索引连接查询的视图?

问题描述 投票:0回答:1

我有一个

SELECT
语句,它从更复杂的视图进行非常简单的查询:

我有一个相当直接的选择语句:

SELECT uid
FROM   userpermissions
WHERE  uid         = :whoami
AND    application = :application
AND    subsystem   = :subsystem
;

而我的观点只是 ints 和 varchars,而是四个表的连接(可能是真正的问题)。

                       View "public.userpermissions"
   Column    |          Type          | Modifiers | Storage  | Description
-------------+------------------------+-----------+----------+-------------
 uid         | integer                |           | plain    |
 gid         | integer                |           | plain    |
 sid         | integer                |           | plain    |
 name        | character varying(128) |           | extended |
 application | character varying(128) |           | extended |
 subsystem   | character varying(128) |           | extended |
View definition:
 SELECT users.uid, groups.gid, groupaccess.sid, groups.name, subsystems.application, subsystems.subsystem
   FROM users
   JOIN groups ON groups.gid = users.gid
   JOIN groupaccess ON groups.gid = groupaccess.gid
   JOIN subsystems ON subsystems.sid = groupaccess.sid;

我不确定如何更改视图以使我的查询更有效率,因为它们现在大约需要 1-4 秒,在某些情况下最多需要 8 秒。

我的另一个想法是使用内存缓存,但这感觉就像是解决视图效率低下问题的创可贴。

这是

EXPLAIN ANALYZE
的输出:

                                                        QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Nested Loop  (cost=1.18..4.54 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.043..0.043 rows=0 loops=1)
   Join Filter: (groups.gid = users.gid)
   ->  Nested Loop  (cost=1.18..3.34 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=0.040..0.040 rows=0 loops=1)
         ->  Hash Join  (cost=1.18..2.78 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.039..0.039 rows=0 loops=1)
               Hash Cond: (groupaccess.sid = subsystems.sid)
               ->  Seq Scan on groupaccess  (cost=0.00..1.43 rows=43 width=8) (actual time=0.014..0.014 rows=1 loops=1)
               ->  Hash  (cost=1.17..1.17 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.017..0.017 rows=0 loops=1)
                     Buckets: 1024  Batches: 1  Memory Usage: 0kB
                     ->  Seq Scan on subsystems  (cost=0.00..1.17 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.015..0.015 rows=0 loops=1)
                           Filter: (((application)::text = 'LoginLink'::text) AND ((subsystem)::text = '1'::text))
         ->  Index Scan using groups_pkey on groups  (cost=0.00..0.55 rows=1 width=4) (never executed)
               Index Cond: (gid = groupaccess.gid)
   ->  Seq Scan on users  (cost=0.00..1.19 rows=1 width=8) (never executed)
         Filter: (uid = 2)
 Total runtime: 0.192 ms
(15 rows)

这完全让我感到困惑,因为当我用 PHP 将它放入 PDO 时,查询需要几秒钟,而不是几分之一秒。

sql postgresql performance indexing postgresql-performance
1个回答
17
投票

视图对性能没有帮助。简化事情、授予特定权利等只是好事。但它对查询性能没有好处。

你可以尝试去掉中间人(视图)并使用这个查询:

SELECT u.uid
FROM   users u
JOIN   groupaccess g USING (gid)
JOIN   subsystems  s USING (sid)
WHERE  u.uid = :whoami
AND    s.application = :application
AND    s.subsystem   = :subsystem;

这也省去了另一个中间人,即桌子

groups
,在您的场景中根本不需要它。 (除非用户的连接行可能丢失,这应该是不可能的。)

为了性能,你必须使它成为一个物化视图,这是完全不同的野兽。
加上各个基础表(和/或物化视图)上的拟合索引。

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