我是fortran的新手，我必须运行一些文件。我安装了MinGW，并按照Windows 10上youtube视频https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuQL_BZydS0的说明进行操作我添加了环境路径。我打开命令提示符，转到我有文件的文件夹，然后键入命令gfortran -O3 reader.f iotools.c -o reader.x我遇到了上面写的一些错误，并尝试通过在其提到的函数和#include <stdlib.h>的前面添加int来修复它们，但是我不确定自己是否正确。我附上的文件iotools.c如下所示
C:\Users\user\Desktop\Ex>gfortran -O3 reader.f iotools.c -o reader.x
iotools.c: In function 'iwritecfw_':
iotools.c:85:11: warning: implicit declaration of function 'exit' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
exit(1);}
^~~~
iotools.c:85:11: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function 'exit'
iotools.c:85:11: note: include '<stdlib.h>' or provide a declaration of 'exit'
iotools.c: In function 'idpwritecfw_':
iotools.c:98:11: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function 'exit'
exit(1);}
^~~~
iotools.c:98:11: note: include '<stdlib.h>' or provide a declaration of 'exit'
iotools.c: In function 'ireadcfr_':
iotools.c:134:11: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function 'exit'
exit(1);}
^~~~
iotools.c:134:11: note: include '<stdlib.h>' or provide a declaration of 'exit'
iotools.c: In function 'idpreadcfr_':
iotools.c:147:11: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function 'exit'
exit(1);}
^~~~
iotools.c:147:11: note: include '<stdlib.h>' or provide a declaration of 'exit'
iotools.c: At top level:
iotools.c:174:1: warning: return type defaults to 'int' [-Wimplicit-int]
idumpc_(vector,nbytes)
^~~~~~~
iotools.c:184:1: warning: return type defaults to 'int' [-Wimplicit-int]
idpdumpc_(vector,nbytes)
^~~~~~~~~
iotools.c:195:1: warning: return type defaults to 'int' [-Wimplicit-int]
ireadc_(vector,nbytes)
^~~~~~~
iotools.c:205:1: warning: return type defaults to 'int' [-Wimplicit-int]
idpreadc_(vector,nbytes)
^~~~~~~~~
iotools.c的初始文件
/* iotools.c utilities, to read and write binary C from FORTRAN */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#ifndef O_BINARY
#define O_BINARY 0
#endif
FILE *fw ; /* pointers to the files used for writing */
FILE *fr ; /* and reading */
/******* OPENING AND CLOSING ROUTINES ******************************************/
void openfilew_(namef)
/* opens for binary writting a file with fortran name namef. First translate the
fortran string namef to the C string namec .
>From fortran it is called as call openfilew(namef) */
char *namef;
{
char namec[80];
int i;
strncpy(namec,namef,80);
/* character strings in fortran are filled with empty spaces. In C, they
should finish with \0 . Thus, translate */
i=0;
for ( ;namec[i] != ' ' ; ++i){}
namec[i]='\0';
fw=fopen(namec,"wb"); /* this is the actual file opening */
if (fw == NULL) {fprintf(stderr,"Error opening file %s \n",namec); }
return ;
}
void openfiler_(namef)
/* opens for binary reading a file with fortran name namef. First translate the
fortran string namef to the C string namec .
