最近,我再次开始编程C ++。我想学习如何正确使用Cmake,并且从现在开始也开始为我的爱好项目编写适当的测试。
我基本上只是想将GTest集成到我的项目中。我设置了一个TestProject目录并执行以下操作:
googletest/build/lib
目录复制到TestProject/
googletest/include
目录复制到TestProject/
现在当我尝试使用cmake时,在链接时出现以下错误:
/usr/bin/ld: ./libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o): in function `testing::internal::ThreadLocal<testing::TestPartResultReporterInterface*>::~ThreadLocal()':
gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEED2Ev[_ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEED5Ev]+0x24): undefined reference to `pthread_getspecific'
/usr/bin/ld: gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEED2Ev[_ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEED5Ev]+0x39): undefined reference to `pthread_key_delete'
/usr/bin/ld: ./libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o): in function `testing::internal::ThreadLocal<std::vector<testing::internal::TraceInfo, std::allocator<testing::internal::TraceInfo> > >::~ThreadLocal()':
gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEED2Ev[_ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEED5Ev]+0x24): undefined reference to `pthread_getspecific'
/usr/bin/ld: gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEED2Ev[_ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEED5Ev]+0x39): undefined reference to `pthread_key_delete'
/usr/bin/ld: ./libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o): in function `testing::internal::ThreadLocal<std::vector<testing::internal::TraceInfo, std::allocator<testing::internal::TraceInfo> > >::GetOrCreateValue() const':
gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZNK7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEE16GetOrCreateValueEv[_ZNK7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEE16GetOrCreateValueEv]+0x25): undefined reference to `pthread_getspecific'
/usr/bin/ld: gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZNK7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEE16GetOrCreateValueEv[_ZNK7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEE16GetOrCreateValueEv]+0x88): undefined reference to `pthread_setspecific'
/usr/bin/ld: ./libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o): in function `testing::internal::ThreadLocal<testing::TestPartResultReporterInterface*>::CreateKey()':
gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEE9CreateKeyEv[_ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEE9CreateKeyEv]+0x27): undefined reference to `pthread_key_create'
/usr/bin/ld: ./libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o): in function `testing::internal::ThreadLocal<std::vector<testing::internal::TraceInfo, std::allocator<testing::internal::TraceInfo> > >::CreateKey()':
gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEE9CreateKeyEv[_ZN7testing8internal11ThreadLocalISt6vectorINS0_9TraceInfoESaIS3_EEE9CreateKeyEv]+0x27): undefined reference to `pthread_key_create'
/usr/bin/ld: ./libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o): in function `testing::internal::ThreadLocal<testing::TestPartResultReporterInterface*>::GetOrCreateValue() const':
gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZNK7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEE16GetOrCreateValueEv[_ZNK7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEE16GetOrCreateValueEv]+0x25): undefined reference to `pthread_getspecific'
/usr/bin/ld: gtest-all.cc:(.text._ZNK7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEE16GetOrCreateValueEv[_ZNK7testing8internal11ThreadLocalIPNS_31TestPartResultReporterInterfaceEE16GetOrCreateValueEv]+0x88): undefined reference to `pthread_setspecific'
我的项目目录中的文件是:
TestProject/CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(TestGoogleTest)
set(ROOT_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}")
set(SRC "${ROOT_DIR}/src")
set(LIB "${ROOT_DIR}/lib")
set(INCLUDE "${ROOT_DIR}/include")
link_directories("${LIB}")
include_directories("${INCLUDE}")
message("INCLUDE PATH: ${INCLUDE}")
set(SOURCES "${SRC}/main.cpp" "${INCLUDE}/gtest/gtest.h")
add_executable(main "${SOURCES}")
target_link_libraries(main libgtest.a)
TestProject/src/main.cpp
:
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
std::cout << "Hello world!" << std::endl;
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
如果我使用命令用系统gtest手动编译它,它将很好地工作
g++ src/main.cpp -o main -lgtest
我很高兴了解导致问题的原因:)
g ++ -o main -lgtest src / main.cpp“ libname” .a
在您的CMakeLists.txt
中
c++11
的标志pthread
库,因此GoogleTest找不到与此相关的定义尽管有一些更好的方法可以实现相同的目的,但我将坚持您为应用程序所遵循的构建策略。
我假设以下目录结构
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── include
│ └── gtest
│ ├── gtest-death-test.h
│ ├── gtest.h
│ ├── gtest-matchers.h
│ ├── gtest-message.h
│ ├── gtest-param-test.h
│ ├── gtest_pred_impl.h
│ ├── gtest-printers.h
│ ├── gtest_prod.h
│ ├── gtest-spi.h
│ ├── gtest-test-part.h
│ ├── gtest-typed-test.h
│ └── internal
│ ├── custom
│ │ ├── gtest.h
│ │ ├── gtest-port.h
│ │ ├── gtest-printers.h
│ │ └── README.md
│ ├── gtest-death-test-internal.h
│ ├── gtest-filepath.h
│ ├── gtest-internal.h
│ ├── gtest-param-util.h
│ ├── gtest-port-arch.h
│ ├── gtest-port.h
│ ├── gtest-string.h
│ └── gtest-type-util.h
├── libs
│ ├── libgmock.a
│ ├── libgmock_main.a
│ ├── libgtest.a
│ └── libgtest_main.a
├── main
└── src
└── main.cpp
然后我直接从外壳程序键入以下行来调用g++
(试图模仿您的调用策略)
g++ src/main.cpp --std=c++11 -o main -Iinclude -Llib -lgtest -pthread
标志的含义
c++11
的编译器,因此我们需要--std=c++11
标志-Iinclude
必须使用include
下的标头,而不指定include
目录名-Llib
指定gtest
库所在的路径pthread
使用GoogleTest是必需的,尽管可以构建GoogleTest使其可以单线程方式使用它可以正常工作而不会引起任何问题
然后我模仿了您的CMakeLists.txt
,并添加了以下突出显示的一些内容(没有任何问题)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(TestGoogleTest)
# added the line below to find libraries for threading
find_package(Threads)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(ROOT_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}")
set(SRC "${ROOT_DIR}/src")
set(LIB "${ROOT_DIR}/lib")
# added the line below to enable c++11 features
set(INCLUDE "${ROOT_DIR}/include")
link_directories("${LIB}")
include_directories("${INCLUDE}")
message("INCLUDE PATH: ${INCLUDE}")
set(SOURCES "${SRC}/main.cpp" "${INCLUDE}/gtest/gtest.h")
add_executable(main "${SOURCES}")
# modified the line below to express link dependency on gtest and thread libraries
# lib prefix can be omitted here
target_link_libraries(main gtest ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})