最近我在 Ubuntu 上遇到了很多问题。我每次尝试更新时都看到这个错误：
dpkg：错误处理包
【软件更新器】显示如下：
软件索引坏了 无法安装或删除任何软件。请首先使用包管理器“Synaptic”或在终端中运行“sudo apt-get install -f”来解决此问题。
（我对使用 Stack Overflow 不是很熟悉，对于任何不当的格式、礼仪等表示歉意）
当我跑步时：
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt full-upgrade
我得到以下输出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
8 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 12.0 MB/35.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu kinetic-updates/main amd64 linux-image-5.19.0-31-generic amd64 5.19.0-31.32 [12.0 MB]
Fetched 12.0 MB in 1s (10.4 MB/s)
Setting up linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic (5.19.0-35.36) ...
Setting up linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic (5.19.0-28.29) ...
Setting up grub-pc (2.06-2ubuntu12.1) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.config: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in b
ackquote substitution
dpkg: error processing package grub-pc (--configure):
installed grub-pc package post-installation script subprocess returned error ex
it status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64-signed:
grub-efi-amd64-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64 | grub-pc; however:
Package grub-efi-amd64 is not installed.
Package grub-pc is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of shim-signed:
shim-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64-signed (>= 1.187.2~) | grub-efi-arm64-sig
ned (>= 1.187.2~); however:
Package grub-efi-amd64-signed is not configured yet.
Package grub-efi-arm64-signed is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package shim-signed (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic (5.19.0-35.36) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
* dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.19.0-35-generic
...done.
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-35-generic
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote s
ubstitution
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 2
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic (--configure):
installed linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic package post-installation script subpro
cess returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic (5.19.0-28.29) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
* dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.19.0-28-generic
...done.
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-28-generic
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote s
ubstitution
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 2
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic (--configure):
installed linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic package post-installation script subpro
cess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
grub-pc
grub-efi-amd64-signed
shim-signed
linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic
linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
当我跑步时：
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
我得到以下输出：
Setting up linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic (5.19.0-35.36) ...
Setting up linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic (5.19.0-28.29) ...
Setting up grub-pc (2.06-2ubuntu12.1) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.config: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote substitution
dpkg: error processing package grub-pc (--configure):
installed grub-pc package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64-signed:
grub-efi-amd64-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64 | grub-pc; however:
Package grub-efi-amd64 is not installed.
Package grub-pc is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of shim-signed:
shim-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64-signed (>= 1.187.2~) | grub-efi-arm64-signed (>= 1.187.2~); however:
Package grub-efi-amd64-signed is not configured yet.
Package grub-efi-arm64-signed is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package shim-signed (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic (5.19.0-35.36) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
* dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.19.0-35-generic
...done.
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-35-generic
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote substitution
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 2
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic (--configure):
installed linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic (5.19.0-28.29) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
* dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.19.0-28-generic
...done.
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-28-generic
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote substitution
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 2
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic (--configure):
installed linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
grub-pc
grub-efi-amd64-signed
shim-signed
linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic
linux-image-5.19.0-28-generic
当我跑步时：
$ sudo apt-get install -f
我得到以下输出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic linux-image-5.19.0-29-generic
linux-image-5.19.0-31-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
8 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 36.5 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 355370 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic (5.19.0-23.24) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-23-generic
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote substitution
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 2
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic (--remove):
installed linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic package post-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
当我跑步时：
$ sudo apt remove linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic
我得到以下输出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic linux-image-5.19.0-29-generic
linux-image-5.19.0-31-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
8 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 36.5 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 355370 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic (5.19.0-23.24) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-23-generic
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote s
ubstitution
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 2
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic (--remove):
installed linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic package post-removal script subprocess
returned error exit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
当我跑步时：
$ sudo apt autoremove
我得到以下输出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic linux-image-5.19.0-29-generic
linux-image-5.19.0-31-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
8 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 36.5 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 355370 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic (5.19.0-23.24) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-23-generic
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 34: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote s
ubstitution
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 2
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic (--remove):
installed linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic package post-removal script subprocess
returned error exit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-5.19.0-23-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
感谢您花时间阅读本文。