CustomerUserModel和manytomanyfeilds。

Question

我目前有一个下面的自定义用户，它有一个一对一的模型，模型叫客户。

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, email, password=None,is_active=True, is_staff=False, is_admin=False):
        if not email:
            raise ValueError("Users must have email address")
        user_obj = self.model(email = self.normalize_email(email))
        if not password:
            raise ValueError("Users must have a password")

        user_obj.set_password(password)
        user_obj.staff = is_staff
        user_obj.admin = is_admin
        user_obj.active = is_active
        user_obj.save(using=self._db)

        return user_obj

    def create_staffuser(self,email,password=None):
        user = self.create_user(email, password=password,is_staff=True)

        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password=None):
        user = self.create_user(email, password=password, is_staff=True, is_admin=True)

        return user



class User(AbstractBaseUser):

    email = models.EmailField(max_length=255,unique=True)
    active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)


    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    # email and password are required by default
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    objects = UserManager()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.email

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.email

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        return True

    @property
    def is_staff(self):
        return self.staff

    @property
    def is_admin(self):
        return self.admin

    @property
    def is_active(self):
        return self.active


class Customer(models.Model):

    GENDER = (
            ('Male', 'Male'),
            ('Female', 'Female'),
            )

    TITLE = (
            ('Mr', 'Mr'),
            ('Mrs', 'Mrs'),
            ('Miss', 'Miss'),
            ('Ms', 'Ms'),
            ('Dr', 'Dr'),
            ('Sir', 'Sir'),
            ('Madam', 'Madam'),
            )



    user = models.OneToOneField(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, choices=TITLE)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True)
    middle_name = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True,default='')
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True)
    country = CountryField()
    birth_year = models.CharField(max_length=4, null=True)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, choices=GENDER)
    date_created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True)
    profile_pic = models.ImageField(null=True, blank=True)
    last_purchase = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.first_name

然而我的问题是当我需要和另一个模型做多对多的字段时，比如如下图所示。

class Order(models.Model):

    STATUS = (
            ('Pending', 'Pending'),
            ('Out for delivery', 'Out for delivery'),
            ('Delivered', 'Delivered'),
            )

    customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, null=True, on_delete = models.SET_NULL)
    product = models.ForeignKey(Product, null=True, on_delete = models.SET_NULL)
    date_created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)
    status = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, choices=STATUS)
    note = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True)
    b_address1 = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True)
    b_address2 = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True, blank=True, default='')
    b_city = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True)
    b_county = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True)
    b_post_code = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.product.name

如图所示的订单模型，当需要做多对多字段时，是将外键作为用户模型还是客户模型好呢？

Answer 1

我相信使用外键是最好的方法，因为每个订单都会有唯一的记录。一个客户可以创建很多订单(一对多)(外键).但一个独特的订单不会有很多客户(多对多)，它只有一个客户。