我是移动自动化领域的新手，并在真正的 Android 设备上使用 Appium 来学习它。我只是想在我的 Android 设备上打开计算器应用程序。但是我无法启动它。下面是所需的代码，Appium日志供参考。你能让我知道我在这里做错了什么吗？
PS：我已经检查了许多有关堆栈溢出的帖子，但没有一个解决我的问题。因此将其发布在这里。
提前致谢
public class CalculatorTest {
static AndroidDriver driver;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
openCalculator();
} catch (Exception e) {
//System.out.println(e.getCause());
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void openCalculator() throws Exception {
//Setting mobile capabilities
DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "Redmi 6 Pro");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("udid","0986fbcd0805");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName","Android");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformVersion","9 PKQ1.180917.001");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appPackage","com.miui.calculator");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appActivity","com.miui.calculator.cal.CalculatorActivity");
//Setting Url
URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");
//setting driver
driver = new AndroidDriver(url,desiredCapabilities);
System.out.println("application started");
}
}
=============================================================================================
Appium Logs:
C:\Windows\system32>appium --session-override
[Appium] Welcome to Appium v1.22.3
[Appium] Non-default server args:
[Appium] sessionOverride: true
[Appium] Appium REST http interface listener started on 0.0.0.0:4723
[debug] [HTTP] Request idempotency key: cb13604d-ed61-4f3d-9787-2ed0116804ec
[HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session
[HTTP] {"capabilities":{"firstMatch":[{}],"alwaysMatch":{"appium:app":"C:\\Users\\ahmed\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\appium\\node_modules\\appium-uiautomator2-server\\apks\\appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.27.0.apk","appium:appActivity":"com.miui.calculator.cal.CalculatorActivity","appium:appPackage":"com.miui.calculator","appium:automationName":"UiAutomator2","appium:deviceName":"Redmi 6 Pro","appium:platformVersion":"9 PKQ1.180917.001","appium:udid":"0986fbcd0805","platformName":"android"}}}
[debug] [W3C] Calling AppiumDriver.createSession() with args: [null,null,{"firstMatch":[{}],"alwaysMatch":{"appium:app":"C:\\Users\\ahmed\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\appium\\node_modules\\appium-uiautomator2-server\\apks\\appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.27.0.apk","appium:appActivity":"com.miui.calculator.cal.CalculatorActivity","appium:appPackage":"com.miui.calculator","appium:automationName":"UiAutomator2","appium:deviceName":"Redmi 6 Pro","appium:platformVersion":"9 PKQ1.180917.001","appium:udid":"0986fbcd0805","platformName":"android"}}]
[debug] [BaseDriver] Event 'newSessionRequested' logged at 1654178822963 (19:37:02 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time))
[Appium] Appium v1.22.3 creating new AndroidUiautomator2Driver (v1.70.1) session
[debug] [Appium] There are no active sessions for cleanup
[debug] [BaseDriver] Creating session with W3C capabilities: {
[debug] [BaseDriver] "alwaysMatch": {
[debug] [BaseDriver] "platformName": "android",
[debug] [BaseDriver] "appium:app": "C:\\Users\\ahmed\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\appium\\node_modules\\appium-uiautomator2-server\\apks\\appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.27.0.apk",
[debug] [BaseDriver] "appium:appActivity": "com.miui.calculator.cal.CalculatorActivity",
[debug] [BaseDriver] "appium:appPackage": "com.miui.calculator",
[debug] [BaseDriver] "appium:automationName": "UiAutomator2",
[debug] [BaseDriver] "appium:deviceName": "Redmi 6 Pro",
[debug] [BaseDriver] "appium:platformVersion": "9 PKQ1.180917.001",
[debug] [BaseDriver] "appium:udid": "0986fbcd0805"
[debug] [BaseDriver] },
[debug] [BaseDriver] "firstMatch": [
[debug] [BaseDriver] {}
[debug] [BaseDriver] ]
[debug] [BaseDriver] }
[BaseDriver] Session created with session id: da959f17-91bd-4fea-8410-b6d1f9643c98
[BaseDriver] Using local app 'C:\Users\ahmed\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-uiautomator2-server\apks\appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.27.0.apk'
[debug] [UiAutomator2] Checking whether app is actually present
[ADB] Found 1 'build-tools' folders under 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk' (newest first):
[ADB] F:/Downloads/android_sdk/build-tools/32.0.0
[ADB] Using 'adb.exe' from 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe'