>From fortran it is called as call openfiler(namef) */
char *namef;
{
char namec[80];
int i;
strncpy(namec,namef,80);
/* character strings in fortran are filled with empty spaces. In C, they
should finish with \0 */
i=0;
for ( ;namec[i] != ' ' ; ++i){}
namec[i]='\0';
fr=fopen(namec,"rb"); /* this is the actual file opening */
if (fr == NULL) {fprintf(stderr,"Error opening file %s \n",namec); }
return ;}
void closefilew_(void)
/* close the writing file opened by openfilew. From fortran
it is called as call closefilew() */
{fclose(fw);
return;
}
void closefiler_(void)
/* close the reading file opened by openfiler. From fortran
it is called as call closefiler() */
{fclose(fr);
return;
}
/******* WRITING ROUTINES ******************************************/
int iwritecfw_(vector,nelements)
/* writes in binary C to the file fw opened for writing a float
vector of nelements. It returns the number of elements (nelements) written.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=iwritecfw(vector,nelements) , with
vector a single precision float */
float *vector;
int *nelements;
{
if (fw == NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"C-binary file is not open to read\n");
exit(1);}
return fwrite(vector,4,*nelements,fw);
}
int idpwritecfw_(vector,nelements)
/* idem, but vector is a double precision float
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpwritecfw(vector,nelements) */
double *vector;
int *nelements;
{
if (fw == NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"C-binary file is not open to read\n");
exit(1);}
return fwrite(vector,8,*nelements,fw);
}
int iwritecstdout_(vector,nelements)
/* writes in binary C to stdout a float
vector of nelements. It returns the number of elements (nelements) written.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=iwritecstdout(vector,nelements). Under cygwin, first
fix the stdout stream to binary by using fixstd() */
float *vector;
int *nelements;
{ return fwrite(vector,4,*nelements,stdout); }
int idpwritecstdout_(vector,nelements)
/* idem, but vector is a double precision float
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpwritecstdout(vector,nelements). Under cygwin, first
fix the stdout stream to binary by using fixstd() */
double *vector;
int *nelements;
{ return fwrite(vector,8,*nelements,stdout); }
/******* READING ROUTINES *******************************************/
int ireadcfr_(vector,nelements)
/* reads in binary C from the file fr opened for reading a float
vector of nelements. It returns the number of elements (nelements) read.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=ireadcfr(vector,nelements) , with
vector a single precision float. */
float *vector;
int *nelements;
{
if (fr == NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"C-binary file is not open to read\n");
exit(1);}
return fread(vector,4,*nelements,fr);
}
int idpreadcfr_(vector,nelements)
/* idem, but vector is a double precision float.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpreadcfr(vector,nelements). */
double *vector;
int *nelements;
{
if (fr == NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"C-binary file is not open to read\n");
exit(1);}
return fread(vector,8,*nelements,fr);
}
int ireadcstdin_(vector,nelements)
/* reads in binary C from stdin a float
vector of nelements. It returns the number of elements (nelements) read.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=ireadcstdin(vector,nelements). Under cygwin, first
fix the stdin stream to binary by using fixstd() */
float *vector;
int *nelements;
{ return fread(vector,4,*nelements,stdin); }
int idpreadcstdin_(vector,nelements)
/* idem, but vector is a double precision float.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpreadcstdin(vector,nelements). Under cygwin, first
fix the stdin stream to binary by using fixstd() */
double *vector;
int *nelements;
{ return fread(vector,8,*nelements,stdin); }
/******* The following are non-ANSI C functions *****************/
idumpc_(vector,nbytes)
/* the same as iwritecstdout , but using write instead of fwrite. nbytes is the
number of bytes, i.e. 4*nelements. It returns the number of bytes written.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=idumpc(vector,nbytes).
Under cygwin, first fix the stdout stream to binary by using fixstd() */
float *vector;
int *nbytes;
{return( write(1,vector,*nbytes) );}
/* 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr */
idpdumpc_(vector,nbytes)
/* idem, but vector is double precision. nbytes is the
number of bytes, i.e. 8*nelements. It returns the number of bytes written.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpdumpc(vector,nbytes).
Under cygwin, first fix the stdout stream to binary by using fixstd() */
double *vector;
int *nbytes;
{return( write(1,vector,*nbytes) );}
/* 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr */
ireadc_(vector,nbytes)
/* the same as ireadcstdin , but using read instead of fread. nbytes is the
number of bytes, i.e. 4*nelements. It returns the number of bytes read.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=ireadc(vector,nbytes).
Under cygwin, first fix the stdin stream to binary by using fixstd() */
float *vector;
int *nbytes;
{return( read(0,vector,*nbytes) );}
/* 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr */
idpreadc_(vector,nbytes)
/* idem, but vector is double precision. nbytes is the
number of bytes, i.e. 8*nelements. It returns the number of bytes read.
