我在 Windows Server 和 Mac OS 上使用 Tomcat 8 或 9 成功部署了 ROOT.war。但是当我在 Ubuntu VPS 上部署它时，我收到以下错误：
17-May-2023 23:28:21.127 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.42
17-May-2023 23:28:21.129 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Jun 4 2019 20:29:04 UTC
17-May-2023 23:28:21.129 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number: 8.5.42.0
17-May-2023 23:28:21.130 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
17-May-2023 23:28:21.130 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 5.15.0-71-generic
17-May-2023 23:28:21.130 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
17-May-2023 23:28:21.131 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre
17-May-2023 23:28:21.131 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_362-8u372-ga~us1-0ubuntu1~22.04-b09
17-May-2023 23:28:21.131 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Private Build
17-May-2023 23:28:21.132 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA
17-May-2023 23:28:21.132 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA
17-May-2023 23:28:21.132 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/conf/logging.properties
17-May-2023 23:28:21.132 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
17-May-2023 23:28:21.132 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
17-May-2023 23:28:21.132 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
17-May-2023 23:28:21.133 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
17-May-2023 23:28:21.133 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
17-May-2023 23:28:21.133 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA
17-May-2023 23:28:21.133 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA
17-May-2023 23:28:21.133 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/temp
17-May-2023 23:28:21.133 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/jni:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/jni:/lib:/usr/lib]
17-May-2023 23:28:21.242 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-0.0.0.0-1567"]
17-May-2023 23:28:21.256 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
17-May-2023 23:28:21.271 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 833 ms
17-May-2023 23:28:21.322 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
17-May-2023 23:28:21.322 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.42
17-May-2023 23:28:21.357 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deploying web application archive [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/ROOT.war]
17-May-2023 23:28:25.022 SEVERE [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal ContainerBase.addChild: start:
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:754)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:730)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:744)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:980)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1851)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/tiles/startup/TilesInitializer
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredFields(Class.java:2583)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields(Class.java:1916)
at org.apache.catalina.util.Introspection.getDeclaredFields(Introspection.java:110)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadFieldsAnnotation(WebAnnotationSet.java:269)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadApplicationListenerAnnotations(WebAnnotationSet.java:89)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadApplicationAnnotations(WebAnnotationSet.java:67)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.applicationAnnotationsConfig(ContextConfig.java:328)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:772)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:299)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:94)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5134)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
... 10 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.tiles.startup.TilesInitializer
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1364)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1185)
... 23 more
17-May-2023 23:28:25.024 SEVERE [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Error deploying web application archive [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/ROOT.war]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:758)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:730)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:744)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:980)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1851)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
17-May-2023 23:28:25.026 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deployment of web application archive [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/ROOT.war] has finished in [3,668] ms
17-May-2023 23:28:25.027 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/docs]
17-May-2023 23:28:25.147 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
17-May-2023 23:28:25.175 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/docs] has finished in [148] ms
17-May-2023 23:28:25.176 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/host-manager]
17-May-2023 23:28:25.262 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
17-May-2023 23:28:25.267 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/host-manager] has finished in [90] ms
17-May-2023 23:28:25.267 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/examples]
17-May-2023 23:28:25.476 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
17-May-2023 23:28:25.490 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/examples] has finished in [223] ms
17-May-2023 23:28:25.491 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/manager]
17-May-2023 23:28:25.571 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
17-May-2023 23:28:25.573 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/home/uniciadmin/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42LOGASIA/webapps/manager] has finished in [82] ms
17-May-2023 23:28:25.588 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-0.0.0.0-1567"]
17-May-2023 23:28:25.616 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 4344 ms
17-May-2023 23:28:44.267 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.await A valid shutdown command was received via the shutdown port. Stopping the Server instance.
17-May-2023 23:28:44.268 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.pause Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-0.0.0.0-1567"]
17-May-2023 23:28:44.274 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stopInternal Stopping service [Catalina]
17-May-2023 23:28:44.352 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.stop Stopping ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-0.0.0.0-1567"]
17-May-2023 23:28:44.365 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-0.0.0.0-1567"]
17-May-2023 23:28:44.367 WARNING [main] org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl.cleanUp Failed to retrieve JNDI naming context for container [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]] so no cleanup was performed for that container
javax.naming.NamingException: No naming context bound to this class loader
at org.apache.naming.ContextBindings.getClassLoader(ContextBindings.java:268)
at org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl.cleanUp(NamingResourcesImpl.java:1019)
at org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl.stopInternal(NamingResourcesImpl.java:1002)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:226)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5488)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:226)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:264)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.removeChild(ContainerBase.java:856)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.destroyInternal(ContainerBase.java:1042)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:296)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.removeChild(ContainerBase.java:856)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.destroyInternal(ContainerBase.java:1042)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:296)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.destroyInternal(StandardService.java:588)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:296)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.destroyInternal(StandardServer.java:883)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:296)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.stop(Catalina.java:762)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:723)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:353)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:493)
请帮助我，谢谢。