加载X509证书：Azure中的错误，无法在本地复制

Question

我有从我的appsettings.json文件中加载X509证书以及密码（以base64编码的pfx文件）的代码，看起来像这样：

    public static X509Certificate2 LoadSsoCertificate(IConfiguration config)
    {
        //this should be a self-signed PFX certificate with the private key included.
        var certificateText = config["SSO:x509Certificate"];
        //this should be the password to open/ read the certificate.
        var certificatePassword = config["SSO:SecretKeyPassphrase"];

        var certificateBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(certificateText);
        var cert = new X509Certificate2(certificateBytes, certificatePassword);
        return cert;
    }

在本地测试时，这很好用，但是当我部署到Azure应用程序服务时，我得到了这个神秘的异常：

Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: The specified network password is not correct
   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FilterPFXStore(Byte[] rawData, SafePasswordHandle password, PfxCertStoreFlags pfxCertStoreFlags)
   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(Byte[] rawData, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2..ctor(Byte[] rawData, String password)
   at MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core.Configuration.SingleSignOn.LoadSsoCertificate(IConfiguration config) in d:\a\1\s\MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core\Configuration\SingleSignOn.cs:line 43
   at MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core.Configuration.ConfigureMultiTenantSaml2Options.Configure(Saml2Options options) in d:\a\1\s\MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core\Configuration\ConfigureMultiTenantSaml2Options.cs:line 51
   at MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core.Configuration.ConfigureMultiTenantSaml2Options.Configure(String name, Saml2Options options) in d:\a\1\s\MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core\Configuration\ConfigureMultiTenantSaml2Options.cs:line 78
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
   at Sustainsys.Saml2.AspNetCore2.Saml2Handler.<>c__DisplayClass6_0.<InitializeAsync>b__0()
   at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
   at Sustainsys.Saml2.AspNetCore2.Saml2Handler.InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandlerProvider.GetHandlerAsync(HttpContext context, String authenticationScheme)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
   at MyCompany.SoaToolkit.LoggingContext.AspNetCore.Middleware.Configuration.<>c.<<UseLoggingContextRequests>b__0_0>d.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.IISIntegration.IISMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext httpContext)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.Http.HttpProtocol.ProcessRequests[TContext](IHttpApplication`1 application)

它说指定的“网络”密码不正确，但是与在本地工作的密码相同，所以我无法想象问题出在实际上是密码，而且也不应该尝试使用“网络”。任何人都可以在这里阐明问题的所在，并提供有关如何使此相对简单的代码起作用的建议吗？

UPDATE

基于@ Crypt32的评论，我直接在Azure中创建了一个新证书，并将其作为PFX保存到本地桌面，然后对其进行Base64编码，并将其绑定到我的appsettings文件中。再次，这在本地工作正常，但是当我部署到Azure时，我得到了类似但也同样神秘的异常：

Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: The system cannot find the file specified
   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.StorePal.FromBlobOrFile(Byte[] rawData, String fileName, SafePasswordHandle password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2Collection.Import(Byte[] rawData, String password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
   at MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core.Configuration.SingleSignOn.LoadSsoCertificate(IConfiguration config) in D:\a\1\s\MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core\Configuration\SingleSignOn.cs:line 40
   at MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core.Configuration.ConfigureMultiTenantSaml2Options.Configure(Saml2Options options) in D:\a\1\s\MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core\Configuration\ConfigureMultiTenantSaml2Options.cs:line 51
   at MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core.Configuration.ConfigureMultiTenantSaml2Options.Configure(String name, Saml2Options options) in D:\a\1\s\MyCompany.AuthenticationServices.Core\Configuration\ConfigureMultiTenantSaml2Options.cs:line 78
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
   at Sustainsys.Saml2.AspNetCore2.Saml2Handler.<>c__DisplayClass6_0.<InitializeAsync>b__0()
   at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
   at Sustainsys.Saml2.AspNetCore2.Saml2Handler.InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandlerProvider.GetHandlerAsync(HttpContext context, String authenticationScheme)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
   at MyCompany.SoaToolkit.LoggingContext.AspNetCore.Middleware.Configuration.<>c.<<UseLoggingContextRequests>b__0_0>d.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.IISIntegration.IISMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext httpContext)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.Http.HttpProtocol.ProcessRequests[TContext](IHttpApplication`1 application)

Answer 1

[好，@ Crypt32在这里使我走上了正确的道路，但这并不明显。

1）问题与密码无关。这与我使用openssl和Windows 10显然支持的算法制作了自签名证书有关，但是Azure不支持。我在Azure上创建了一个新证书，效果很好。

2）我也不知道密钥库的问题（这是有关找不到文件的错误）。看来Azure无法弄清楚如何为应用程序服务创建服务帐户密钥库，这真让我大吃一惊。我切换到了基于Blob的密钥库（请参见here），突然之间一切似乎又在运行……或者至少在没有启动的情况下。

故事的寓意：X509错误消息总比一文不值。它会杀死MS生成一条实际上描述问题的错误消息吗？希望这个答案可以帮助其他人。