上传前调整图像大小 - 将画布转换为文件对象

Question

这是我现在使用 HTML5 文件 API 上传多个图像的代码片段：

/**
 * @param {FileList} files
 */
upload: function(files){
    nfiles = files.length;

    for (var i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) {
        /** @var file File **/
        var file = files[i];

        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();

        xhr.open("POST", settings.post_upload, true);
        xhr.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
        xhr.upload.filenumb = i;
        xhr.filenumb = i;
        xhr.upload.filename = file.name;

        var nef = new FormData();
        nef.append("folder", settings.folder);
        nef.append("file_element", settings.file_elem);
        nef.append("udata", settings.user_data);
        nef.append(settings.file_elem, file);
        xhr.send(nef);

    }
}

我想在使用画布对象上传之前调整图像大小，但没有这方面的经验，我不确定如何使用技术更新代码，例如这里描述的一个：HTML5 Pre-resize images before upload

canvas.toDataURL("image/png");

 将返回一个编码字符串。但我需要发布 

File

 对象。 

编辑

如何为大多数现代浏览器编写（合理的）跨浏览器功能，以便在上传之前调整文件大小，以透明方式处理 jpg、png 和 gif：

/** 
 * @param {File} file 
 * @param int max_width
 * @param int max_height
 * @param float compression_ratio
 * @returns File
 */
function resize(file, max_width, max_height, compression_ratio){}

Answer 1

尝试这样的事情：

function resize(file, max_width, max_height, compression_ratio, imageEncoding){
    var fileLoader = new FileReader(),
    canvas = document.createElement('canvas'),
    context = null,
    imageObj = new Image(),
    blob = null;            

    //create a hidden canvas object we can use to create the new resized image data
    canvas.id     = "hiddenCanvas";
    canvas.width  = max_width;
    canvas.height = max_height;
    canvas.style.visibility   = "hidden";   
    document.body.appendChild(canvas);  

    //get the context to use 
    context = canvas.getContext('2d');  

    // check for an image then
    //trigger the file loader to get the data from the image         
    if (file.type.match('image.*')) {
        fileLoader.readAsDataURL(file);
    } else {
        alert('File is not an image');
    }

    // setup the file loader onload function
    // once the file loader has the data it passes it to the 
    // image object which, once the image has loaded, 
    // triggers the images onload function
    fileLoader.onload = function() {
        var data = this.result; 
        imageObj.src = data;
    };

    fileLoader.onabort = function() {
        alert("The upload was aborted.");
    };

    fileLoader.onerror = function() {
        alert("An error occured while reading the file.");
    };  


    // set up the images onload function which clears the hidden canvas context, 
    // draws the new image then gets the blob data from it
    imageObj.onload = function() {  

        // Check for empty images
        if(this.width == 0 || this.height == 0){
            alert('Image is empty');
        } else {                

            context.clearRect(0,0,max_width,max_height);
            context.drawImage(imageObj, 0, 0, this.width, this.height, 0, 0, max_width, max_height);


            //dataURItoBlob function available here:
            // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12168909/blob-from-dataurl
            // add ')' at the end of this function SO dont allow to update it without a 6 character edit
            blob = dataURItoBlob(canvas.toDataURL(imageEncoding));

            //pass this blob to your upload function
            upload(blob);
        }       
    };

    imageObj.onabort = function() {
        alert("Image load was aborted.");
    };

    imageObj.onerror = function() {
        alert("An error occured while loading image.");
    };

}

请注意：

使用文件加载器和加载图像意味着存在一些延迟，因此该函数是异步的，因此尝试简单地返回 blob 数据是行不通的。您需要等待加载发生，然后才能使用加载的数据并为每个文件触发对上传函数的调用。

文件加载器也可能存在一些浏览器兼容性问题，但我认为这在客户端以任何其他方式都是不可能的。

Answer 2

客户端图像调整大小

选项 1.使用 Pica 库 (

https://github.com/nodeca/pica)

选项 2.使用以下自定义脚本 (

http://jsfiddle.net/cL3hapL4/2/)

var file = document.getElementById('imageUpload');
var mime = "image/jpeg";
var max_width = 100;
var max_height = 100;
var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
var img = new Image();

img.onload = function () {

    // Clear canvas, and resize image
    ctx.clearRect(0, 0, max_width, max_height);
    ctx.drawImage(img,
        0, 0, img.width, img.height, // size of image
        0, 0, max_width, max_height // size of canvas
    );

    // Get image from canvas as a dataURI, and convert to a blob object
    var dataURI = canvas.toDataUrl(mime);
    // Note: This function can be replaced with canvas.toBlob(),
    // once supported by browsers.
    // ---
    var image_blob = (function () {

        var binary = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
        var array = [];
        for(var i = 0; i < binary.length; i++) {
            array.push(binary.charCodeAt(i));
        }
        return new Blob([new Uint8Array(array)], {type: mime});

    })();
    // ---

    // Attach blob-object (contains our image) to form object
    var form = new Form();
    form.append("image", image_blob);

    // Send AJAX request with multi-part data
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.open('POST', '/route', true);
    xhr.send(form);

    // jQuery version
    //$.ajax({
    //    type: "POST",
    //    url: "/route",
    //    data: form,
    //    processData: false,
    //    contentType: false
    //})
    //.done(function (response) {
    //    console.log(response);
    //});

};
img.src = URL.createObjectURL(file);

Answer 3

您可以在

toBlob

 元素上调用 

<canvas>

。这将返回一个 

Blob

，它是 

File

 的父接口。然后您可以通过 XHR2 将此对象发送到您的服务器。

Answer 4

我为此发布了一个开源模块，这将任务减少到：

let file = input.files[i];

// Limit the maximum size
file = await scale(file, {
  maxWidth: 1600,
  maxHeight: 1600
});

其他都不需要改变。您还可以重新映射内容类型，并在无法正常工作时启用后备上传原始内容，尽管在 2023 年拥有制造商支持的所有浏览器中的支持都很强大。

您可以在这里找到@apostrophecms/scale

模块。