我有一个包含二进制文件和库的板条箱。该库的依赖性非常小,而二进制文件则需要更多的东西,例如加载文件或执行范围内的并行操作。
目前,我的 Cargo.toml 设置如下:
[dependencies.kdtree]
path = "../kdtree"
[dependencies]
rand="0.3.0"
rustc-serialize = "0.3"
csv = {git = "https://github.com/BurntSushi/rust-csv.git"}
crossbeam = "0.2"
num_cpus = "0.2"
[lib]
name = "conformal"
path = "src/lib.rs"
[[bin]]
name = "ucitest"
path = "src/bin/main.rs"
库需要的唯一依赖项是
kdtree
和 rand
。然而,即使您只构建库,它也会构建仅二进制依赖项。我尝试过使用 features
和其他技巧,如 [[bin].dependencies]
或 [ucitest-dependencies]
(或在 dependencies= []
下添加 [[bin]]
行),我认为这些技巧可能会使它们只为二进制文件构建,但我找不到一种方式。
这些依赖项不足以使这个问题成为问题,但它困扰着我。有没有办法缩小依赖关系,使它们只针对特定的二进制文件构建?
有几种方法可以模拟你想要的:
示例和测试是使用
dev-dependencies
构建的,因此您可以将这些依赖项移至本部分。图书馆不会依赖他们。
# File structure
conformal/
Cargo.toml
src/
lib.rs
examples/ # <-- the `ucitest` is
ucitest.rs # <-- moved to here
# Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
kdtree = { path = "../kdtree" }
rand = "0.3"
[dev-dependencies] # <-- move the examples-only dependencies here
serde = "1"
csv = "0.15"
crossbeam = "0.3"
num_cpus = "1"
[lib]
name = "conformal"
[[example]] # <--- declare the executable
name = "ucitest" # <--- as an example
要运行二进制文件,请使用:
cargo run --example ucitest
可以将依赖项设置为可选,因此依赖于您的
conformal
库的其他包将不需要下载它们。
从 Rust 1.17 开始,二进制文件可以声明它们 require 打开某些可选功能,有效地使这些库“仅二进制文件需要”。
# Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
kdtree = { path = "../kdtree" }
rand = "0.3"
serde = { version = "1", optional = true } # <-- make
csv = { version = "0.15", optional = true } # <-- all of
crossbeam = { version = "0.3", optional = true } # <-- them
num_cpus = { version = "1", optional = true } # <-- optional
[lib]
name = "conformal"
[features]
build-binary = ["serde", "csv", "crossbeam", "num_cpus"]
[[bin]]
name = "ucitest"
required-features = ["build-binary"] # <--
请注意,构建二进制文件时需要手动传递
--features build-binary
:
cargo run --features build-binary --bin ucitest
当库和二进制文件是单独的包时,您可以执行任何您喜欢的依赖项管理。
# File structure
conformal/
Cargo.toml
src/
lib.rs
ucitest/ # <-- move ucitest
Cargo.toml # <-- into its own
src/ # <-- package.
main.rs
# ucitest/Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
conformal = { version = "0.1", path = "../" } # <-- explicitly depend on the library
serde = "1"
csv = "0.15"
crossbeam = "0.3"
num_cpus = "1"
目录结构如下:
project-root
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── yourlibary
│ ├── Cargo.toml
│ └── src
│ └── lib.rs
├── src
│ └── main.rs
└── target
顶级
Cargo.toml
文件:
[package]
name = "yourprogram"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["You <[email protected]>"]
[workspace]
[dependencies]
yourlibrary = { path = "yourlibrary" }
yourlibrary
Cargo.toml
文件:
[package]
name = "yourlibrary"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["You <[email protected]>"]
[dependencies]
Cargo.lock
文件以及target
目录位于项目根目录,为工作区中的所有组件共享。工作区组件是从具有锁定路径的依赖项自动推断的,但也可以手动指定。
每个组件及其
Cargo.toml
文件仍然可以在 crates.io 上单独发布