所需的库位于非标准位置，我可以通过以下命令安装rgdal：
install.packages('rgdal', type = "source",
configure.args=c('--with-gdal-config=/home/programs/anaconda3/bin/gdal-config',
'--with-proj-include=/home/programs/anaconda3/include',
'--with-proj-lib=/home/programs/anaconda3/lib'))
但我无法安装sf包。它一直在说configure: error: proj_api.h not found in standard or given locations.。安装代码和输出如下。你有什么提示吗？
install.packages('sf', type = "source",
configure.args='--with-gdal-config=/home/programs/anaconda3/bin/gdal-config --with-geos-config=/home/programs/anaconda3/bin/geos-config --with-proj-include=/home/programs/anaconda3/include/ --with-proj-lib=/home/programs/anaconda3/lib/')
* installing *source* package ‘sf’ ...
** package ‘sf’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
configure: CC: gcc -m64 -std=gnu99
configure: CXX: g++ -m64 -std=gnu++11
configure: gdal-config set to /home/programs/anaconda3/bin/gdal-config
checking gdal-config exists... yes
checking gdal-config executable... yes
checking gdal-config usability... yes
configure: GDAL: 2.4.1
checking GDAL version >= 2.0.0... yes
checking for gcc... gcc -m64 -std=gnu99
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc -m64 -std=gnu99 accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc -m64 -std=gnu99 option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -m64 -std=gnu99 -E
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking gdal.h usability... yes
checking gdal.h presence... yes
checking for gdal.h... yes
checking GDAL: linking with --libs only... yes
checking GDAL: /home/programs/anaconda3/share/gdal/pcs.csv readable... yes
checking GDAL: checking whether PROJ is available for linking:... yes
checking GDAL: checking whether PROJ is available fur running:... yes
checking proj_api.h usability... no
checking proj_api.h presence... no
checking for proj_api.h... no
configure: error: proj_api.h not found in standard or given locations.
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘sf’
* removing ‘/usr/lib64/R/library/sf’
R设置信息：
platform x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
arch x86_64
os linux-gnu
system x86_64, linux-gnu
status
major 3
minor 5.2
year 2018
month 12
day 20
svn rev 75870
language R
version.string R version 3.5.2 (2018-12-20)
nickname Eggshell Igloo
感谢所有评论的人;这个问题起源于CentOS的sudo设置。操作系统已设置为用户环境变量在sudo环境中不可用，因此在用户.bashrc文件中设置环境变量无法解决问题。因此，要安装sf包，我必须在命令行中使用R和正确的环境变量启动sudo，然后在sf中安装R包。
首先，使用所需的环境变量运行R，
sudo PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/home/programs/anaconda3/lib/pkgconfig/" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/programs/anaconda3/lib" R
第二，安装sf。
remotes::install_github("r-spatial/sf", configure.args = "--with-gdal-config=/home/programs/anaconda3/bin/gdal-config --with-geos-config=/home/programs/anaconda3/bin/geos-config --with-proj-include=/home/programs/anaconda3/include/ --with-proj-lib=/home/programs/anaconda3/lib/")
再次，请原谅我花时间，我希望这篇文章可以帮助别人。
见：https://github.com/r-spatial/sf/issues/335#issuecomment-484985276