如何为WTForms SelectField设置默认值?

问题描述 投票:37回答:7

当尝试使用WTForms设置SelectField的默认值时,我将值传递给'default'参数,就像这样。

class TestForm(Form):
  test_field = SelectField("Test: ", choices=[(1, "Abc"), (2, "Def")], default=2)

我也试过以下。

class TestForm(Form):
  test_field = SelectField("Test: ", choices=[(1, "Abc"), (2, "Def")], default=(2, "Def"))

既不将默认的选定字段设置为“Def”。这适用于其他类型的字段,如TextField。如何设置SelectField的默认值?'

python flask wtforms
7个回答
26
投票

你发布的第一种方式是正确的,它对我有用。它不起作用的唯一解释是你运行的是旧版本的WTForms,它在1.0.1上适用于我


34
投票

我相信这个问题是由Fielddata属性覆盖default引起的,因为WTForms不理解(例如DB模型对象 - 它期望int)。如果你在构造函数中填充了表单,就会发生这种情况:

form = PostForm(obj=post)

解决方案是在填充表单后手动设置data属性:

form = PostForm(obj=post)
form.category.data = (post.category.id
                      if page.category
                      else 0) # I make 0 my default

14
投票

有几种方法可以做到这一点。您的第一个代码段确实是正确的。

如果您想在动态视图中执行此操作,您还可以执行以下操作:

form = TestForm()
form.test_field.default = some_default_id
form.process()

12
投票

Flask-WTF 0.14.2用户在这里。所以这个答案适用于任何与我有类似问题的人。

基本上,以前的解决方案都没有与form.validate_on_submit()正常运行。

设置form.test_field.data确实会在加载页面时更改默认值,但在validate_on_submit之后数据保持不变(用户在浏览器中更改无效)。

设置form.test_field.default然后调用form.process()也会在页面加载时更改值,但validate_on_submit将失败。

这是实现它的新方法:

class TestForm(Form):
    test_field = SelectField("Test", choices=[(0, "test0"), (1, "test1")])

@app.route("/test")
def view_function():
    form = TestForm(test_field=1)
    if form.validate_on_submit():
    ...

6
投票

当你使用choices时,这是与SelectFieldint设置,它的工作方式如下:

test_select = SelectField("Test", coerce=int, choices=[(0, "test0"), (1, "test1")], default=1)

要么:

class TestForm(Form):
    test_select = SelectField("Test", coerce=int)

@app.route("/test")
def view_function():
    form = TestForm()
    form.test_select.choices = [(0, "test0"), (1, "test1")]
    form.test_select.default = 1
    form.process()

0
投票

如果您正在使用flask_wtf并且想为嵌套在FieldList中的不同SelectFields设置默认值,就像这样

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm


class FormWithSelect(FlaskForm):
    my_select_field = SelectField(validators=[DataRequired()], coerce=int)


class FormWithMultipleSelects(FlaskForm):
    select_fields = FieldList(FormField(FormWithSelect), min_entries=1)
    submit = SubmitField(label="save all the select field values")

解决方案是覆盖data,而不是像你期望的那样覆盖default

def generate_my_form(my_data, overwrite_data=True):
    form = FormWithMultipleSelects(select_fields=[{
        "my_select_field": {
             "name": d["name"],
             # ...
        }
    } for d in my_data]))
    for n range(len(form.select_fields)):
        form.select_fields[n].my_select_field.choices = [(1,'foo'), (2,'bar')]
        # I wan't 'bar' to be the option selected by default
        # form.select_fields[n].my_select_field.default = 2  # has no effect!
        if overwrite_data:
            form.select_fields[n].my_select_field.data = 2 #  works

基本上这个解决方案类似于上面的Elliots answer;我只想为更复杂的FieldList案例提供解决方案。 nikitz在评论中提到,有一个副作用:如果你覆盖form.validate_on_submit()data不起作用!您可以构建一个简单的解决方法,在调用data时禁用覆盖validate_on_submit()

 form_for_validation = generate_my_form(my_data, False)
 if form_for_validation.validate_on_submit():
      # do something with form_for_validation.data
 else:
     form_with_default_data = generate_my_form(my_data, True)
     render_template(..., form=form_with_default_data)

它不是超级优雅,但它的工作原理。

PS:我的声誉太低,无法直接评论Elliot的正确答案。


0
投票

我有一些问题与动态设置默认选择字段thati认为可以是有用的。模型是这样的:

class State(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'states'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)   
    name = db.Column(db.String(128), nullable=False)


class City(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'cities'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(64))
    state_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('states.id'))   
    state = db.relationship(State, backref='state')


class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
    ...
    city_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('cities.id'))
    city = db.relationship('City', backref='city')

表格是这样的:

class UserEditForm(FlaskForm):
    ...
    state = SelectField("state", coerce=int)
    city = SelectField("city", coerce=int)
    ....

  def __init__(self, state_id, *args, **kwargs):
       super(UserEditForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
       self.state.choices =  [(state.id, state.name)
                        for state in State.query.order_by('name').all()]
       self.city.choices = [(city.id, city.name)
                            for city in   City.query.filter_by(state_id=state_id).order_by('name').all()]   

并且视图是这样的:

@dashboard.route('/useredit', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def useredit():
    ....
    user = current_user._get_current_object()       
    form = OrganEditForm(state_id=user.city.state_id, state=user.city.state_id, city=user.city_id)
     ....

它工作正常并正确设置Selectfield默认值。但我改变了这样的代码:

在视图中:

@dashboard.route('/useredit', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    @login_required
    def useredit():
        ....
        user = current_user._get_current_object()       
        form = OrganEditForm(obj=user)
         ....

在表格中

def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
       super(UserEditForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
       self.state.choices =  [(state.id, state.name)
                        for state in State.query.order_by('name').all()]
       self.city.choices = [(city.id, city.name)
                            for city in   City.query.filter_by(state_id=kwargs['obj'].city.state_id).order_by('name').all()] 

但这次没有设置城市默认值。我改变了这样的形式:

def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
           kwargs['city'] = kwargs['obj'].city_id
           super(UserEditForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
           self.state.choices =  [(state.id, state.name)
                            for state in State.query.order_by('name').all()]
           self.city.choices = [(city.id, city.name)
                                for city in   City.query.filter_by(state_id=kwargs['obj'].city.state_id).order_by('name').all()] 

但它不起作用。我尝试了很多解决方案,在最后我将城市变量名称更改为usercity:

usercity= SelectField("city", coerce=int)

和qazxsw poi到qazxsw poi。之后它运作正常。

问题是当我设置kwargs['city'] = kwargs['obj'].city_id时,城市选择字段的默认值从我在kwargs['usercity'] = kwargs['obj'].city_id模型中定义的obj=user读取。

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