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 start-server'
[AndroidDriver] Retrieving device list
[debug] [ADB] Trying to find a connected android device
[debug] [ADB] Getting connected devices
[debug] [ADB] Connected devices: [{"udid":"0986fbcd0805","state":"device"}]
[AndroidDriver] Using device: 0986fbcd0805
[ADB] Using 'adb.exe' from 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe'
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 start-server'
[debug] [ADB] Setting device id to 0986fbcd0805
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell getprop ro.build.version.sdk'
[debug] [ADB] Current device property 'ro.build.version.sdk': 28
[ADB] Getting device platform version
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell getprop ro.build.version.release'
[debug] [ADB] Current device property 'ro.build.version.release': 9
[debug] [ADB] Device API level: 28
[UiAutomator2] Relaxing hidden api policy
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell 'settings put global hidden_api_policy_pre_p_apps 1;settings put global hidden_api_policy_p_apps 1;settings put global hidden_api_policy 1''
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 wait-for-device'
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell echo ping'
[debug] [AndroidDriver] Pushing settings apk to device...
[debug] [ADB] Getting install status for io.appium.settings
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell dumpsys package io.appium.settings'
[debug] [ADB] 'io.appium.settings' is installed
[debug] [ADB] Getting package info for 'io.appium.settings'
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell dumpsys package io.appium.settings'
[debug] [ADB] The version name of the installed 'io.appium.settings' is greater or equal to the application version name ('3.4.0' >= '3.4.0')
[debug] [ADB] There is no need to install/upgrade 'C:\Users\ahmed\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\node_modules\io.appium.settings\apks\settings_apk-debug.apk'
[debug] [ADB] Getting IDs of all 'io.appium.settings' processes
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell 'pgrep --help; echo $?''
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell pgrep -f \(\[\[:blank:\]\]\|\^\)io\.appium\.settings\(\[\[:blank:\]\]\|\$\)'
[debug] [AndroidDriver] io.appium.settings is already running. There is no need to reset its permissions.
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell appops set io.appium.settings android:mock_location allow'
[debug] [Logcat] Starting logs capture with command: F:\\Downloads\\android_sdk\\platform-tools\\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 logcat -v threadtime
[debug] [UiAutomator2] Forwarding UiAutomator2 Server port 6790 to local port 8201
[debug] [ADB] Forwarding system: 8201 to device: 6790
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 forward tcp:8201 tcp:6790'
[debug] [ADB] Getting install status for io.appium.uiautomator2.server
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell dumpsys package io.appium.uiautomator2.server'
[debug] [ADB] 'io.appium.uiautomator2.server' is installed
[debug] [ADB] Getting package info for 'io.appium.uiautomator2.server'
[debug] [ADB] Running 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 0986fbcd0805 shell dumpsys package io.appium.uiautomator2.server'
[debug] [ADB] The version name of the installed 'io.appium.uiautomator2.server' is greater or equal to the application version name ('4.27.0' >= '4.27.0')
[debug] [UiAutomator2] io.appium.uiautomator2.server installation state: sameVersionInstalled
[debug] [ADB] Checking app cert for C:\Users\ahmed\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-uiautomator2-server\apks\appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.27.0.apk
[ADB] Using 'apksigner.jar' from 'F:\Downloads\android_sdk\platform-tools\apksigner.jar'
[debug] [ADB] Starting apksigner: 'C:\\Program Files\\Java\\jdk-15.0.1\\bin\\java.exe' -Xmx1024M -Xss1m -jar F:\\Downloads\\android_sdk\\platform-tools\\apksigner.jar verify --print-certs C:\\Users\\ahmed\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\appium\\node_modules\\appium-uiautomator2-server\\apks\\appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.27.0.apk
[HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session - - ms - -
[HTTP]
[HTTP] Could not cache the response identified by 'cb13604d-ed61-4f3d-9787-2ed0116804ec', because it has not been completed
[HTTP] Does the client terminate connections too early?
