如何使用 Maven 运行并行 Cucumber Spring Boot 集成测试（surefire 或 failuresafe）？

问题描述 投票：0回答：2

大家好，
我从今年一月开始就在开发 Cucumber 测试，现在我面临着在 Spring Boot 环境中与 maven（surefire 以及failsafe）并行运行 cucumber 集成测试的问题。

简而言之：
我想在运行 Spring Boot 应用程序的同时运行 Cucumber 集成测试。 我使用 Maven 并激活 Surefire 或 Failsafe 插件。 当我注释掉代码中的每个 Spring Boot 组件时，一切正常。 然后我有与功能文件一样多的线程，并且它们并行运行。 但是当我添加我需要的 Spring Boot 组件时，测试会串行运行。

我在pom.xml中的依赖项：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
        <version>${cucumber.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-java8</artifactId>
        <version>${cucumber.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
        <version>${cucumber.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-spring</artifactId>
        <version>${cucumber.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.10</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.30</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.200</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

我的pom.xml中的插件：

<plugins>
    <!-- Maven Compiler -->
    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <configuration>
            <source>8</source>
            <target>8</target>
        </configuration>
    </plugin>
    <!-- Option 1 to run cucumber tests in parallel: Surefire -->
    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.22.0</version>
        <configuration>
            <parallel>methods</parallel>
            <useUnlimitedThreads>true</useUnlimitedThreads>
        </configuration>
    </plugin>
    <!-- Option 2 to run cucumber tests in parallel: Failsafe -->
    <!--<plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0-M4</version>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <goals>
                    <goal>integration-test</goal>
                    <goal>verify</goal>
                </goals>
                <configuration>
                    <parallel>methods</parallel>
                    <threadCount>5</threadCount>
                    <useUnlimitedThreads>false</useUnlimitedThreads>
                    &lt;!&ndash; important for the right execution &ndash;&gt;
                    <perCoreThreadCount>true</perCoreThreadCount>
                </configuration>
            </execution>
        </executions>
    </plugin>-->
</plugins>

我的Java课程：

  • RunCucumberIT.java --> 带有故障保护的执行
  • RunCucumberTest.java --> 与 RunCucumberIT.java 相同的代码，使用 Surefire 执行的其他名称
  • StepDefinitions.java
  • 测试应用程序.java
  • CucumberSpringContextConfiguration.java

Java代码：

RunCucumberIT.java 和 RunCucumberTest.java

package parallel;
import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber;
import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
/**
 * Class to run the cucumber tests with Surefire.
 */
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(plugin = { }, strict = true, snippets = CucumberOptions.SnippetType.CAMELCASE,
        features = "src/test/java/parallel", stepNotifications = true)
public class RunCucumberTest {
}

StepDefinitions.java

package parallel;
import io.cucumber.java8.En;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class StepDefinitions implements En {
    public StepDefinitions() {
        Given("Step from {string} in {string} feature file", this::printThreads);
    }
    private void printThreads(final String scenario, final String file) throws InterruptedException {
        log.info(" Thread ID - {} - {} from {} feature file.", Thread.currentThread().getId(), scenario, file);
        Thread.sleep(5000L);
    }
}

TestApplication.java

package parallel;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {
    public static void main(final String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
    }
}

CucumberSpringContextConfiguration.java

package parallel;
import io.cucumber.java.Before;
import io.cucumber.spring.CucumberContextConfiguration;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
/**
 * Class to use spring application context while running cucumber.
 */
@Slf4j
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = TestApplication.class, loader = SpringBootContextLoader.class)
@CucumberContextConfiguration
public class CucumberSpringContextConfiguration {
    /**
     * Need this method so the cucumber will recognize this class as glue and load spring context configuration.
     */
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        log.info("Spring Context initialized for executing cucumber tests.");
    }
}

我的小黄瓜代码：

场景大纲.功能

Feature: Scenario Outlines feature file
  Scenario Outline: <scen_out_row_num>
    Given Step from '<scen_out_row_num>' in 'scenario-outlines' feature file
    Examples:
      | scen_out_row_num       |
      | Scenario Outline Row 1 |
      | Scenario Outline Row 2 |

场景-0.feature

Feature: Scenarios feature file
  Scenario: Scenario Number One -
    Given Step from 'Scenario 1' in 'scenarios-0' feature file
  Scenario: Scenario Number Two -
    Given Step from 'Scenario 2' in 'scenarios-0' feature file

场景-1.功能

Feature: Scenarios feature file
  Scenario: Scenario Number One a
    Given Step from 'Scenario 1' in 'scenarios-1' feature file
  Scenario: Scenario Number Two a
    Given Step from 'Scenario 2' in 'scenarios-1' feature file

场景-2.功能

Feature: Scenarios feature file
  Scenario: Scenario Number One b
    Given Step from 'Scenario 1' in 'scenarios-2' feature file
  Scenario: Scenario Number Two b
    Given Step from 'Scenario 2' in 'scenarios-2' feature file

