我已经在pyside2
中创建了一个带有嵌入式matplotlib
画布的GUI。我打算在此画布上显示很多信息,因此我需要更多垂直空间。我以为可以将画布放置在QScrollArea
内,并创建一个“高”的图形,并在彼此下面放置一些子图。
This answer接近我想要的,但是我根本不需要水平滚动。相反,我希望我的画布根据GUI进行扩展/收缩,完全占据QScrollArea
内部的可用水平空间,但仍然仅允许图形的垂直滚动。
以下代码是没有任何滚动条的MRE:
import sys
from PySide2.QtCore import Qt
from PySide2.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QMainWindow,
QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QWidget)
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (FigureCanvasQTAgg as Canvas,
NavigationToolbar2QT as Navbar)
from matplotlib.pyplot import Figure
class MyApp(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__()
# Main Window setup
self.showMaximized()
self.frame = QWidget(self)
self.setCentralWidget(self.frame)
main_layout = QHBoxLayout()
self.frame.setLayout(main_layout)
# Buttons (left column)
buttons_row = QHBoxLayout()
self.plot_above_button = QPushButton(self, text='Plot Data Above')
self.plot_above_button.clicked.connect(self.plot_above)
buttons_row.addWidget(self.plot_above_button)
self.plot_below_button = QPushButton(self, text='Plot Data Below')
self.plot_below_button.clicked.connect(self.plot_below)
buttons_row.addWidget(self.plot_below_button)
main_layout.addLayout(buttons_row)
# Plot (right column)
right_column = QVBoxLayout()
self.fig = Figure(facecolor='white')
self.ax1 = self.fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.3, 0.8, 0.7])
self.ax2 = self.fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.1])
self.canvas = Canvas(self.fig)
self.canvas.setParent(self)
right_column.addWidget(self.canvas)
right_column.addWidget(Navbar(self.canvas, self.frame))
main_layout.addLayout(right_column)
def plot_above(self):
self.ax1.plot([1, 2], [3, 4])
self.canvas.draw()
def plot_below(self):
self.ax2.plot([1, 2], [3, 4])
self.canvas.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication()
gui = MyApp()
gui.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
这是我执行上面的代码时看到的GUI:
如您所见,画布在垂直和水平方向上都占据了整个可用空间。除了缺少垂直滚动条之外,这正是我想要的。
现在,如果我尝试通过将以下行添加到我的代码中来将self.canvas
放置在QScrollArea
中:
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QScrollArea # additional import
# ...
self.canvas.setParent(self) # this is old code
# new code starts here
scroll_area = QScrollArea()
scroll_area.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff)
scroll_area.horizontalScrollBar().setEnabled(False)
scroll_area.setWidget(self.canvas)
right_column.addWidget(scroll_area)
right_column.addWidget(Navbar(self.canvas, self.frame)) # this is old code
# ...
我现在结束了:
不是自动调整大小,而是仅将图“坐”在QScrollArea
内,并使用默认的figsize值进行初始化。
我还尝试通过写例如:来手动调整图形的大小:
self.fig = Figure(facecolor='white', figsize=(11, 12))
哪个给我:
这与我想要的非常接近,但是也很hacky:我根据画布在屏幕上的显示方式凭经验选择了figsize (11, 12)
,但是在另一个屏幕上或者如果添加其他小部件,这些值可能会有所不同到左侧画布也不会随主窗口一起调整大小。
有没有办法实现我想要的?
[尝试解决另一天之后,我终于明白了。我在这里写答案,以防将来有人偶然发现此问题。
我们可以重新实现GUI的resizeEvent
,以将画布宽度调整为QScrollArea
当前宽度:
def resizeEvent(self, e):
self.canvas.resize(self.scroll_area.width(), self.canvas.height())
super().resizeEvent(e)
如果我在init方法的末尾调用self.showMaximized()
,则调整大小将自动触发。这意味着在第一次显示窗口时,画布已正确调整了大小,而当我更改窗口大小时,画布将进行调整。
这是结果:
以及用于生成GUI的完整代码:
import sys
from PySide2.QtCore import Qt
from PySide2.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QMainWindow,
QPushButton, QScrollArea, QVBoxLayout, QWidget)
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (FigureCanvasQTAgg as Canvas,
NavigationToolbar2QT as Navbar)
from matplotlib.pyplot import Figure
class MyApp(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__()
# Main Window setup
self.frame = QWidget(self)
self.setCentralWidget(self.frame)
main_layout = QHBoxLayout()
self.frame.setLayout(main_layout)
# Buttons (left column)
buttons_row = QHBoxLayout()
self.plot_above_button = QPushButton(self, text='Plot Data Above')
self.plot_above_button.clicked.connect(self.plot_above)
buttons_row.addWidget(self.plot_above_button)
self.plot_below_button = QPushButton(self, text='Plot Data Below')
self.plot_below_button.clicked.connect(self.plot_below)
buttons_row.addWidget(self.plot_below_button)
main_layout.addLayout(buttons_row)
# Plot (right column)
right_column = QVBoxLayout()
self.fig = Figure(facecolor='white', figsize=(12, 12))
self.ax1 = self.fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.3, 0.8, 0.7])
self.ax2 = self.fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.1])
self.canvas = Canvas(self.fig)
self.canvas.setParent(self)
self.scroll_area = QScrollArea()
self.scroll_area.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff)
self.scroll_area.horizontalScrollBar().setEnabled(False)
self.scroll_area.setWidget(self.canvas)
right_column.addWidget(self.scroll_area)
right_column.addWidget(Navbar(self.canvas, self.frame))
main_layout.addLayout(right_column)
self.showMaximized()
def plot_above(self):
self.ax1.plot([1, 2], [3, 4])
self.canvas.draw()
def plot_below(self):
self.ax2.plot([1, 2], [3, 4])
self.canvas.draw()
def resizeEvent(self, e):
self.canvas.resize(self.scroll_area.width(), self.canvas.height())
super().resizeEvent(e)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication()
gui = MyApp()
gui.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())