使用CSS轻松地将不同的动画应用于特定的div，如果不可能的话，可以使用JS？

Question

假设您在一个页面上有100个按钮，每个按钮应将不同的动画应用于一个特定的HTML元素。有没有一种方法可以使用CSS轻松为另一个元素定义动画，如果没有，则可以通过JavaScript进行设置？

例如，

#group1 {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

#group2 {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: gray;
  animation: animation1 1s ease-out;
}

@keyframes animation1 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes animation2 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: red;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: blue;
  }
}

@keyframes animation3 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: purple;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: orange;
  }
}

<div id="group1">
  <button>Animation 1</button>
  <button>Animation 2</button>
  <button>Animation 3</button>
</div>

<div id="group2">

</div>

当按下按钮时，我希望元素使用与其相关的过渡。

您可以为CSS中的另一个元素定义过渡吗？

#group2 {
   width:100px;
   height:100px;
   background-color: gray;
}

#button2 {
    animation-target: #group2 animation2 1s ease-out;
}

或

@keyframes #Group2 animation3 {

  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: purple;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: orange;
  }

如果CSS无法处理此问题，通过JavaScript进行设置是否看起来不错：

function changeAnimation(event) {
  var target = event.currentTarget;
  var animation = getComputedStyle(target).getPropertyValue("--animation");
  var group2 = document.getElementById("group2");
  group2.style.setProperty("animation", animation);
  console.log("animation:" + animation);
}

function hide() {
  var group2 = document.getElementById("group2");
  group2.style.setProperty("display", "none");
}

function show() {
  var group2 = document.getElementById("group2");
  group2.style.setProperty("display", "block");
}

#group1 {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

#group2 {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: gray;
  animation: animation1 1s ease-out;
}

#button1 {
  --animation: animation1 1s ease-out;
}

#button2 {
  --animation: animation2 1s ease-out;
}

#button3 {
  --animation: animation3 1s ease-out;
}

@keyframes animation1 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes animation2 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: red;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: blue;
  }
}

@keyframes animation3 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: purple;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: orange;
  }
}

<div id="group1">
  <button id="button1" onclick="changeAnimation(event)">Animation 1</button>
  <button id="button2" onclick="changeAnimation(event)">Animation 2</button>
  <button id="button3" onclick="changeAnimation(event)">Animation 3</button>
  <button id="hide" onclick="hide()">Hide</button>
  <button id="hide" onclick="show()">Show</button>
</div>

<div id="group2">

</div>

Answer 1

如果可以自由编辑HTML代码，请考虑结合使用~选择器的标签/输入技巧

#group1 {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

#group2 {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: gray;
  animation:none  1s ease-out
}
#anim1:checked ~ #group2  {
  animation-name: animation1;
}
#anim2:checked ~ #group2  {
  animation-name: animation2;
}
#anim3:checked ~ #group2  {
  animation-name: animation3;
}

label {
 -webkit-appearance:button;
 -moz-appearance:button;
 padding:5px;
}
input{
 display:none;
}

@keyframes animation1 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes animation2 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: red;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: blue;
  }
}

@keyframes animation3 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: purple;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: orange;
  }
}

<div id="group1">
  <label for="anim1" >Animation 1</label>
  <label for="anim2" >Animation 2</label>
  <label for="anim3" >Animation 3</label>
</div>
<input id="anim1" type="radio" name="anim">
<input id="anim2" type="radio" name="anim">
<input id="anim3" type="radio" name="anim">
<div id="group2">

</div>

Answer 2

您可以使用CSS varibales设置animation属性并使用setProperty()

var group2 = document.getElementById('group2');

function changeAnimation(e) {
  group2.style.setProperty('--anim', `animation${e.id}`);
}

:root {
  --anim: animation1;
}

#group1 {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

#group2 {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: gray;
  animation: var(--anim) 1s ease-out;
}

@keyframes animation1 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes animation2 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: red;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: blue;
  }
}

@keyframes animation3 {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: purple;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: orange;
  }
}

<div id="group1">
  <button id="1" onclick="changeAnimation(this)">Animation 1</button>
  <button id="2" onclick="changeAnimation(this)">Animation 2</button>
  <button id="3" onclick="changeAnimation(this)">Animation 3</button>
</div>

<div id="group2">

</div>