[Logcat] Logcat terminated with code 0, signal null
堆栈跟踪：
> Task :CalculatorTest.main()
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure.
org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure.
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:561)
at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.startSession(AppiumDriver.java:225)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:151)
at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.<init>(AppiumDriver.java:79)
at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.<init>(AppiumDriver.java:87)
at io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver.<init>(AndroidDriver.java:116)
at appiumTests.CalculatorTest.openCalculator(CalculatorTest.java:39)
at appiumTests.CalculatorTest.main(CalculatorTest.java:14)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
Build info: version: '4.1.1', revision: 'e8fcc2cecf'
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
System info: host: 'DESKTOP-6FC8K77', ip: '192.168.0.123', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '15.0.1'
Driver info: driver.version: AndroidDriver
at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumProtocolHandshake.createSession(AppiumProtocolHandshake.java:130)
at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumProtocolHandshake.createSession(AppiumProtocolHandshake.java:102)
at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor.createSession(AppiumCommandExecutor.java:146)
at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor.execute(AppiumCommandExecutor.java:180)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:543)
... 7 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:64)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:564)
at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumProtocolHandshake.createSession(AppiumProtocolHandshake.java:126)
... 11 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: NettyHttpHandler request execution error
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyHttpHandler.makeCall(NettyHttpHandler.java:83)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.RetryRequest.lambda$apply$6(RetryRequest.java:83)
at net.jodah.failsafe.Functions.lambda$get$0(Functions.java:48)
at net.jodah.failsafe.RetryPolicyExecutor.lambda$supply$0(RetryPolicyExecutor.java:66)
at net.jodah.failsafe.RetryPolicyExecutor.lambda$supply$0(RetryPolicyExecutor.java:66)
at net.jodah.failsafe.RetryPolicyExecutor.lambda$supply$0(RetryPolicyExecutor.java:66)
at net.jodah.failsafe.Execution.executeSync(Execution.java:128)
at net.jodah.failsafe.FailsafeExecutor.call(FailsafeExecutor.java:379)
at net.jodah.failsafe.FailsafeExecutor.get(FailsafeExecutor.java:68)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.RetryRequest.lambda$apply$7(RetryRequest.java:83)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AddSeleniumUserAgent.lambda$apply$0(AddSeleniumUserAgent.java:42)
at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor.lambda$createSession$0(AppiumCommandExecutor.java:149)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter.lambda$andFinally$1(Filter.java:56)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyHttpHandler.execute(NettyHttpHandler.java:51)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.RetryRequest.lambda$apply$6(RetryRequest.java:83)
at net.jodah.failsafe.Functions.lambda$get$0(Functions.java:48)
at net.jodah.failsafe.RetryPolicyExecutor.lambda$supply$0(RetryPolicyExecutor.java:66)
at net.jodah.failsafe.RetryPolicyExecutor.lambda$supply$0(RetryPolicyExecutor.java:66)
at net.jodah.failsafe.RetryPolicyExecutor.lambda$supply$0(RetryPolicyExecutor.java:66)
at net.jodah.failsafe.Execution.executeSync(Execution.java:128)
at net.jodah.failsafe.FailsafeExecutor.call(FailsafeExecutor.java:379)
at net.jodah.failsafe.FailsafeExecutor.get(FailsafeExecutor.java:68)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.RetryRequest.lambda$apply$7(RetryRequest.java:83)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AddSeleniumUserAgent.lambda$apply$0(AddSeleniumUserAgent.java:42)
at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor.lambda$createSession$0(AppiumCommandExecutor.java:149)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter.lambda$andFinally$1(Filter.java:56)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyClient.execute(NettyClient.java:110)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:102)
