使用Ruby,如何在终端中对输出的背景和前景文本进行着色?
[我记得,在对Pascal进行编程时,我们所有人都曾经编写自己的textcolor(…)
程序,以使我们的小型教育程序看起来更美观,更具表现力。
我将如何在Ruby中编写与之等效的代码?
着色是我最喜欢的宝石! :-)
签出:
https://github.com/fazibear/colorize
安装:
gem install colorize
用法:
require 'colorize'
puts "I am now red".red
puts "I am now blue".blue
puts "Testing".yellow
这可能会帮助您:Colorized ruby output
我发现上面的答案很有用,但是如果我想使用任何第三方库为日志输出without
结合以上答案,您可以实现类似gem colorize的功能,而无需其他依赖。
class String
# colorization
def colorize(color_code)
"\e[#{color_code}m#{self}\e[0m"
end
def red
colorize(31)
end
def green
colorize(32)
end
def yellow
colorize(33)
end
def blue
colorize(34)
end
def pink
colorize(35)
end
def light_blue
colorize(36)
end
end
作为String类方法(仅Unix):
class String
def black; "\e[30m#{self}\e[0m" end
def red; "\e[31m#{self}\e[0m" end
def green; "\e[32m#{self}\e[0m" end
def brown; "\e[33m#{self}\e[0m" end
def blue; "\e[34m#{self}\e[0m" end
def magenta; "\e[35m#{self}\e[0m" end
def cyan; "\e[36m#{self}\e[0m" end
def gray; "\e[37m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_black; "\e[40m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_red; "\e[41m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_green; "\e[42m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_brown; "\e[43m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_blue; "\e[44m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_magenta; "\e[45m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_cyan; "\e[46m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_gray; "\e[47m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bold; "\e[1m#{self}\e[22m" end
def italic; "\e[3m#{self}\e[23m" end
def underline; "\e[4m#{self}\e[24m" end
def blink; "\e[5m#{self}\e[25m" end
def reverse_color; "\e[7m#{self}\e[27m" end
end
和用法:
puts "I'm back green".bg_green
puts "I'm red and back cyan".red.bg_cyan
puts "I'm bold and green and backround red".bold.green.bg_red
在我的控制台上:
<< img src =“ https://image.soinside.com/eyJ1cmwiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9pLnN0YWNrLmltZ3VyLmNvbS82Tk1yai5wbmcifQ==” alt =“在此处输入图像描述”>
def no_colors
self.gsub /\e\[\d+m/, ""
end
删除格式字符
puts "\e[31m" # set format (red foreground)
puts "\e[0m" # clear format
puts "green-#{"red".red}-green".green # will be green-red-normal, because of \e[0
我根据Erik Skoglund等人的回答,写了一种测试基本色彩模式的小方法。
#outputs color table to console, regular and bold modes
def colortable
names = %w(black red green yellow blue pink cyan white default)
fgcodes = (30..39).to_a - [38]
s = ''
reg = "\e[%d;%dm%s\e[0m"
bold = "\e[1;%d;%dm%s\e[0m"
puts ' color table with these background codes:'
puts ' 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 49'
names.zip(fgcodes).each {|name,fg|
s = "#{fg}"
puts "%7s "%name + "#{reg} #{bold} "*9 % [fg,40,s,fg,40,s, fg,41,s,fg,41,s, fg,42,s,fg,42,s, fg,43,s,fg,43,s,
fg,44,s,fg,44,s, fg,45,s,fg,45,s, fg,46,s,fg,46,s, fg,47,s,fg,47,s, fg,49,s,fg,49,s ]
}
end
示例输出:
您可以使用ANSI转义序列在控制台上执行此操作。我知道这适用于Linux和OSX,我不确定Windows控制台(cmd)是否支持ANSI。
我用Java完成的,但是想法是一样的。
//foreground color
public static final String BLACK_TEXT() { return "\033[30m";}
public static final String RED_TEXT() { return "\033[31m";}
public static final String GREEN_TEXT() { return "\033[32m";}
public static final String BROWN_TEXT() { return "\033[33m";}
public static final String BLUE_TEXT() { return "\033[34m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_TEXT() { return "\033[35m";}
public static final String CYAN_TEXT() { return "\033[36m";}
public static final String GRAY_TEXT() { return "\033[37m";}
//background color
public static final String BLACK_BACK() { return "\033[40m";}
public static final String RED_BACK() { return "\033[41m";}
public static final String GREEN_BACK() { return "\033[42m";}
public static final String BROWN_BACK() { return "\033[43m";}
public static final String BLUE_BACK() { return "\033[44m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_BACK() { return "\033[45m";}
public static final String CYAN_BACK() { return "\033[46m";}
public static final String WHITE_BACK() { return "\033[47m";}
//ANSI control chars
public static final String RESET_COLORS() { return "\033[0m";}
public static final String BOLD_ON() { return "\033[1m";}
public static final String BLINK_ON() { return "\033[5m";}
public static final String REVERSE_ON() { return "\033[7m";}
public static final String BOLD_OFF() { return "\033[22m";}
public static final String BLINK_OFF() { return "\033[25m";}
public static final String REVERSE_OFF() { return "\033[27m";}
虽然其他答案对大多数人来说都可以做得很好,但是应该提到“正确的” Unix方式。由于所有类型的文本终端均不支持这些序列,因此您可以查询terminfo数据库,这是各种文本终端的功能的抽象。这似乎大部分都具有历史意义-今天使用的软件终端通常支持ANSI序列-但它确实具有(至少)一种实际效果:能够将环境变量TERM
设置为dumb
有时很有用。避免所有此类样式,例如在将输出保存到文本文件时。同样,做事情right感觉很好。 :-)
您可以使用ruby-terminfo宝石。它需要一些C编译来安装;我可以通过以下方式将其安装在Ubuntu 14.10系统中:
$ sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
$ gem install ruby-terminfo --user-install
然后您可以像这样查询数据库(有关可用代码的列表,请参见terminfo man page:
require 'terminfo'
TermInfo.control("bold")
puts "Bold text"
TermInfo.control("sgr0")
puts "Back to normal."