>From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpreadc(vector,nbytes).
Under cygwin, first fix the stdin stream to binary by using fixstd() */
double *vector;
int *nbytes;
{return( read(0,vector,*nbytes) );}
/* 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr */
/* void fixstd_(void)
use this only under cygwin (unix-like environment for windows) and only before
using iwritecstdout and/or ireadcstdin (or ireadc or idumpc) redirected to local files.
It changes the default mode from text to binary.
It will do nothing under other circunstances (but O_BINARY will be undefined in most
non-cygwin environments, so comment out this function when compiling there) .
{ setmode(1,O_BINARY);
setmode(0,O_BINARY); }
0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr */
[这段代码显然是在你们许多人出生之前编写的：它仍然具有ANSI之前的函数定义，并且看到注释行以>From开头告诉我这段代码在电子邮件系统中运行了一段时间。
首先，修复原型。在C的原始版本中，函数named的参数放在函数括号中，但在单独的行中设置其type：
ireadc_(fort_str,fort_len) // we don't
int *fort_len; // .. do it this way
float *fort_str; // .... any more
{
return( read(0,fort_str,*fort_len) );
}
从C ++借用的函数原型将名称和类型移到括号中，并且需要返回类型（即使void也是如此：]]
int ireadc_(float *fort_str, int *fort_len) { return( read(0, fort_str, *fort_len) ); }整个
iotools.c需要重新研究，因此我通过了一下：这包括添加一些#include文件，以支持所有调用的库函数；对于使用gcc的64位Linux系统，它可以为我完全编译。
我确实协调了一些评论，但并没有真正看待逻辑，其中一些可以改善。
/* iotools.c utilities, to read and write binary C from FORTRAN */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// #ifndef O_BINARY
// #define O_BINARY 0
// #endif
FILE *fw ; /* pointers to the files used for writing */
FILE *fr ; /* and reading */
/******* OPENING AND CLOSING ROUTINES ******************************************/
// opens for binary writting a file with fortran name namef. First translate the
// fortran string namef to the C string namec .
// From fortran it is called as call openfilew(namef)
void openfilew_(char *namef)
{
char namec[80];
strncpy(namec, namef, sizeof namec);
// character strings in fortran are filled with empty spaces. In C, they
// should finish with \0 . Thus, translate
int i = 0;
for ( ;namec[i] != ' ' ; ++i){}
namec[i]='\0';
fw = fopen(namec,"wb"); /* this is the actual file opening */
if (fw == NULL) {fprintf(stderr,"Error opening file %s \n",namec); }
}
// opens for binary reading a file with fortran name namef. First translate the
// fortran string namef to the C string namec .
// From fortran it is called as call openfiler(namef)
void openfiler_(char *namef)
{
char namec[80];
strncpy(namec, namef, sizeof namec);
// character strings in fortran are filled with empty spaces. In C, they
// should finish with \0
int i = 0;
for ( ;namec[i] != ' ' ; ++i){}
namec[i]='\0';
fr = fopen(namec, "rb"); /* this is the actual file opening */
if (fr == NULL) {fprintf(stderr,"Error opening file %s \n",namec); }
}
// close the writing file opened by openfilew. From fortran
// it is called as call closefilew()
void closefilew_(void)
{
fclose(fw);
}
// close the reading file opened by openfiler. From fortran
// it is called as call closefiler()
void closefiler_(void)
{
fclose(fr);
}
/******* WRITING ROUTINES ******************************************/
// writes in binary C to the file fw opened for writing a float
// vector of nelements. It returns the number of elements (nelements) written.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=iwritecfw(vector,nelements) , with
// vector a single precision float
int iwritecfw_(float *vector, int *nelements)
{
if (fw == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"C-binary file is not open to read\n");
exit(1);
}
return fwrite(vector, 4, *nelements, fw);
}
// idem, but vector is a double precision float
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpwritecfw(vector,nelements)
int idpwritecfw_(double *vector, int *nelements)
{
if (fw == NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"C-binary file is not open to read\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return fwrite(vector, 8, *nelements, fw);
}
// writes in binary C to stdout a float
// vector of nelements. It returns the number of elements (nelements) written.
