访问冲突读取位置/堆已损坏 C++

Question

我正在尝试使用 SFML 在 C++ 中从 Perlin Noise 程序创建地图。当我运行/调试我的代码时，我遇到了几个不同的错误之一，最常见的是访问冲突读取位置。另外诸如heap has been corrupted也经常发生。我不明白到底发生了什么，但我想我有一个想法，我正在尝试越界访问/更改数组，因此“堆已损坏”（据我了解）。我相信错误发生在第 180 行（检查我上传的图片）。顺便说一句，我对 C++ 比较陌生。

#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
#include "PerlinNoise.h"

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 1920
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 1080

using namespace sf;

float xRO, yRO, xTO, yTO, x, y;

double speed = .03;
float speed1 = 4;
int buffer = 10;
float tileSize = 16;

int w, h;

int diff = rand();
sf::Uint8* pixels = new sf::Uint8[SCREEN_WIDTH * SCREEN_HEIGHT * 4];
PerlinNoise color;

int getTile(int x, int y)
{
    float v = color.noise((xTO + x) * speed + diff, (yTO + y) * speed + diff, 1);
    if (v < .5) {
        //water
        return 0;
    }
    else if (v < .6) {
        //sand
        return 1;
    }
    else if (v < .8) {
        //grass
        return 2;
    }
    else {
        //forest or something
        return 3;
    }
}

int main()
{
    int* tiles; 
    int screenWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH;
    int screenHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT;
    sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(screenWidth, screenHeight), "program");

    sf::View view;
    view.setSize(screenWidth, screenHeight);
    view.setCenter(window.getSize().x / 2.f, window.getSize().y / 2.f);

    sf::Clock clock;
    float dt;

    double z = 0.5;
    double val = 0;

    RectangleShape shape;
    shape.setFillColor(Color::Green);
    shape.setSize(Vector2f(tileSize, tileSize));

    Image image;
    Texture texture;
    Sprite sprite;

    image.create(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, pixels);
    texture.setSmooth(false);
    texture.create(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT);
    texture.loadFromImage(image);
    sprite.setScale(Vector2f(1, 1));
    sprite.setTexture(texture);

    Texture grass;
    if (!grass.loadFromFile("grass.png")) {
        window.close();
        std::cout << "error loading grass.png" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    
    Texture water;
    if (!water.loadFromFile("water.png")) {
        window.close();
        std::cout << "error loading water.png" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    Texture sand;
    if (!sand.loadFromFile("sand.png")) {
        window.close();
        std::cout << "error loading sand.png" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    Texture forest;
    if (!forest.loadFromFile("forest.png")) {
        window.close();
        std::cout << "error loading forest.png" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    Texture _texture[4];
    _texture[0] = water;
    _texture[1] = sand;
    _texture[2] = grass;
    _texture[3] = forest;

    Sprite sprites[4];
    sprites[0].setTexture(water);
    sprites[1].setTexture(sand);
    sprites[2].setTexture(grass);
    sprites[3].setTexture(forest);

    w = SCREEN_WIDTH / tileSize + buffer;
    h = SCREEN_HEIGHT / tileSize + buffer;

    Font font;
    if (!font.loadFromFile("OpenSans.ttf")) {
        window.close();
        std::cout << "error loading opensans.ttf" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    tiles = new int[w * h];

    while (window.isOpen())
    {
        dt = clock.restart().asSeconds();

        sf::Event event;
        while (window.pollEvent(event))
        {
            if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) window.close();

            if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Escape)) window.close();
            if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::W))
            {
                y -= speed1;
            }
            if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::S))
            {
                y += speed1;
            }
            if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::A))
            {
                x -= speed1;
            }
            if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::D))
            {
                x += speed1;
            }
            if (Keyboard::isKeyPressed(Keyboard::Space)) diff = rand();
            if (Keyboard::isKeyPressed(Keyboard::LShift)) speed1 = 8;
            else if (!Keyboard::isKeyPressed(Keyboard::LShift)) speed1 = 4;
        }
        

        //render
        window.clear();
        xRO = int(x) % (int)tileSize;
        yRO = int(y) % (int)tileSize;
        xTO = int(x / tileSize);
        yTO = int(y / tileSize);

        for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
                tiles[y + x * w] = getTile(x, y);
            }
        }
        for (int y = 0; y < h; y++)
        {
            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++)
            {

                sprites[0].setPosition((x - buffer / 2) * tileSize - xRO, (y - buffer / 2) * tileSize - yRO);
                sprites[1].setPosition((x - buffer / 2) * tileSize - xRO, (y - buffer / 2) * tileSize - yRO);
                sprites[2].setPosition((x - buffer / 2) * tileSize - xRO, (y - buffer / 2) * tileSize - yRO);
                sprites[3].setPosition((x - buffer / 2) * tileSize - xRO, (y - buffer / 2) * tileSize - yRO);
                window.draw(sprites[tiles[y + x * w]]);
            }
        }

        //draw
        window.setView(window.getDefaultView());


        //draw ui
        Text coords;
        coords.setFont(font);
        std::string tempx = std::to_string(int(x/16));
        std::string tempy = std::to_string(int(y/16));
        coords.setString("X, Y: " + tempx + ", " + tempy);
        window.draw(coords);

        window.display();
    }

    delete[] pixels;
    delete[] tiles;

    return 0;
}

代码比较乱，见谅。 我将不胜感激任何帮助！

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我已经尝试了我所知道的一切，我什至向 ChatGPT 寻求帮助，但没有真正得到任何有用的东西，我猜它可能没有接受过太多 C++ 培训。老实说，我不知道如何解决这个问题，我尝试过更改值、检查图像是否已损坏等等。我真的没想到能解决它，因为我对调试C++一无所知，所以我没有解决它。