场景-3.功能

Feature: Scenarios feature file
  Scenario: Scenario Number One c
    Given Step from 'Scenario 1' in 'scenarios-3' feature file
  Scenario: Scenario Number Two c
    Given Step from 'Scenario 2' in 'scenarios-3' feature file

预期行为：
每个功能文件一个线程并并行执行集成测试。 像这样的一些输出（这是我注释掉所有 Spring Boot 内容时的输出）：

[INFO] --- maven-failsafe-plugin:3.0.0-M4:integration-test (default) @ cucumber-test ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running Scenario Number One b
[pool-1-thread-4] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 17 - Scenario 1 from scenarios-2 feature file.
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.338 s - in Scenario Number One b
[INFO] Running Scenario Number One a
[pool-1-thread-3] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 16 - Scenario 1 from scenarios-1 feature file.
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.353 s - in Scenario Number One a
[INFO] Running Scenario Outline Row 1
[pool-1-thread-1] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 14 - Scenario Outline Row 1 from scenario-outlines feature file.
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.363 s - in Scenario Outline Row 1
[INFO] Running Scenario Number One c
[pool-1-thread-5] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 18 - Scenario 1 from scenarios-3 feature file.
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.371 s - in Scenario Number One c
[INFO] Running Scenario Number One -
[pool-1-thread-2] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 15 - Scenario 1 from scenarios-0 feature file.
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.378 s - in Scenario Number One -
[INFO] Running Scenario Outline Row 2
[pool-1-thread-1] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 14 - Scenario Outline Row 2 from scenario-outlines feature file.
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.003 s - in Scenario Outline Row 2
[INFO] Running Scenario Number Two a
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.011 s - in Scenario Number Two a
[INFO] Running Scenario Number Two c
[pool-1-thread-3] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 16 - Scenario 2 from scenarios-1 feature file.
[pool-1-thread-5] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 18 - Scenario 2 from scenarios-3 feature file.
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.017 s - in Scenario Number Two c
[INFO] Running Scenario Number Two b
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.027 s - in Scenario Number Two b
[INFO] Running Scenario Number Two -
[pool-1-thread-4] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 17 - Scenario 2 from scenarios-2 feature file.
[pool-1-thread-2] INFO parallel.StepDefinitions -  Thread ID - 15 - Scenario 2 from scenarios-0 feature file.
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 5.043 s - in Scenario Number Two -


10
 Scenarios (
10 passed
)


10
 Steps (
10 passed
)


0m
10,486s

实际行为：
仅使用一个线程，所有测试都串行运行。 输出：

[INFO] --- maven-failsafe-plugin:3.0.0-M4:integration-test (default) @ cucumber-test ---
...    
  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.2.4.RELEASE)
...
Thread ID - 1 - Scenario Outline Row 1 from scenario-outlines feature file.
2020-06-10 12:04:02.519  INFO 13028 --- [           main] o.s.t.c.support.AbstractContextLoader    : Could not detect default resource locations for test class [parallel.CucumberSpringContextConfiguration]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}.
...
2020-06-10 12:04:02.544  INFO 13028 --- [           main] parallel.StepDefinitions                 : 
... 
Thread ID - 1 - Scenario Outline Row 2 from scenario-outlines feature file.
2020-06-10 12:04:07.550  INFO 13028 --- [           main] o.s.t.c.support.AbstractContextLoader    : Could not detect default resource locations for test class [parallel.CucumberSpringContextConfiguration]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}.
Thread ID - 1 - Scenario 1 from scenarios-0 feature file.
...
Thread ID - 1 - Scenario 2 from scenarios-0 feature file.
...
[INFO] 
[INFO] Results:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Tests run: 10, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

我希望这个问题是可以理解的，有人可以帮助我！

提前致谢，
马克西摩托斯

java cucumber maven-surefire-plugin maven-failsafe-plugin cucumber-spring
2个回答
2
投票

要并行运行 Cucumber 测试，您必须在 pom.xml 中添加 

juni-jupiter
和 
junit-vintage
的排除项。这对我来说是这样的：

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
0
投票

我对 

cucumber-java
、
cucumber-junit-platform-engine
 和 
cucumber-spring
 的设置只是不会并行执行测试，尽管设置了 必需的配置属性，即 
cucumber.execution.parallel.enabled=true
。

cucumber-spring
文档的以下部分也让我研究了 JUnit 并行执行配置：

Cucumber Spring内部使用Spring的TestContextManager框架。结果，单个 Cucumber 场景的行为大多类似于 JUnit 测试。

所以，作为黄瓜 Spring 测试的行为大多类似于标准 JUnit 测试，我们需要结合 JUnit 和 Cucumber 的并行执行功能。我最终如何让它工作的 Maven 配置示例：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.2</version>
    <configuration>
        <properties>
            <configurationParameters>
                <!-- ... Standard Cucumber Config ... -->
                junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled=true
                cucumber.execution.parallel.enabled=true
                <!-- ... More Parallel Execution Cucumber Config ... -->
            </configurationParameters>
        </properties>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
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