... 16 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: Request timeout to 127.0.0.1/127.0.0.1:4723 after 600000 ms
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.reportGet(CompletableFuture.java:395)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.get(CompletableFuture.java:2086)
at org.asynchttpclient.netty.NettyResponseFuture.get(NettyResponseFuture.java:206)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyHttpHandler.makeCall(NettyHttpHandler.java:66)
... 43 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: NettyHttpHandler request execution error
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: Request timeout to 127.0.0.1/127.0.0.1:4723 after 600000 ms
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: Request timeout to 127.0.0.1/127.0.0.1:4723 after 600000 ms
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: Request timeout to 127.0.0.1/127.0.0.1:4723 after 600000 ms
at org.asynchttpclient.netty.timeout.TimeoutTimerTask.expire(TimeoutTimerTask.java:43)
at org.asynchttpclient.netty.timeout.RequestTimeoutTimerTask.run(RequestTimeoutTimerTask.java:50)
at io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer$HashedWheelTimeout.run(HashedWheelTimer.java:715)
at io.netty.util.concurrent.ImmediateExecutor.execute(ImmediateExecutor.java:34)
at io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer$HashedWheelTimeout.expire(HashedWheelTimer.java:703)
at io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer$HashedWheelBucket.expireTimeouts(HashedWheelTimer.java:790)
at io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer$Worker.run(HashedWheelTimer.java:503)
at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:832)
我处理这种情况的方法是使用ADB命令来启动活动。 该命令如下所示：
adb shell am start -n com.oneplus.calculator/.Calculator为了使用 Java 执行此操作，我使用了 ProcessBuilder :
ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe", "/c" , "C:\\PATH\\TO\\YOUR\\adb.exe", "shell", "am", "start", "-n", "com.oneplus.calculator/.Calculator");
Process pc = pb.start();
pc.waitFor();
这里是完整的代码示例供参考（JDK 17、Appium 1.22、Appium Java lib 8.5.1）。
请更改 ADB.exe 的路径
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.AppiumBy;
import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.options.UiAutomator2Options;
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException, InterruptedException
{
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
//capabilities.setCapability("BROWSER_NAME", "Android");
capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "11");
capabilities.setCapability("deviceName","OnePlusNordCE");
capabilities.setCapability("platformName","Android");
capabilities.setCapability("automationName","UiAutomator2");
//capabilities.setCapability("udid" , "023b6e0b");
capabilities.setCapability("autoGrantPermissions", true);
capabilities.setCapability("appWaitPackage", "com.oneplus.calculator");
capabilities.setCapability("appWaitActivity","com.oneplus.calculator.Calculator");
AndroidDriver driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);
//adb shell am start -n com.oneplus.calculator/.Calculator
ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe", "/c" , "C:\\PATH\\TO\\YOUR\\adb.exe", "shell", "am", "start", "-n", "com.oneplus.calculator/.Calculator");
Process pc = pb.start();
pc.waitFor();
System.out.println("Done");
try {
driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.oneplus.calculator:id/digit_2")).click();
WebElement plus=driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.oneplus.calculator:id/op_add"));
plus.click();
WebElement four=driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.oneplus.calculator:id/digit_6"));
four.click();
WebElement equalTo=driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.oneplus.calculator:id/eq"));
equalTo.click();
WebElement results=driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.oneplus.calculator:id/result"));
System.out.println(" result " + results.getText());
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
PS：我没有遇到任何需要更改 apksigner.jar 的错误。希望该解决方案可以帮助其他人提供替代选项，以防他们发现 apksigner.jar 异常不是原因，但应用程序仍然没有在真实设备上弹出。此外，可能还有许多特定于用户环境的参数，例如应用程序包和应用程序活动。
要查找您的计算器包和活动，请在命令提示符下使用此命令（假设 Android 设备已连接到计算机）：
adb shell dumpsys window displays | grep -E ‘mCurrentFocus’
结果应如下所示：
mCurrentFocus=Window{4c3189b u0 com.oneplus.calculator/com.oneplus.calculator.Calculator}