puts "And now some " + TermInfo.control_string("setaf", 1) +
"red" + TermInfo.control_string("sgr0") + " text."
这里有一个包装类,使事情使用起来更简单。
require 'terminfo'
class Style
def self.style()
@@singleton ||= Style.new
end
colors = %w{black red green yellow blue magenta cyan white}
colors.each_with_index do |color, index|
define_method(color) { get("setaf", index) }
define_method("bg_" + color) { get("setab", index) }
end
def bold() get("bold") end
def under() get("smul") end
def dim() get("dim") end
def clear() get("sgr0") end
def get(*args)
begin
TermInfo.control_string(*args)
rescue TermInfo::TermInfoError
""
end
end
end
用法:
c = Style.style
C = c.clear
puts "#{c.red}Warning:#{C} this is #{c.bold}way#{C} #{c.bg_red}too much #{c.cyan + c.under}styling#{C}!"
puts "#{c.dim}(Don't you think?)#{C}"
((edit)最后,如果您不想使用gem,则可以依赖tput
程序,as described here – Ruby示例:
puts "Hi! " + `tput setaf 1` + "This is red!" + `tput sgr0`
我提出了可以帮助您的方法。这没什么大不了,但它可以工作:
def colorize(text, color = "default", bgColor = "default")
colors = {"default" => "38","black" => "30","red" => "31","green" => "32","brown" => "33", "blue" => "34", "purple" => "35",
"cyan" => "36", "gray" => "37", "dark gray" => "1;30", "light red" => "1;31", "light green" => "1;32", "yellow" => "1;33",
"light blue" => "1;34", "light purple" => "1;35", "light cyan" => "1;36", "white" => "1;37"}
bgColors = {"default" => "0", "black" => "40", "red" => "41", "green" => "42", "brown" => "43", "blue" => "44",
"purple" => "45", "cyan" => "46", "gray" => "47", "dark gray" => "100", "light red" => "101", "light green" => "102",
"yellow" => "103", "light blue" => "104", "light purple" => "105", "light cyan" => "106", "white" => "107"}
color_code = colors[color]
bgColor_code = bgColors[bgColor]
return "\033[#{bgColor_code};#{color_code}m#{text}\033[0m"
end
这里是使用方法:
puts "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "yellow")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "white","light red")}"
可能的改进可能是:
colors
和bgColors
在每次调用方法时都被定义,并且它们不会更改。bold
,underline
,dim
等此方法不适用于p
,因为p
对其参数执行inspect
。例如:
p "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
将显示“ \ e [0; 38mHello World \ e [0m”]
我用puts
,print
和Logger gem进行了测试,并且工作正常。
我对此进行了改进,并创建了一个类,因此colors
和bgColors
是类常量,colorize
是一个类方法:
编辑:更好的代码样式,定义常量而不是类变量,使用符号代替字符串,添加了更多选项,如粗体,斜体等。>
class Colorizator COLOURS = { default: '38', black: '30', red: '31', green: '32', brown: '33', blue: '34', purple: '35', cyan: '36', gray: '37', dark_gray: '1;30', light_red: '1;31', light_green: '1;32', yellow: '1;33', light_blue: '1;34', light_purple: '1;35', light_cyan: '1;36', white: '1;37' }.freeze BG_COLOURS = { default: '0', black: '40', red: '41', green: '42', brown: '43', blue: '44', purple: '45', cyan: '46', gray: '47', dark_gray: '100', light_red: '101', light_green: '102', yellow: '103', light_blue: '104', light_purple: '105', light_cyan: '106', white: '107' }.freeze FONT_OPTIONS = { bold: '1', dim: '2', italic: '3', underline: '4', reverse: '7', hidden: '8' }.freeze def self.colorize(text, colour = :default, bg_colour = :default, **options) colour_code = COLOURS[colour] bg_colour_code = BG_COLOURS[bg_colour] font_options = options.select { |k, v| v && FONT_OPTIONS.key?(k) }.keys font_options = font_options.map { |e| FONT_OPTIONS[e] }.join(';').squeeze return "\e[#{bg_colour_code};#{font_options};#{colour_code}m#{text}\e[0m".squeeze(';') end end
您可以通过以下方式使用它:
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :gray, :white
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, bold: true
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, :white, bold: true, underline: true
这是我在不需要任何宝石的情况下所做的工作:
我发现了一些: