingw32/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.4.0/gem_make.out
在这里找到了一个非常巧妙的解决方案
https://github.com/sparklemotion/sqlite3-ruby/issues/248
它似乎只缺少msys2中的库。
ridk exec pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-dlfcn
之后，编译就可以了。
gem install sqlite3 -v 1.4.0
注意： - 在git分支上添加依赖项似乎并不理想。
指向sqlite3-ruby gem的分支并使用2018年最后更新的分支：
gem 'sqlite3', git: "https://github.com/larskanis/sqlite3-ruby", branch: "add-gemspec"
到你的Gemfile。到目前为止，它对我有用。祝好运！ :)
根据帖子中提到的描述，似乎sqlite未正确安装在您的计算机上，包括所需的所有标头。
运行以下提到的命令以正确安装它：
gem install sqlite3 --platform=ruby -- --with-sqlite3-dir=C:/path/to/sqlite3
其中C:/path/to/sqlite3是sqlite3的头文件（include）和libs（lib）所在的位置。
希望有所帮助。