// From Fortran it is called as icontrol=iwritecstdout(vector,nelements).
// Under cygwin, first fix the stdout stream to binary by using fixstd()
int iwritecstdout_(float *vector, int *nelements)
{
return fwrite(vector, 4, *nelements, stdout);
}
// idem, but vector is a double precision float
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpwritecstdout(vector,nelements).
// Under cygwin, first fix the stdout stream to binary by using fixstd()
int idpwritecstdout_(double *vector, int *nelements)
{
return fwrite(vector, 8, *nelements, stdout);
}
/******* READING ROUTINES *******************************************/
// reads in binary C from the file fr opened for reading a float
// vector of nelements. It returns the number of elements (nelements) read.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=ireadcfr(vector,nelements) , with
// vector a single precision float.
int ireadcfr_(float *vector, int *nelements)
{
if (fr == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"C-binary file is not open to read\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return fread(vector, 4, *nelements, fr);
}
// idem, but vector is a double precision float.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpreadcfr(vector,nelements).
int idpreadcfr_(double *vector, int *nelements)
{
if (fr == NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"C-binary file is not open to read\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return fread(vector, 8, *nelements, fr);
}
// reads in binary C from stdin a float
// vector of nelements. It returns the number of elements (nelements) read.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=ireadcstdin(vector,nelements).
// Under cygwin, first fix the stdin stream to binary by using fixstd()
int ireadcstdin_(float *vector, int *nelements)
{
return fread(vector, 4, *nelements, stdin);
}
// idem, but vector is a double precision float.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpreadcstdin(vector,nelements).
// Under cygwin, first fix the stdin stream to binary by using fixstd()
int idpreadcstdin_(double *vector, int *nelements)
{
return fread(vector, 8, *nelements, stdin);
}
/******* The following are non-ANSI C functions *****************/
// the same as iwritecstdout , but using write instead of fwrite. nbytes is the
// number of bytes, i.e. 4*nelements. It returns the number of bytes written.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=idumpc(vector,nbytes).
// Under cygwin, first fix the stdout stream to binary by using fixstd()
int idumpc_(float *vector, int *nbytes)
{
// 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr
return( write(1, vector, *nbytes) );
}
// idem, but vector is double precision. nbytes is the
// number of bytes, i.e. 8*nelements. It returns the number of bytes written.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpdumpc(vector,nbytes).
// Under cygwin, first fix the stdout stream to binary by using fixstd()
int idpdumpc_(double *vector, int *nbytes)
{
// 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr
return( write(1,vector,*nbytes) );
}
// the same as ireadcstdin , but using read instead of fread. nbytes is the
// number of bytes, i.e. 4*nelements. It returns the number of bytes read.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=ireadc(vector,nbytes).
// Under cygwin, first fix the stdin stream to binary by using fixstd()
int ireadc_(float *vector, int *nbytes)
{
// 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr
return( read(0, vector, *nbytes) );
}
// idem, but vector is double precision. nbytes is the
// number of bytes, i.e. 8*nelements. It returns the number of bytes read.
// From fortran it is called as icontrol=idpreadc(vector,nbytes).
// Under cygwin, first fix the stdin stream to binary by using fixstd()
int idpreadc_(double *vector, int *nbytes)
{
// 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr
return( read(0, vector, *nbytes) );
}
// void fixstd_(void)
// use this only under cygwin (unix-like environment for windows) and only before
// using iwritecstdout and/or ireadcstdin (or ireadc or idumpc) redirected to local files.
// It changes the default mode from text to binary.
// It will do nothing under other circumstances (but O_BINARY will be undefined in most
// non-cygwin environments, so comment out this function when compiling there).
#ifdef O_BINARY
void fixstd_(void)
{
// 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout, 2 is stderr */
setmode(1,O_BINARY);
setmode(0,O_BINARY);
}
#endif